National Police of Honduras

Images of the National Police of Honduras

The National Police of Honduras is a uniformed government body that works to keep order and public security in Honduras, as well as to preserve the application and the fulfillment of the law.[1] The National Police of Honduras has jurisdiction over the 18 departments of Honduras. Currently, the National Police operates within 18 departmental leaderships and two metropolitan leaderships (Central District and San Pedro Sula). Under these entities are regional leaderships, municipal leaderships, leaderships of fixed or mobile stations, postas, and police stations. These leaderships have created at least 360 physical installations around the country.[2]

The National Police of Honduras was originally established on January 5, 1888 during the presidency of Marco Aurelio Soto. Over the next 70 years, the National Police grew, expanding and organizing new divisions, such as the creation of the National Direction of Criminal Investigation in 1930s. When Honduras became a state member in the 1950s, the National Police was disbanded and became the Civil Guard, a military body with police functions.[3]

When Honduras returned to a democratic and constitutional state to principles in the 1980s, as part of the transition to separate the police strengths of the military strengths, the Security Force Public (FUSEP) was also responsible for civil control during the presidency of Carlos Roberto Reina.[4] In 1998, then president Carlos Roberto Flores, together with the National Congress of Honduras, approved a new organic law that established the new National Police of Honduras.

The National Police is a dependent of the Office of Security, under the upper control of the Minister of Security and under the jurisdiction of the General Director of the National Police. At present, the National Police has six divisions inside the organization, these being the (1) National Direction of Preventive Police (DNPP), the (2) National Direction of Criminal Investigation (DNIC), the (3) National Direction of Special Services of Investigation (DNSEI), the (4) National Direction of Traffic (DNT), the (5) National Direction of Preventive Special Services (DNSEP) and the (6) System of Police Education (SEP). These central divisions are headed by their respective Commissioner National Directors.[5]

The National Police of Honduras is headquartered in Tegucigalpa, the main city of the country and is also the fourth largest police body in Central America, in terms of members employed (ahead of Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Belize) and is the sixth largest in terms of the per capital number of inhabitants per policeman. In 2010, the Office of Security operated with a budget of Lps. 3,129,454,629 (US$165.143 millions) and the National Direction of the Preventive Police, being a key division, had the highest cost at about Lps. 1.333.687.852 (US$70.3 millions).[6]

History

For more than 30 years, the National Police of Honduras was part of the Armed forces, disassociating from them in 2001. Following this, the Honduran police had military character and depended on the Office of National Defense and Public Security (SDNSP). The only competent authority to direct it was the Boss of the FFAA who functions as a representative of the President of the Republic.[7]

Starts of police elements

In 1866, during the government of General José María Medina, he decreed the "Law of Rural Police", which required inspectors that possessed the attributions of the judges of peace. This group was called the "Body of Gendarmería".

In December 1881, the president of the republic, Marco Aurelio Soto, organized the "Police of Line" in the municipalities of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela with a commander, a sub commander, an assistant, four sergeants and five policemen.[3]

The first National Police

On January 15, 1882 by means of the president Marco Aurelio Soto, an Agreement and Regulation of the Ministry of Government and Justice was issued, which established the creation of the National Police.

On September 14, 1888, the on duty president general, Luis Bográn, issued a decree on the Regulation of Government and the creation of the Port Police, effective on January 1, 1890.[8]

In 1930, it created the "Police of Investigation", later called "National Direction of Criminal Investigation"; in 1933 it was born the "Police of Traffic" (today Traffic).[9]

Dissolution of the National Police

In June 1959, after the military movement against President Ramón Villeda Moral directed by the colonel Arming Velásquez Cerrato removed the National Police and instead created a body paramilitar with police functions designated as the "Civil Guard".[10]

Special body of Security (CES)

On October 9, 1963, after the coup d'taté against the government of Villeda Moral is assigned to be the Special Body of Security (CES) as the Head of state Oswaldo López Arellano, being his first director the General Alonzo Flores War and dependent of the Ministry of Defence and Public Security.[11]

The requirements of the period forced to the institution to create the dependencies of "Rural Detachment" and the "Patrol of Roads" in the delegations and sub-departmental delegations of all the country.

