Main Line (Sri Lanka)

Main Line
An intercity train, the Udarata Menike, runs through the scenic Sri Lankan hill country
Overview
Type	Intercity rail
System	Sri Lanka Railways
Termini	Colombo Fort Badulla
Operation
Opened	1864
Owner	Sri Lanka Railways
Operator(s)	Sri Lanka Railways
Technical
Track gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Electrification	No
Route map Main Line Legend Badulla Hali Ela Uduwara Demodara loop Demodara Ella Kithal Ella Heel Oya Kinigama Bandarawela Diyatalawa Haputale Tangamale Sanctuary Idalgashinna Ohiya Summit 1898.1m above MSL Pattipola Ambewela Horton Plains National Park Parakramapura Closed Udapussellawa Line Nanu Oya Radella Great Western Watagoda Upper Kotmale Reservoir Thalawakele Kotagala Hatton Rozella Ihala Watawala Watawala Dekinda Galboda Penrose Inguruoya Hightenford Mahaweli Ganga Nawalapitiya Warakawa Pallegama Ulapane Warakapitiya Thembiligala Wallahagoda Gampola Kahatapitiya Gangathilaka Weligalla Polgaha Anga Gelioya Koshinna Matale Line Peradeniya Junction Barammane Pilimatalawa Kadugannawa Weralugolla Balana Makehelwala Ihala Kotte Gangoda Yatiwaldeinya Kadigamuwa Rambukkana Kuda Oya Yatagama Tismalpola Panaliya Northern Line Polgahawela Junction Walakumbura Alawwa Bujjomuwa Yattalgoda Maha Oya Ambepussa Botale Wilwatta Mirigama Wijaya Rajadahana Ganegoda Pallewela Keenawala Wadurawa Veyangoda Heendeniya Pattiyagoda Magalegoda Bemmulla Daraluwa Gampaha Yagoda Ganemulla Bulugahagoda Batuwaththa Walpola Puttalam Line Ragama Junction Horape Ederamulla Hunupitiya Wanawasala Kelaniya Kelani River Dematagoda Kelani Valley Line Maradana St Sebastian Canal Colombo Fort Coast Line

The Main Line is a major railway line in the rail network of Sri Lanka. The line begins at Colombo Fort and winds through the Sri Lankan hill country to reach Badulla.

Route definition

Badulla Railway station

The Main Line starts from Colombo and runs east and north past the rapidly developing centers of Ragama, Gampaha, Veyangoda, and Polgahawela.

At Rambukkana, the Main Line begins its steep climb into the hills of the upcountry. Between Balana and Kadugannawa, the track clings to the side of sheer cliffs, offering passengers spectacular views of Batalegala ('Bible' Rock).

From Peradeniya Junction, a branch line reaches Kandy and Matale.

The Main Line then continues its climb through the scenic tea country, connecting busy local market centers at Gampola, Nawalapitiya, and Hatton before reaching Nanu Oya. This is the connection to the former colonial resort of Nuwara Eliya, still popular for its temperate climate, classic hotels, and British-style gardens. The Main Line continues its ascent to the summit at Pattipola, 6,226 feet above sea level, before descending past Bandarawela to Badulla. In the upcountry, passengers are rewarded with views of tea gardens, mountains and valleys, cascading torrents and waterfalls.^[1]

History

Early steam powered train on the Main line

The first segment of the Main line was opened in 1864, with the construction of the line from Colombo to Ambepussa, 54 kilometers to the east. This was the first rail line in the country. The first train ran on 27 December 1864. The line was officially opened for traffic on 2 October 1865. The main reason for building a railway system in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) was to transport tea and coffee from the hill country to Colombo.

The Main Line was extended in stages with service to Kandy beginning in 1867, to Nawalapitiya in 1874, to Nanu Oya in 1885, to Bandarawela in 1894, and to Badulla in 1924.^[1]

Till 1953, the Main line operated with steam locomotives. In the 1950s, service was enhanced with diesel locomotives, under the leadership of B. D. Rampala.^[2] Various types of diesel locomotives were added to the service.

In 2011, ExpoRail and Rajadhani Express began operating a premium section on trains on the Main Line. These services were launched to improve rail transport's appeal to the public.^[3][4] Sri Lanka Railways also began importing new diesel-multiple units to replace the aging rolling stock previously used on the line. Built by China's CSR Corporation Limited, the new S12 trainsets are designed to work on the steep gradients of the hill country.^[5] The commuter rail portion of the line, within the Colombo metropolitan area, is planned to be electrified, though no ground work has started.^[6]

Operators and service providers

Sri Lanka Railways operates most passenger services on the Main Line. Sri Lanka Railways' most notable services on the line includes the Udarata Menike, Podi Menike, Tikiri Menike, and Senkadagala Menike.

ExpoRail and Rajadhani Express operate premium services on the Main Line. They run premium carriages attached to Sri Lanka Railways-operated trains.^[3][7][8]

Infrastructure

Older railway infrastructure on the Main line, including a gantry of semaphore signals

The Main Line has a gauge of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge.^[2]

The Main Line is not electrified. Regular services run on diesel power. However, there are plans to electrify the commuter rail network, within Colombo. This includes the Main-line segment between Colombo Fort and Veyangoda.^[6]

Most of the line currently operates on a lock-and-block signaling system. The commuter rail section was upgraded to electric signalling in the mid-twentieth century. The system is connected to a centralised traffic control panel at Maradana Railway Station.^[2]

References

Rail transport in Sri Lanka
By Province	Central Province Eastern Province North Central Province Northern Province North Western Province Sabaragamuwa Southern Province Uva Western Province
Railway lines	Batticaloa Line Coastal Line Kelani Valley Line Main Line Mannar Line Matale Line Mihintale Line Northern Line Puttalam Line Trincomalee Line Uda Pussellawa railway (closed)
Stations	List of railway stations Railway stations by province List of railway stations by line
Trains	Locomotives Named passenger trains Boat mail
Operators/service providers	Sri Lanka Railways ExpoRail Rajadhani Express Viceroy Special
History	Railway accidents Bandarawela Hotel National Railway Museum