Lockyer Valley

For the Local Government Area, see Lockyer Valley Region.
Lockyer Valley
Valley
Warrego Highway looking towards Toowoomba
Country Australia
State Queensland
Region South East Queensland
River Lockyer Creek
Area 2,272 km2 (877 sq mi)
Population 38,312 (2014)
Density 0.17/km2 (0/sq mi)
Gatton is the largest town in the valley
Grandchester railway station

The Lockyer Valley is an area of rich farmlands that lies to the west of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and east of Toowoomba. The Lockyer Valley is rated among the top ten most fertile farming areas in the world as mentioned in page 13 of the Lockyer Valley Community Recovery Plan 2011. The intensively cultivated area grows the most diverse range of commercial fruit and vegetables of any area in Australia. The valley is referred to as "Australia's Salad Bowl" and has been described as one of Australia's premium food bowls.[1]

The valley is experiencing increasing urbanisation at both its eastern and western extremities. As commuters move into the area, its towns are becoming dormitory suburbs and satellite towns of the Brisbane-Ipswich conurbation in the east and Toowoomba in the west. Urban planning measures have been implemented to preserve the good quality agricultural land and rural feel of the valley. Such measures largely confine future development to non-arable land on the slopes of the hills.

Geography

Lower Lockyer Creek, 2011

The valley is enclosed on either side by the Great Dividing Range and lies within the Lockyer Valley Region local government area. The largest town in the Lockyer Valley is Gatton. Other centres include Laidley, Forest Hill, Grandchester, Grantham, Helidon, Withcott and Prenzlau.

Lockyer Creek and its tributaries drain the valley and forms a tributary of the Brisbane River that eventually empties into Moreton Bay. Many of the creeks in the valley are ephemeral.[2] The valley has a number of small dams that serve local storage needs, including Atkinson Dam built in 1970, Bill Gunn Dam and Lake Clarendon. 12 different land types have been identified in the valley.[2] The banks of waterways in the Lockyer Valley have been identified as the source of silt which caused problems for the Mount Crosby Pumping Station during the January 2013 Eastern Australia floods.[3] In 2014, $8 million was allocated to prevent soil erosion within the Lockyer Valley.[4]

History

In the 1840s the valley was settled and land clearing began.[2] Gatton was gazetted in 1855, making it one of Queensland's earliest European settlements.[5] The valley was populated by German immigrants under a scheme organised by Lutheran Pastor Heussler.[6]

The first rail line in the valley was opened in 1865 when the Ipswich to Grandchester services began operation. A small town developed in the 1870s while a small timber industry grew at about the same time.[6] Structures in the valley were damaged by a 4.4 magnitude earthquake that struck the area on 17 November 1960.[7] Between 1922 and 1960 the Laidley Valley railway line operated between Mulgowie and Laidley but was never profitable.

In 1994, a 41 hectare parcel of scrub, known as Berlin Scrub Nature Refuge, was the first land protected as a nature refuge under the Nature Conservation Act 1992[8] In January 2012, the Southern Queensland Correctional Centre near Gatton began operations.

Climate

With an average annual rainfall of 780 mm, the Lockyer Valley is the driest part of South East Queensland.[2] Rainfall is highly variable and droughts are experienced regularly.[2]

The Lockyer Valley typically experiences temperatures higher than the Brisbane region in summer, but colder in the winter. In November 2008, the valley experienced some of the worst flooding in its recorded history with farmers experiencing total crop failure. The flooding claimed the lives of livestock as well as an elderly female in the Forest Hill area, caught up in the flooding whilst driving.

This event was overshadowed by severe flooding in January 2011.[9] The towns of Withcott and Grantham were particularly hard hit. Flood related deaths were recorded in the communities of Spring Bluff, Murphys Creek, Grantham and Postmans Ridge.[10] Many council-owned bridges in the valley were either completely gone or partially destroyed.[11] To repair roads and drains the Lockyer Valley Region local government area initially estimated the repair bill to be A$176 million.[10]

In 2012, a solar powered, radar based, imaging system was installed to detect dramatic rises in creek water levels. The cameras monitor conditions from atop a five to six-metre high pole to avoid damage during floods. An LED spotlight is used to take photos at night. When a flood event is detected the system enters a mode where images are taken more frequently. Real time data is transmitted to the council's disaster centre.[12] The council spent $40,000 on the system.