Security Force Public (FUSEP)

In 1969, in the bellicose conflict between Honduras and The Saviour, the CES combated at the side of the army and in 1974 created the Police of Inland revenue and later on 30 January 1975 disappears the CES and conforms the Security Force Public (FUSEP) like a branch of the Armed forces of Honduras. This was modernizada and his elements dressed uniform of green colour, with arms of regulation gun Browning Hi-Power calibrate 9mm and rifle FN FAL (Rifle Automatique Léger) of calibrate 7,62 x 51 NATO.[12]

National direction of Investigation

On 4 January 1982, it established the Centre of Police Instruction Captain José Santos Guardiola (CIP-CJSG), today called the Police Technical Institute (ITP-CJSG); and in July 1984, the School of Qualification for Officials of Police (ECOP), today known like Upper Institute of Police Education (ISEP).

Another police body was the special delegation of investigations called National Direction of Investigation (DNI), always under controls martialand military ranks, being the commander in boss a general, some of which went graduates of the National Academy of Police of General Honduras José Trinidad Cabins (ANAPO) and the National University of Police of Honduras (UNPH)[13]

Legal frame

The Organic Law of the National Police is the legal foundation that forms and governs the National Police of Honduras.

The Article 293 of the Constitution of Honduras by Decree 136-1995 and Decree 229-1996 in addition to the Article 22 of his Organic Law by Decree No.67-2008 it defines to the National Police eat:[14]

Functions

The Organic Law describes the functions of the institution and of his five directions. Inside the most important functions that fulfils the National Police contained in the articles 3, 22, 46 and 66 of the quoted legal body find : watch the conservation and restablecimiento of the public order; warn, deter, control, investigate and combat the crime, infringements and lacking; protect the life, goods, rights and freedoms of the people, and the security of the public and private institutions; normar and supervise the services of private security; register and control of arms and collaborate with the FFAA.

Besides, the Preventive Police has to combat crimes related with the crime organised (like the smuggling, the fraud or the fiscal escape); apply the police controls in matter of taxes and combat the production, use, possession and illegal traffic of arms and drugs. By his part has to enforce the juridical legislation of transport, traffic and vialidad; and exert functions of security in migratory matter.

Structure and Organization

The National Police of Honduras is a dependent organ of the Office of Security, one of the 16 Offices of State of the Executive Power and is under final authority of the President of the Republic. The Minister of Security is the maximum figure of the Office of Segurdiad after the Executive Power.

The General Direction of the National Police (DGPN) is the executive boss of the National Police and under his control find six central bodies conformed by the National Direction of the Preventive Police (DNPP), the National Direction of Criminal Investigation (DNIC), the National Direction of Special Services of Investigation (DNSEI), the National Direction of Traffic (DNT), the National Direction of Preventive Special Services (DNSEP) and the Direction of Investigation of Internal Subjects (DIAI).

It is also it splits of the National Police the System of Police Education (SEP), headed by a Rectoría and possesses four dependencies being the National University of the Police of Honduras (UNPH), the Police Technological Institute (ITP), the National Academy of Police (ANAPO) and the School of Sub Official (THIS); each one directed by a Director.

Bodies of police to finals of the 20th century and principles of the XXI

Preventive National police

By means of the philosophy of the Moral Revolution proposal by the president Carlos Roberto Reina Idiaquez, that carried to the total reform of the attributions and regulations of the Armed forces of the country and that separated completely to the Police of the controls of the army through his organic law, is formed the Preventive National Police with bosses graduates of an Academy of Police with degree in police sciences, those that would act with the name of Commissioner of Police. Today, this academy is Unit of Pre degree of the University of the National Police of Honduras (UPNH), his graduates receive the rank of Sub Inspector of Police. His uniform change totally to the blue colour to the equal the colours of his cars patrols, the guns and rifles Galil of regulation.[15] The National Police has aerial units Helicopters type Bell 206 JetRanger designated Falcon to offer aerial support to the terrestrial commandos.

You earn

You EARN them they are agents of skilled police in anti riots and riots, frank fencers and tactical and special operations. With instruction of the bodies SWAT American.[16] These policemen are qualified and assigned in the unit designated Skilled Commando Earn (COECO).

