National Arts Council (Singapore)

National Arts Council
Agency overview
Formed October 15, 1991 (1991-10-15)
Preceding agencies
  • Singapore Cultural Foundation
  • Cultural Division of Ministry of Community Development
  • Festival of Arts Secretariat
  • National Theatre Trust
Jurisdiction Government of Singapore
Headquarters 90 Goodman Road, Goodman Arts Centre, Blk A #01-01, Singapore 439053
Agency executives
  • Professor Chan Heng Chee, Chairman
  • Kathy Lai, Chief Executive Officer
Parent agency Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth
Website www.nac.gov.sg
Entrance of Goodman Arts Centre, where the National Arts Council is housed.

The National Arts Council of Singapore (Abbreviation: NAC; Chinese: 国家艺术理事会; Malay: Majlis Kebudayaan Kebangsaan Singapura) was established in September 1991 "to nurture the arts and make it an integral part of life in Singapore." It was both a development and a censorship agency until 2002, when censorship was assigned to the Media Development Authority. However, the NAC has found ways to keep censoring since then, and has even argued for the need for censorship.

History

In 1989, the Advisory Council on Culture and the Arts, chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Ong Teng Cheong, produced a report assessing the status of various aspects of arts in Singapore. The report would form the blueprint for cultural policy in Singapore, and led to the establishment of the National Arts Council and National Heritage Board to spearhead the development of arts in Singapore.[1]

In 1991, the National Arts Council (NAC) was formed from the amalgamation of the Singapore Cultural Foundation, Cultural Division of Ministry of Community Development, Festival of Arts Secretariat and the National Theatre Trust.

Organisation Structure

The NAC is made up of the following sectors and departments: Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Literary Arts, Arts & Community, Arts & Youth, Arts Education, Capability Development, Strategic Planning and Precinct Development. They are supported by the Human Resources, Corporate Communications and Marketing Services and the Finance department to implement strategies and programmes to better the art scene in Singapore.

Arts Cluster Development

The NAC adopted an arts cluster development approach starting from 15 April 2004. This project was led by a dedicated team of officers championing the performing, visual and literary art forms. This new approach enabled the Council to develop all its various art forms in a holistic manner by working through the entire value chain, nurturing and developing artists, arts groups and arts businesses, to providing international stages for Singaporean artists to showcase their talents. This new plan also helps enhance the relationship within the arts community, where artists and arts groups become partners, implementing the cluster development plan.

Community Engagement

In line with the NAC’s goal of developing lifelong arts participation, the Council works closely with other agencies to bring arts to the wider public using community platforms, such as the community centres, public libraries and communal spaces found in the heartlands. One of the key initiatives was the development of the District Arts Festivals across all five Community Development Councils (CDCs) to showcase community talents and to raise the level of arts engagement amongst the general public.

Assistance Schemes

In order to help develop Singapore's young art talents and organisations, the NAC has set up schemes to provide them with financial and non-financial assistance at all levels of participation. These schemes include 2-year and as well as annual grant to provide funding to major arts companies as well as various project grants, which also assist in the production and presentation of artistic work and activities. In order for the council to promote Singapore arts overseas, International Development Grants' are available to artists and arts companies for touring, collaboration and marketing.

Programmes

In order to create more demand for the arts in Singapore, the NAC has supported a range of programmes that cut across various art forms, as well as reaching out to the community. Some of these programmes are:

To further develop and identify potential artistic talents, the NAC also organises competitions to enable artists in Singapore to enhance their performing, literary and musical skills. Some of these competitions include:

Festivals

The NAC also organises several flagship art events in Singapore. They are:

Controversies

Despite its goal "to nurture the arts", the NAC has censored Singapore arts through funding and other means consistently since its formation.

From 1994 to 2004, the NAC withdrew funding support for the scriptless art forms of performance art as well as forum theatre, effectively banning both mediums. This followed artist Josef Ng's 1994 performance Brother Cane, in which he bared his buttocks and trimmed his pubic hair to protest media coverage of an anti-gay operation in 1992.[2]

In 2000, the NAC objected to theatre group Agni Kootthu's planned staging of Elangovan's play Talaq, a one-woman show about an Indian Muslim woman's divorce, which had already been staged twice. They suggested that Agni Kootthu arrange a preview of the play for selected persons so that their recommendations would help the Public Entertainment Licence Unit (PELU) to decide on the licence application. When PELU refused to grant a licence, the NAC supported the staging of the play subject to some changes being made. Agni Kootthu instead decided to hold an invitation-only rehearsal to document the play at the Drama Centre, which it had booked beforehand. NAC, as the Drama Centre's landlord, decided to close the Drama Centre on those days, resulting in a four-hour standoff when S. Thenmoli, president of Agni Kootthu, arrived. The then-Executive Director of NAC called the police and Thenmoli was arrested for alleged trespassing.[3][4]

In the same year, the NAC withdrew funding of $8,000 from theatre group Drama Box's staging of The VaginaLogue, a one-woman show by Li Xie, because the group's artistic director Kok Heng Leun declined to take down a projected image of a vagina that was used as a backdrop. As a result, the group lost money on the production. Three years later, the NAC declined to fund Drama Box's re-staging of the same play.[5]

