Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast
| Lyubavichi (English) Любавичи (Russian) ליובאוויטש (Yiddish) | |
|---|---|
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- Rural locality[1] - Village[1] | |
 Aerial view of Lyubavichi | |
.svg.png) Location of Smolensk Oblast in Russia | |
  Lyubavichi | |
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| |
| Administrative status (as of September 2008) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Smolensk Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Rudnyansky District[1] |
| Rural settlement | Lyubavichskoye Rural Settlement[1] |
| Administrative center of | Lyubavichskoye Rural Settlement[2] |
| Municipal status (as of April 2006) | |
| Municipal district | Rudnyansky Municipal District[3] |
| Rural settlement | Lyubavichskoye Rural Settlement[3] |
| Administrative center of | Lyubavichskoye Rural Settlement[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 1.44 km2 (0.56 sq mi) |
| Population (2007 est.) | 460 inhabitants |
| Density | 319.44/km2 (827.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[4] |
| First mentioned | c. 1654 |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 216774 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 48141 |
Lyubavichi (Russian: Люба́вичи; Yiddish: ליובאוויטש, Lyubavitsh; Polish: Lubawicze) is a rural locality (a village) in Rudnyansky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia.
History
The village is known to have existed in what was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since at least 1654.[6] In 1784, it was mentioned as a small town,[7] then a possession of the magnate Lubomirski family.[7] After the Partition of Poland, the village was annexed by the Russian Empire. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the village was occupied by Napoleonic troops for two weeks.[8]
In the days of the Russian Empire, the village was a shtetl in Orshansky Uyezd of Mogilev Governorate.[9] In 1857, it had a population of 2,500. According to another source from ca.1880, a total of 1516 inhabitants (978 Jews) were reported there. The village had 313 houses, two Russian Orthodox churches and two shuls, Jewish houses of prayer.[7]
In the late 19th–early 20th centuries, the largest market in Mogilev Governorate, with a turn-over of over 1.5 million rubles, was held in Lyubavichi. After the October Revolution, the Hasidic leadership left Lyubavichi. The Jewish population of the village gradually declined and secularized under pressure of the Communist government.
During World War II, on November 4, 1941, the Nazis and their collaborators massacred 483 local Jews. It was the period when they were invading the Soviet Union.[10]
The village is primarily known worldwide as the namesake and former headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism.[10]
Gallery
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Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (1789-1866), 3rd Rebbe of Chabad Hasidism is buried in Lyubavichi, along with his successor Shmuel Schneersohn (1834-1882)
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1882 map of White Russia regions. In the Russian Empire, Lyubavichi was a part of Mogilev Governorate (present-day Belarus)
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.jpg)
The Russian Empire Pale of Settlement where Jews were permitted to live. Shows Mogilev Governorate at the northeastern edge
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Jewish cemetery in Lyubavichi
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Chabad dynasty grave headstone
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Resolution #261, Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, Section Lyubavichskoye Rural Settlement of Rudnyansky District of Smolensk Oblast, line 1
- ↑ Resolution #261, Administrative-territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, Section 16
- 1 2 3 Law #76-z, Article 2.4
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Russian Post. Lyubavichi (Russian)
- ↑ "Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast". rediff.com. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, 1880-1914, Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego tom V, s. 392 (Polish)
- ↑ Изображенiе военныхъ дѣйствий первой армiи въ 1812 году, Главнокомандующего и Военнаго Министра, Барклая де Толли. Стр. 9 // Чтенія в Императорском обществѣ исторіи и древностей россійских при Московском университетѣ, выпуск 27. М: Унив. тип., 1858.
- ↑ Исполнительный комитет Смоленского областного совета народных депутатов. Государственный архив Смоленской области. "Административно-территориальное устройство Смоленской области. Справочник", изд. "Московский рабочий", Москва 1981. Стр. 250
- 1 2 Rural Localities in Smolensk Oblast: Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast, Petrovichi, Kadino, Smolensk Oblast, Katyn. Books LLC. 2010. ISBN 9781157133254.
Sources
- Администрация Смоленской области. Постановление №261 от 30 апреля 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области», в ред. Постановления №464 от 27 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Administration of Smolensk Oblast. Resolution #261 of April 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #464 of June 27, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast. ).
- Смоленская областная Дума. Закон №76-з от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования Руднянский район Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом», в ред. Закона №111-з от 23 ноября 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования Руднянский район Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Смоленской областной Думы и Администрации Смоленской области", №12, часть II, стр. 104, 5 декабря 2004 г. (Smolensk Oblast Duma. Law #76-z of December 1, 2004 On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of Rudnyansky District of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Whose Territories It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status, as amended by the Law #111-z of November 23, 2011 On Amending the Oblast Law "On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of Rudnyansky District of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Whose Territories It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status". Effective as of the official publication date.).