National direction of Criminal Investigation

The National Direction of Criminal Investigation (DNIC) with training and instructors of Scotland Yard British, FBI, DEA American and Mossad Israeli. This new police would use like weapon of regulation a Glock calibrate 9mm, shotgun of mark Remington and rifle IMI Galil. With a General and dependent Director of the also recently founded Public Ministry of Honduras, both so much fiscal agent like agent of investigation would act jointly for the investigation, identification and register of common crimes, to what also added the Forensic Doctor a facultativo of Forensic Sciences, for crimes of first degree and the forensic experts facultativos for crimes conexos, traffic of drugs, etc. until finishing his work presenting to the offender and evidences in an oral trial, that will make in a competent and dependent Court of the Supreme Court of Justice of Honduras.

Technical policemen

In its time the ancient D.G.I.C. (Now D.P.I.) drafted 18 year old men and women, with complete secondary education or university¹, those that would become to the moment of his graduation detectives of investigation. Its bosses are commissioners or Inspectors.[17] These agents find stood out in regional delegations by the country, headed by a coordinator, sub coordinator and several agents.

The fields in which they specialize :

The New National Police

In 1993, it proposed the separation of the functions of investigation and prevention, creating the General Direction of Criminal Investigation (DGIC) under a new Public Ministry. The old Preventive Police and the new DGIC remained supeditadas to distinct authorities by the next years.[2]

By means of Decree No. 229-96 of 17 December 1996 the National Congress of Honduras ordered the transfer of the Police to the civil power, headed by a board interventora created for such effect and integrated by the doctor Hernán Farmyards Padilla like President; accompanied of the lawyers, Jorge Ponce Turcios, Francisco Cardona Argüelles, Germán Leitzelar Vidaurreta, Felipe Elvir Sierra, José Zamora Bados and the engineer Alfredo Landaverde.

On May 28, 1998, by means of the Decree No. 156-98 it creates the Organic Law of the National Police (LOPN) dependent of the Office of State in the Dispatch of Security and aided by 2 sub offices, in accordance with the general law of the Public Administration and whose traspaso materialised by an Honourable Board chaired by the Dr. Hernán Farmyards Padilla.[19]

From the existence of the LOPN, gives end to the military dependency and considers him to the Police an independent organism and of civil character. The Police chose to the Virgin of Carmen like his Patron Saint and on the 16th of July of every year to celebrate the "Day of the patron saint of the National Police".[20]

On May 22, 2012 it assumed the General Direction of the National Police of Honduras Juan Carlos Bonilla Valladares, General Commissioner of 48 years.[21] With date 19 December 2013 the president Porfirio Wolf juramenta to the new director of the national police Ramón Antonio Sabillón Pineda, in replacement of Juan Carlos Bonilla Valladares[22]

TIGERS

The TIGERS are a special strength of the Police created by the current president Juan Orlando Hernández, when it was headline of the National Congress with regard to providing security to the citizenship, combat the crime organised and delicuencia common. Said commandos conform the politics of security of the State, under the coordination of the Council of Defence and National Security. All his operations are accompanied by judges and public prosecutors of the Public Ministry. They are trained during several months by instructors of the Green Berets of the Army of EE.UU. And by members of the unit JUNGLES of the Colombian National Police, like part of the support of the government of EE.UU. In confrontar the sources of insecurity in Honduras, so much in plough rural as urban.

The training that receive includes:

DPI

In the new national police of investigation of the republic of Honduras and that the president Juan Orlando Hernández inaugurated on 1 September 2015 and that finds active from this date. The president Hernández manifested in his speech of investiture that: "the expectation on the work that made this organism are very high". Honduras report in 2012 a historical maximum of homicides with a worrisome tax of the 86.6 by each 100 one thousand inhabitants. This new police of investigation explained initially with 1000 agents which will be assigned in the regional headquarters of San Pedro sula, The Ceiba, Santa Rosa of Copán, Comayagua and Choluteca. The agents (detectives) this highly qualified in handle of the scene of the crime and other elements of investigation, being of this way, Honduras the first country of Centroamérica that has mobile laboratories criminalísticos.[23]

