Early political career of Sarah Palin

Wasilla City Hall
Location of Wasilla, Alaska

Sarah Palin was a member of the Wasilla, Alaska city council from 1992 to 1996 and the city's mayor from 1996 to 2002. Wasilla is located 29 miles (47 km) north-east of the port of Anchorage, and is the largest population center in the Mat-Su Valley. At the conclusion of Palin's tenure as mayor in 2002, the city had about 6,300 residents,[1] and is now the fifth largest city in the state.[2] Term limits prevented Palin from running for a third term as mayor.[3]

City council of Wasilla

Palin was elected twice to the city council of Wasilla, in 1992 and 1995. Wasilla's city councillors serve three-year terms.[4] Palin says she entered politics because she was concerned that revenue from a new Wasilla sales tax would not be spent wisely.[5]

Palin's first foray into politics was in 1992, when the then 28-year-old ran for Wasilla city council against John Hartrick, a local telephone company worker.[6][7] She won 530 votes against Hartrick's 310. On the council, she successfully opposed a measure to curtail the hours at Wasilla's bars by two hours. This surprised Hartrick because she was then a member of a church that advocated abstinence from alcohol.[6] After serving on the city council for three years, she ran for reelection against R’nita Rogers in 1995, winning 413 votes to Rogers' 185.[8] Palin did not complete her second term on the city council because she ran for mayor in 1996.

Remark about library book

According to Laura Chase of Wasilla, and former Wasilla mayor John Stein, Palin mentioned in 1995 that she saw the book Daddy's Roommate in the public library and did not think that it belonged there.[9] Chase later became Palin's campaign manager for mayor in 1996, when Palin defeated John Stein, but Chase had a falling out with Palin and then became a vocal critic.[10]

City of Wasilla Library records indicate that there was never a request for the library to remove the book and that no books were ever censored or banned.[11] A New York Times article in 2008 mentioned the Daddy's Roommate episode, and intimated that the episode is relevant to accusations that Palin may be sympathetic to censorship.[9] The Times article was subsequently criticized by the Times' own ombudsman for presenting "confusing and incomplete" anecdotes about Palin.[12]

The McCain-Palin campaign said that Palin was not advocating censorship.[9] Eventually, the Wasilla Library did remove the book in question, according to Kathy Martin-Albright who became library director in 2005: "The books were removed as part of ongoing collection development and not due to the subject matter presented in the books."[13]

Duties of mayor

The duties of Wasilla's mayor[14] are more circumscribed than those of many other mayors in the United States. Firefighting and schools are overseen by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough government, and the state government handles social services and environmental regulation, such as storm water management for building projects. Palin told the Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman that she could handle the job of Mayor without any assistance from veteran town officials: "It's not rocket science. It's $6 million and 53 employees."[15]

Campaign for mayor in 1996

In 1996, Palin had been serving on the city council for four years, and decided to run for mayor. She defeated three-term incumbent mayor John Stein, running on a platform of "fresh ideas and energy".[16]

In the campaign, she vowed to replace "stale leadership"[16] and criticized Stein for wasteful spending and high taxes.[17] She also introduced campaign issues such as abortion, gun rights, and term limits into the race.[18] Although the mayoral election was non-partisan, the state Republican party ran advertisements on her behalf.[18] Palin did not brandish her religious views during that campaign,[16] but did play up her church work.[18] A local cable TV program referred to Palin as Wasilla's first "Christian mayor," which prompted an objection from Stein who noted that he and several previous mayors were Christian.[16]

First term as mayor

Upon taking office in October 1996, she began to make staffing changes. She eliminated the position of museum director and asked for updated resumes and resignation letters from Wasilla police chief Irl Stambaugh, public works director Jack Felton, finance director Duane Dvorak, and librarian Mary Ellen Emmons.[19] She temporarily required department heads to get her approval before talking to reporters, stating they first needed to become better acquainted with her policies. As promised during her campaign, she reduced her own salary by 10%, from $68,000 to $61,200;[20] she also reduced her workload by hiring a new City Administrator.[18] By 1999, the City Council had raised her salary back to $68,000.[20] In her first term, state Republican party leaders began grooming her for higher office.[16]