Agriculture

A farmer working the fields, 1907

The valley's main agricultural activities are intensive horticulture, cropping and grazing.[2] Major crops grown in the areas include grains and vegetables.[2] Cultivation of turf and lucerne for both dairy and racehorses is also widespread.[13] Most of the water used in agriculture is sourced from below the surface.[2] Farmers in the valley produce around 40% of the fresh vegetables consumed in South East Queensland.[14] Most farms in the Lockyer Valley are small ranging from 100 to 1,000 hectares in size.[13]

The valley contains fertile black soils which support a $160 million-a-year vegetable industry.[15] A variable climate and all year cropping has placed significant strain on water supply from groundwater aquifers.[13] The viability of agriculture in the Lockyer Valley has been questioned after unreliable rains during drought, pest outbreaks and crop damage during severe weather have led to a decrease in agricultural productivity. Some farmers have instigated the use of laser measurements to ensure irrigation systems are optimally configured and yields are high. Recycled wastewater from the Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme could be used for irrigation in the Lockyer. The infrastructure is in place however the cost is prohibitive.[14]

Nearly all the nation's processing beetroot is grown in the Lockyer Valley.[16] In 2002, the number of beetroot farmers had reduced to just eight farms.[16] Golden Circle sources vegetables from the Lockyer Valley.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Quinn, Jamie; Sonia Kirby (2012). "3. The Challenges of Delivering a 'Sustainable Australia'". In Kinnear, Susan; Charters, Kate; Vitartas, Peter. Regional Advantage and Innovation: Achieving Australia's National Outcomes. Springer. p. 65. ISBN 3790827991. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Galbraith, R. (2009). Living in the Landscape: the Lockyer Valley. A guide to property and landscape management (PDF). Brisbane: South East Queensland Catchments Limited. pp. 6–13. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  3. ↑ Tony Moore (22 March 2013). "Urgent meetings over water sediment threat". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  4. ↑ Tony Moore (21 February 2014). "Government tackles Lockyer Valley erosion". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  5. ↑ Terry Ryder (5 February 2009). "Lockyer food bowl banks on diversification". The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  6. 1 2 Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) (2000). Heritage Trails of the Great South East. State of Queensland. p. 62. ISBN 0-7345-1008-X.
  7. ↑ Daniel Hurst (24 April 2008). "Qld earthquake risk real". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Digital. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  8. ↑ Kehoe, Jo (2008). "Voluntary Agreements in Queensland, Australia: Contributing Factors and Current Incentive Schemes". In Wilks, Sarah. Seeking Environmental Justice. Rodopi. p. 84. ISBN 9042023783. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  9. ↑ "Lockyer Valley flash floods death toll now at 13, after five more bodies found, dozens still missing". The Courier Mail. Queensland Newspapers. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  10. 1 2 "Valley damage bill more than $176m". The Chronicle. Toowoomba Newspapers. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  11. ↑ Melanie Maeseele (2 February 2011). "Lockyer to face $1b flood bill". Queensland Times. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  12. ↑ Fidelis Rego (24 July 2012). "Cameras to keep watch on Lockyer flood threat". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  13. 1 2 3 Baldwin, Claudio; Sonia Kirby (2011). "2. Understanding the social obligations of farmers". In Williams, Jacqueline; Martin, Paul; Martin, Paul V. Defending the Social Licence of Farming: Issues, Challenges and New Directions for Agriculture. Csiro Publishing. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0643101594. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  14. 1 2 "Lockyer recycled water needs government investment". Queensland Farmers Federation. 18 November 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  15. ↑ John McCarthy and Peter Morley (7 February 2009). "Lockyer Valley growers urged to move north where there's more rain". The Courier Mail. Queensland Newspapers. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  16. 1 2 Pip Courtney (13 October 2002). "United team on quest for better beets". Landline. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 12 May 2009.

Coordinates: 27°33′31.8″S 152°16′41.4″E / 27.558833°S 152.278167°E / -27.558833; 152.278167

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