Policemen killed in Honduras

From the year 2009 and with an increase pavoroso, the delinquency has multiplied in the country centroamericano, the social unsteadiness, the increase of gangs and juvenile unemployment owing to fault of work; added to this the proliferation of arms of fire without control any, has caused a country without security and without 'law some', where the ciudadania fears by his life when going out to the streets and of equal form for the effective police that fulfil with his work when trying keep order. To continuation a brief listing of police members that have lost the life in the fulfillment of his have to.[24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Congreso Nacional de Honduras (16 June 2008). "Constitución de Honduras de 1982". honduras.justia.com. Article 293, Modificado por Decreto 136-1995 y ratificado por Decreto 229-1996. Retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  2. 1 2 Armando Carballido Gómez (2 July 2009). "Seguridad Pública y Privada de Honduras" (PDF). Organización de los Estados Américanos (OEA). p. 1, 9 & 10. Retrieved 15 Nov 2011.
  3. 1 2 La Tribuna (23 July 2009). "Reseña Histórica de la Policía Nacional de Honduras". nacerenhonduras.com. 1st & 4th parag. Retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  4. ↑ Walker, Thomas W.; Armony, Ariel C. (2000). "La Administración Carlos Reina 1994–1998". In Scholarly Resources Inc. Repression, resistance, and democratic transition in Central America (301 pages). Wilmington, DE. p. 58, 1st & 2nd parag. ISBN 0 8420 2766 1. Retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  5. ↑ Secretaría de Seguridad (18 Nov 2008). "Órganos centrales de la Policía Nacional de Honduras". seguridad.gob.hn. Archived from the original on 25 Nov 2015. Retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  6. ↑ Secretaría de Seguridad (3 Nov 2010). "Presupuesto de Egresos 2010" (PDF). transparencia-seguridad.gob.hn. p. 1-2. Retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  7. ↑ Lucía Dammert (Nov 2007). "Reporte del Sector Seguridad 2006, Informe nacional Honduras". p. 35-36. Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  8. ↑ Los deliberantes, el poder militar en Honduras.
  9. ↑ Zeyfer-Sistema de Información Cultural (17 April 2010). "Policía Nacional de Honduras". 1st & 2nd parag. Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  10. ↑ Israel C. Turcios Rodríguez (28 July 2009). "Golpes de Estado en las últimas décadas en Honduras". 7th parag. Archived from the original on 25 Nov 2015. Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  11. ↑ Sección Tribuna del Pueblo (5 June 2011). "La Policía y los políticos". 1st parag. Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  12. ↑ Juan Alberto Melgar (21 Sep 1976). "Ley Orgánica de la Fuerza de Seguridad Pública". Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  13. ↑ Congreso Nacional de Honduras (28 May 1998). "Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional" (PDF). Títutlo III de las Políticas de Desarrollo Profesional de los Policías, Capítulo Único del Sistema de Educación Policial, articles 76-79. Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  14. ↑ Congreso Nacional de Honduras (17 Dec 1996). "Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional de Honduras" (PDF). Diario Oficial La Gaceta-Decreto No.229-1996. Article 10. Retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  15. ↑ Capítulo II, Ingreso al Régimen de la Carrera Policial artículo 91 de la Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional de Honduras
  16. ↑ Cuerpos Especiales Policiales subsección VI, artículos 70 y 71 de la Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional de Honduras
  17. ↑ Titulo III, Políticas de Desarrollo Profesional de los Policías artículo 76 de la Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional de Honduras
  18. ↑ Titulo III, Políticas de Desarrollo Profesional de los Policias artículo 76 de la Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional de Honduras
  19. ↑ Nahum Valladares y Valladares (13 Sep 2006). "Famosos hijos adoptivos de la capital". 13th paragraph: Hernán Corrales Padilla 1924–1999. Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  20. ↑ Redacción El Heraldo (15 July 2011). "Policías veneraron a su santa patrona". Retrieved 18 Nov 2011.
  21. ↑ "Asume nuevo director de la Policía Nacional".
  22. ↑ El Heraldo (Honduras) (Consultado 9/enero/2014)
  23. ↑ artículo: En Funciones con mil agentes altamente entrenados, la nueva policia de investigación de Honduras.
  24. ↑ Artículo: "Indignación por asesinato de policía registrado en video" Diario La Prensa (Honduras) (Consultado 30 August 2013).
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