Her first months in office were so rocky that there was talk of a recall attempt in 1997, which fizzled.[15][21] Her recollection was that she "grew tremendously in my early months as mayor". Palin would gain favor with Wasillans. She kept a jar with the names of Wasilla residents on her desk, and once a week she pulled a name from it and picked up the phone. She would ask: "How's the city doing?"[21]

Police department matters

Stambaugh's dismissal

Palin gave a signed letter to Police Chief Stambaugh on January 30, 1997 stating: "I do not feel I have your full support in my efforts to govern the city of Wasilla. Therefore I intend to terminate your employment."[22] Palin spoke with Stambaugh at least three times about his continued service, but ultimately he was fired as planned.[21][23] Stambaugh filed a lawsuit claiming discrimination and that his dismissal was politically motivated. The lawsuit was later dismissed by a court that found the mayor has the right to fire city employees even for political reasons or for no reason at all[24][25] and ordered Stambaugh to pay $22,000 of Palin's legal expenses.[24]

As mayor of Wasilla, Palin was in charge of the city Police Department, consisting of 25 officers and Chief of Police, Charlie Fannon.[5] She was credited with strengthening the Police Department.[18] She would later come into conflict with Fannon when he ran for political office using campaign ads containing a false endorsement from Palin. Palin actually supported another candidate, Curt Menard.[26]

HB 270

In 2000, state legislators in Alaska learned that some police agencies were charging rape victims or their insurance companies for forensic medical examination necessary to gather evidence, which can cost $500 to $1200.[27][28] A bill was proposed to require police departments to cover the cost of the exams and became law later the same year.[15][29] Fannon responded to the new law by expressing concern about the cost of the rape kits,[30] stating "In the past we've charged the cost of exams to the victim's insurance company when possible. I just don't want to see any more burden put on the taxpayer....Ultimately it is the criminal who should bear the burden of the added costs.".[30] The City of Wasilla Office of the Mayor reported searching records extending "back to the beginning of fiscal year 2000", and "found no record of sexual assault victims billed for forensic exams".[31]

The Wasilla newspaper, The Frontiersman, conducted an e-mail interview with Palin, comprising fourteen questions:

(Frontiersman)"6. During your tenure as mayor in 2000, then police chief Charlie Fannon commented in a May 23, 2000 Frontiersman article about legislation Gov. Tony Knowles signed protecting victims of sexual assault from being billed for rape kits collected by police as part of their investigations. Fannon revealed then that Knowles’ decision would cost Wasilla $5,000 to $14,000 a year, insinuating that the department’s policy was to bill victims for this testing. During your tenure as Mayor, what was the police department and city’s standard operating procedure in recovering costs of rape kits? Were any sexual assault victims ever charged for this testing while you were mayor?"
(Palin)"The entire notion of making a victim of a crime pay for anything is crazy. I do not believe, nor have I ever believed, that rape victims should have to pay for an evidence-gathering test. As governor, I worked in a variety of ways to tackle the problem of sexual assault and rape, including making domestic violence a priority of my administration."[32]

Also in 2008, Palin's spokeswoman reiterated her response, adding, "Gov. Palin's position could not be more clear. To suggest otherwise is a deliberate misrepresentation of her commitment to supporting victims and bringing violent criminals to justice."[27]

Library matters

According to librarian Mary Ellen Emmons, she and Palin discussed the question of library censorship on October 28, 1996.[33] Emmons recalls Palin asking if Emmons would object to censorship, and raising the possibility of people circling the library in protest, to which Emmons replied that the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) would get involved. In early December, Palin spoke publicly about the issue, using it as an example of a discussion she'd had with her department heads, stating that "many issues were discussed, both rhetorical and realistic in nature."[33] Anne Kilkenny, a long-time registered Democrat and activist[34] who was at the meeting of October 28, on Palin's statement: "There's no way I thought it was rhetorical".[35] Palin stated that the issue of censorship "was discussed in the context of a professional question being asked in regards to library policy" and that she did not have a specific list of books in mind. "This is different than a normal book-selection procedure or a book-challenge policy," Emmons said. "She was asking me how I would deal with her saying a book can't be in the library."[33]