In 2002, the NAC demanded that lines from Alfian Sa'at's play Causeway, staged by Teater Ekamatra, be removed due to its supposed incitement of cross-strait and racial tensions.[6][7]

In 2003, the NAC withdrew its funding of the journal FOCAS: Focus on Contemporary Art and Society Vol. 5: Second FRONT three days before it went to print. The suspected reason was playwright-poet Alfian Sa'at's essays, “The Racist’s Apology”, about being an indigenous Malay in Singapore, and one on NAC's censorship in previous issues of the journal.[8]

In 2006, the NAC informed an unnamed artist invited to the Singapore Biennale that he would need a lawyer for his project, and that he would be held responsible if anything should go wrong in the project. He was also told that he would not receive further support unless he had engaged a lawyer which was not possible as a lawyer would have required half of the budget given. The proposed work had intended to interview 5 individuals who have been active in the arts scene in Singapore and the video recording would be presented as a 5-hour long screening during the Singapore Biennale 2006. The work was not completed and presented at the Biennale.[9]

In 2007, the NAC removed artist-writer Jason Wee's essay, "Raising the Subject", from the catalogue for "Raised", an art festival that was part of the Singapore Art Show 2007 which thematically focused on migrant labor, reportedly because it included references to Operation Spectrum.[10]

In May 2010, the NAC cut the annual grant given to local theatre company W!LD RICE. It got $170,000, down from $190,000 the year before. It is the lowest annual grant that the company has received from the council. Artistic director Ivan Heng says the council told him funding was cut because its productions promoted alternative lifestyles, were critical of government policies and satirised political leaders. Veteran theatre company TheatreWorks also had its funding cut, from $310,000 to $280,000. Its artistic director Ong Keng Sen was told that the company had to have more "local presence".[11]

In early 2011, the NAC revoked its publishing grant for playwright Chong Tze Chien's book Four Plays (Epigram Books) as it included the controversial and classic play Charged.[12]

In late 2011, following a private preview, the Singapore Art Museum removed Japanese-British artist Simon Fujiwara’s work, Welcome to the Hotel Munber (2010), which featured homoerotic content, despite appropriate advisory notices put up by the museum and the Singapore Biennale, organised by the NAC.[13] This censorship was committed without any consultation with or notification of the artist.[14]

In May 2015, it withdrew $8,000 worth of funding after it deemed that the best-selling graphic novel The Art Of Charlie Chan Hock Chye (Epigram Books) by Sonny Liew, which it had previously read in full in draft form and approved of, had "sensitive content" and the potential to "undermine the authority and legitimacy" of the government". This led to a heated debate between artists and the council.[15]

From November to December 2015, NAC was involved in a fracas with local artists and academics after its CEO Kathy Lai and Chairman Chan Heng Chee argued for the need for and defended NAC's use of censorship. This prompted calls to boycott the NAC.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Lily Kong; Ching Chia-ho; Chou Tsu-Lung. Arts, Culture and the Making of Global Cities: Creating New Urban Landscapes in Asia. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 89–90. ISBN 9781784715847.
  2. ↑ Lee, Jian Xuan (23 December 2015). "Curator Josef Ng, whose 1994 performance led to proscription of performance art, joins Pearl Lam Galleries". Singapore Press Holdings. The Straits Times. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  3. ↑ Sathiah, Anna (29 October 2000). "Singapore police nab theatre director". Laredo Morning Times.
  4. ↑ Au, Alex. "Talaq and religious freedom". Yawning Bread. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  5. ↑ Chia, Adeline (13 May 2010). "Don't play play". Singapore Press Holdings. The Straits Times.
  6. ↑ See, Martyn. "Censorship under the PAP : 1959 - 2008". Singapore Rebel. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  7. ↑ "Arts Community Proposal". TheatreWorks. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  8. ↑ Tan, S. E. (23 December 2003). "Focas in a Fracas". Singapore Press Holdings. The Straits Times. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  9. ↑ "Censorship Accounts". ArtsEngage. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  10. ↑ "Reading Spaces, Spaces for Reading". Guggenheim Blog. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  11. ↑ "NAC cuts funds to theatre company Wild Rice". Singapore Press Holdings. AsiaOne. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  12. ↑ "Playwright Chong Tze Chien's Charged faces racism head-on". Singapore Press Holdings. The Straits Times. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  13. ↑ Lingham, Susie (November 2011). "ART AND CENSORSHIP IN SINGAPORE: CATCH 22?". ArtAsiaPacific. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  14. ↑ Ng, Yi-Sheng (25 March 2011). "Simon Fujiwara: Censored at the Singapore Biennale 2011". Fridae. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  15. ↑ "Unveiling Singapore's next chapter in entertainment & lifestyle". MediaCorp. TODAY. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  16. ↑ Gerard, Clarabelle. "Another fracas over Arts Funding: But where are the alternatives?". The Middle Ground. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
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