Mountain leader

A mountain leader is a military professional specialising in delivering training for, or leading, operations in high altitude or extremely low temperature environments.

Mountain leader (UK)

The conduct of warfare in high altitude or arctic environments in the British Armed Forces is the province of 3 Commando Brigade, a formation of the Royal Marines with a number of attached army elements. The brigade conducts annual training in the northern regions of Norway and has been deployed for high altitude operations globally.

Associated with the tasking as the lead force for mountain and Arctic warfare is the existence of the trade specialisation mountain leader (ML). Each sub-unit within the brigade is complemented with at least one mountain leader who will have undergone training in the Mountain Leader Training Cadre, formerly known as the Mountain and Arctic Training Cadre.

Mountain leader (US)

USMC mountain leader

Mountain leaders (USMC and US Army) have extensive practical experience in a variety of mountain environments in both winter and summer conditions. They have well-developed hazard evaluation and safe route finding skills over all types of mountainous terrain. Mountain leaders are best qualified to advise commanders on all aspects of mountain operations, particularly the preparation and leadership required to move units over technically difficult, hazardous, or exposed terrain. In most cases the mountain leader is the highest level of qualification and is the principle trainer for conducting mountain operations. Mountain warfare instructor experience at a mountain training center or as a member of a special operations forces (SOF) mountain team is critical to the mountain leader development. Below is a list of the additional knowledge and skills expected of mountain leaders. Depending on the specific AO, mountain leaders may need additional over-the-snow mobility skills such as snowshoeing and all-terrain skiing.

• Recognizing and evaluating peculiar terrain, weather, and hazards.
• Preparing route, movement, bivouac, and risk management plans for all conditions and elevation levels.
• Using roped movement techniques on steep snow and ice.
• Performing multi-pitch climbing on mixed terrain (rock, snow, and ice).
• Performing glacier travel and crevice rescue.
• Establishing and operating technical high-angle, multi-pitch rescue and evacuation systems.
• Using winter shelters and survival techniques.
• Leading units over technically difficult, hazardous, or exposed terrain in both winter and summer conditions.

Other countries

Some other countries have similar specialists for operating in cold and high altitude environment.

• The Netherlands - "NLMARSOF Mountain leaders": The Dutch Royal Marines follow the training with the British Royal Marines.
• Germany - heeresbergführer
• Italy - guida Alpina militare
• France - guide de haute montagne militaire

References

• FM 3-97.61, Military Mountaineering, Appendix A, Levels of Military Mountaineering

See also

• Mountain Leader Training Cadre UK
• Mountain Warfare Training Center US
• Army Mountain Warfare School US
• Northern Warfare Training Center US