Emmons stated that she supported the ability of people to challenge the selection and availability of library material according to a set of procedures previously established by the city of Wasilla. She also indicated that this discussion with Palin arose at a time when she was trying to help Wasilla's procedural policies become more similar to those established by the neighboring Mat-Su Borough which Emmons described as "a good process, and almost all public libraries have one." Emmons added that she suspected Palin might encourage a departure from those procedures. From 1986 to 2008, several books acquired by the Wasilla Public Library were challenged by various citizens as poor selections, such as a challenge to Heather Has Two Mommies in 1997. None of the challenged books were opposed or removed by Palin.[33][36]

Palin gave a signed letter to Emmons on January 30, 1997 stating: "I do not feel I have your full support in my efforts to govern the city of Wasilla. Therefore I intend to terminate your employment..."[22] This was the same day Palin gave a similar letter to Police Chief Stambaugh; Emmons as well as Stambaugh had publicly supported Palin's defeated mayoral opponent, John Stein.[37] Palin rescinded the firing of Emmons the next day after meeting with her and after what the Anchorage Daily News called "a wave of public support for Emmons."[37] Palin stated that her concerns had been alleviated, and that Emmons agreed to support Palin's plan to merge the town's library and museum operations.[22]

Taxes and spending

Due to income generated by a 2% sales tax that was enacted prior to her election, Palin was able to cut property taxes by 75% and to eliminate personal property and business inventory taxes.[16] She also secured funding for improvements to the roads and sewers.[18] She reduced spending on the town museum and prevented building of a new library and city hall, while putting in bike paths, and she was able to get funding for storm-water treatment in order to protect the region's many lakes.[16]

Campaign for reelection in 1999

Palin ran for re-election against Stein in 1999[38] and was returned to office by a margin of 909 to 292 votes.[39] Palin was also elected president of the Alaska Conference of Mayors.[40]

Palin wore a Buchanan button during a visit by presidential candidate Pat Buchanan in 1999, but Palin was a co-chair on the Alaska campaign of rival presidential candidate Steve Forbes in 2000. Shortly after wearing the Buchanan button, Palin responded to a newspaper article about it: "When presidential candidates visit our community, I am always happy to meet them. I’ll even put on their button when handed one as a polite gesture of respect....The article may have left your readers with the perception that I am endorsing this candidate, as opposed to welcoming his visit to Wasilla."

Second term as mayor

Taxes, borrowing and spending

According to Dianne M. Keller, who served on the city council when Palin was mayor and would later serve as mayor herself, Wasilla's budgets and tax receipts increased during Palin's terms as mayor, but much of that increase was caused by growth of the city. In the last two years of Palin's mayoralty alone, Wasilla's population grew roughly 13%. Democratic activist Anne Kilkenny claimed that during Palin's six years as mayor, general government expenditures increased by over 33%, while city taxes went up by 38%.[41]

The property tax rate fell from 2 mils to .5 mils under Palin. The sales tax rate increased from 2 percent to 2.5 percent (and was changed to include everything, even food purchases), and that increase was approved by voter referendum to pay off the city’s new sports complex. Voters also approved a bond issue for road improvements.[41] According to PolitiFact, when Palin took office, she inherited a long-term city debt of just over a million dollars and that debt increased to about $25 million by the time she left office. The big-ticket items responsible for the debt were: $14.7 million for the new multi-use sports complex; $5.5 million for street projects; and $3 million for water improvement projects. Because of economic growth, Keller anticipates that Wasilla can stop charging the extra .5 percent sales tax two years sooner than expected.[41]

Sports complex

During her second term as mayor, Palin introduced a ballot measure proposing construction of a municipal sports center to be financed by the 0.5% sales tax increase.[42] The $14.7 million Curtis D. Menard Memorial Sports Center was built on time and under budget, but cost the city an additional $1.3 million due to an eminent domain lawsuit caused by a failure to obtain legal ownership of the property before beginning construction.[42]

In 2001, the judge hearing the initial property dispute had ruled for the city and the city's attorney advised the city to proceed with construction; subsequently the judge reversed himself and ruled that the city had never signed the proper papers.[42][43]

CBS News obtained 86 pages of city council documents showing Palin sought to justify the tax increase to fund the sports complex partly because the private sector had not stepped in to fill the gap. She writes that the ice rink offers an opportunity for government to stop social ills like drug abuse and juvenile delinquency before they start.[44]

Federal funding

During her second term, Palin joined with nearby communities in jointly hiring the Anchorage-based firm of Robertson, Monagle & Eastaugh to lobby for earmarks for Wasilla. The effort was led by Steven Silver, a former chief of staff for Senator Ted Stevens,[45] and the firm secured nearly $27 million in earmarked funds for public and private entities in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, but only $7.95 million of that amount went to the Wasilla city government.[46] Earmarks from the firm included $500,000 for a youth shelter, $1.9 million for a transportation hub, $900,000 for sewer repairs, and $15 million for a rail project linking Wasilla and the ski resort community of Girdwood.[47] Earmark requests from this firm were criticized by Senator John McCain on three occasions,[48] but Palin was only involved in one of those three.[46]

Mayoral succession

In 2002, term limits prevented Palin from running for a third term as mayor.[3] Palin's pro-choice Democratic stepmother-in-law, Faye Palin, ran for the office but lost to Republican Dianne Keller,[49] who received Palin's endorsement.

Post-mayoral years

In 2002, Palin ran for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor, coming in second to Loren Leman in a five-way Republican primary.[50] The Republican ticket of U.S. Senator Frank Murkowski and Leman won the November 2002 election. When Murkowski resigned from his long-held U.S. Senate seat in December 2002 to become governor, he considered appointing Palin to replace him in the Senate, but chose his daughter, Lisa Murkowski, who was then an Alaskan state representative.[51]

Governor Murkowski appointed Palin to the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission.[52] She chaired the Commission beginning in 2003, serving as Ethics Supervisor.[53] Palin resigned in January 2004, protesting what she called the "lack of ethics" of fellow Republican members.[52][54]

After resigning, Palin filed a formal complaint against Oil and Gas Conservation Commissioner Randy Ruedrich, also the chair of the state Republican Party,[55] accusing him of doing work for the party on public time and of working closely with a company he was supposed to be regulating. She also joined with Democratic legislator Eric Croft[56] to file a complaint against Gregg Renkes, a former Alaskan Attorney General,[57] accusing him of having a financial conflict of interest in negotiating a coal exporting trade agreement,[58] while Renkes was the subject of investigation and after records suggesting a possible conflict of interest had been released to the public.[59] Ruedrich and Renkes both resigned and Ruedrich paid a record $12,000 fine.[53][54] From 2003 to June 2005, Palin served as one of three directors of "Ted Stevens Excellence in Public Service, Inc.," a 527 group designed to provide political training for Republican women in Alaska.[60] In 2004, Palin told the Anchorage Daily News that she had decided not to run for the U.S. Senate that year, against the Republican incumbent, Lisa Murkowski, because her teenage son opposed it. Palin said, "How could I be the team mom if I was a U.S. Senator?"[61]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Table 4: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Alaska, Listed Alphabetically: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007" (CSV). 2007 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 21, 2006. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
  2. ↑ Bennett, James (September 9, 2008). "Sarah Palin is not such a small-town girl after all". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on September 9, 2008. The four larger cities in Alaska are Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, and Sitka.
  3. 1 2 The Associated Press (August 29, 2008). "Timeline of Gov. Palin's life and career". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008.
  4. ↑ Wasilla Municipal Code section 2.04.030
  5. 1 2 Yardley, William (August 29, 2008). "Sarah Heath Palin, an Outsider Who Charms". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  6. 1 2 Levenson, Michael (September 3, 2008). "Palin's Alaskan town proud, wary". Boston Globe.
  7. ↑ "1992 Vote Results". City of Wasilla. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
  8. ↑ "1995 Vote Results". City of Wasilla. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
  9. 1 2 3 Becker, Jo (September 14, 2008). "Once Elected, Palin Hired Friends and Lashed Foes". New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
  10. ↑ Gargill, David. “Mystery, Alaska”, The National (October 3, 2008).
  11. ↑ Keller, Dianne M. (2010-11-18). "Reconsideration Requests of Library Materials". Office of the Mayor, City of Wasilla, www.cityofwasilla.com. We have no records of any books being “banned or censored” ever.
  12. ↑ Hoyt, Clark. “Make it Airtight,” New York Times (September 21, 2008).
  13. ↑ Oder, Norman. “LJ Talks to Wasilla Public Library Director KJ (Kathy) Martin-Albright,” Library Journal (October 13, 2008).
  14. ↑ Duties of Wasilla's mayor City of Wasilla website, retrieved 2010-11-19.
  15. 1 2 3 MacGillis, Alec (September 14, 2008). "As Mayor of Wasilla, Palin Cut Own Duties, Left Trail of Bad Blood". Washington Post. p. A1.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kizzia, Tom (October 23, 2006). "Part 1: 'Fresh face' launched Palin: Wasilla mayor was groomed from an early political age". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
  17. ↑ Johnson, Kaylene (2008). Sarah: How a Hockey Mom Turned Alaska's Political Establishment Upside Down. Epicenter Press. ISBN 0-9790470-8-0. p. 45.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yardley, William (September 2, 2008). "Palin's Start in Alaska: Not Politics as Usual". The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  19. ↑ "Wasilla's new mayor asks officials to quit". Daily Sitka Sentinel. Sitka, AK. October 28, 1996.
  20. 1 2 Sargent, Greg (September 18, 2008). "Did Palin's Pay As Wasilla Mayor Really Get Cut?". TPM Election Central. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  21. 1 2 3 Armstrong, Ken; Bernton, Hal (September 7, 2008). "Sarah Palin had turbulent first year as mayor of Alaska town". Seattle Times.
  22. 1 2 3 Komarnitsky, S.J. (February 1, 1997). "Wasilla keeps librarian, but police chief is out". Anchorage Daily News. pp. 1B. Retrieved August 31, 2008.
  23. ↑ Carlton, Jim; et al. (September 4, 2008). "Focus Turns to Palin Record". Wall Street Journal.
  24. 1 2 Komarnitsky, S.J. (March 1, 2000). "Judge Backs Chief's Firing". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  25. ↑ Isikoff, Michael; Mark Hosenball (September 13, 2008). "A Police Chief, A Lawsuit And A Small-Town Mayor". Newsweek.
  26. ↑ White, Rindi (October 1, 2006). "Palin shocked to learn she backs Fannon; MAYOR: Candidate spliced an old statement into a new ad". Anchorage Daily News.
  27. 1 2 Dilanian, Ken; Kelley, Matt (September 10, 2008). "Palin's town used to bill victims for rape kits". USA Today.
  28. ↑ Yellin, Jessica (September 21, 2008). "Palin's town charged women for rape exams". CNN.com.
  29. ↑ Bryson, George (September 11, 2008). "Critics: Under Palin, Wasilla charged rape victims for exam". The McClatchy Company.
  30. 1 2 Goode, Jo (May 22, 2000). "Knowles signs sexual assault bill". The Frontiersman. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  31. ↑ Keller, Dianne M."Re:Billing of Sexual Assault Victims for Forensic Exams". Office of the Mayor, City of Wasilla. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
  32. ↑ "FRONTIERSMAN EXCLUSIVE: Palin responds to questions". Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2008. Palin e-mail interview with Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman
  33. 1 2 3 4 Stuart, Paul (December 18, 1996). "Palin: Library censorship inquiries 'Rhetorical'". Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
  34. ↑ An e-mail to friends from Wasilla becomes Internet hit, Anchorage Daily News (mcclatchydc.com), 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
  35. ↑ Palin did not ban books in Wasilla as mayor USA Today access December 5, 2008
  36. ↑ Mooney, Brian. “Wasilla besieged by researchers”, Boston Globe (September 10, 2008).
  37. 1 2 White, Rindi (September 4, 2008). "Palin pressured Wasilla librarian". Anchorage Daily News. p. 1B. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
  38. ↑ Johnson, Kaylene (2008). Sarah. p. 65
  39. ↑ "October 5, 1999 Regular Election; Official Results" (PDF). cityofwasilla.com. City of Wasilla. October 11, 2005. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  40. ↑ "From Wasilla's basketball court to the national stage: Sarah Palin timeline". Anchorage Daily News. August 29, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  41. 1 2 3 “Numbers right, context missing”, Politifact.com from St. Petersburg Times and Congressional Quarterly (August 31, 2008).
  42. 1 2 3 Phillips, Michael M. (September 6, 2008). "Palin's Hockey Rink Leads To Legal Trouble in Town She Led". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
  43. ↑ Christiansen (July 26, 2002). "Wasilla told to go ahead: Jacobus tells council to proceed with arena". Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  44. ↑ "Palin: Government Can Fix Social Ills", CBS News (September 9, 2008)
  45. ↑ Dilanian, Ken (September 1, 2008). "Palin backed 'bridge to nowhere' in 2006". USA Today. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  46. 1 2 Schwartz, Emma. "Palin's Record on Pork: Less Sizzle than Reported". ABC News. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
  47. ↑ Krane, Paul (September 2, 2008). "Palin's Small Alaska Town Secured Big Federal Funds". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  48. ↑ Hamburger, Tom; Richard Simon; Janet Hook (September 3, 2008). "McCain had criticized earmarks from Palin". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 3, 2008.: "Three times in recent years, the Arizona senator's lists of 'objectionable' pork spending have included earmarks requested by his new running mate.... Wasilla received $11.9 million in earmarks from 2000 to 2003."
  49. ↑ "2002 Election Results".
  50. ↑ "State of Alaska Primary Election - August 27, 2002 Official Results" (PDF). Alaska Division of Elections. September 18, 2002. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  51. ↑ Gay, Joel (August 29, 2008). "The Sarah Palin I knew". New Mexico Independent. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  52. 1 2 Kizzia, Tom (October 24, 2006). "Part 2: Rebel status has fueled front-runner's success". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  53. 1 2 "Palin explains her actions in Ruedrich case". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  54. 1 2 Johnson, Kaylene (2008). Sarah. p. 80
  55. ↑ Zaki, Taufen; Dennis, Stephen (March 14, 2008). "Randy Ruedrich defiant, still employed". Alaska Report. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  56. ↑ "The Most Popular Governor". The Weekly Standard. July 16, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
  57. ↑ "Attorney General Gregg Renkes Resigns". Stories in the News. sitnews.us. February 6, 2005. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  58. ↑ "Personnel board drops complaint against Renkes". Juneau Daily News. March 8, 2005. Archived from the original on September 11, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
  59. ↑ Dobbyn, Paula (December 5, 2004). "Renkes Mixed Personal, State Business". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
  60. ↑ Mosk, Matthew (September 1, 2008). "Palin Was a Director of Embattled Sen. Stevens's 527 Group". Washington Post. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  61. ↑ Abcarian, Robin (September 4, 2008). "Sarah Palin's 'new feminism' is hailed: Outside the convention hall, questions are raised about the pro-life working mother's family responsibilities". Los Angeles Times.
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