List of stock market crashes and bear markets

This is a list of stock market crashes and bear markets.

Table

Name	Dates	Country	Causes	Ref
Kipper und Wipper	000000001623-01-01-00001623		A financial crisis caused by debased (fraudulent) foreign coins minted in the Holy Roman Empire from 1621-1623, done to raise funds at the start of the Thirty Years' War	[1]
Tulip mania Bubble	000000001637-01-01-00001637		A bubble (1633–37) in the Netherlands during which contracts for bulbs of tulips reached extraordinarily high prices, and suddenly collapsed	[2]
The Mississippi Bubble	000000001720-01-01-00001720		Banque Royale by John Law stopped payments of its note in exchange for specie and as result caused economic collapse in France.
South Sea Bubble of 1720	000000001720-01-01-00001720		Affected early European stock markets, during early days of chartered joint stock companies
Bengal Bubble of 1769	000000001769-01-01-00001769		Primarily caused by the British East India Company, whose shares fell from £276 in December 1768 to £122 in 1784
Credit crisis of 1772	000000001772-01-01-00001772
Financial Crisis of 1791-92	000000001791-01-01-00001791		Shares of First bank of US boom and bust in Aug and Sept 1791. Groundwork of Alexander Hamilton's cooperation with the Bank of New York to end this event would be crucial in ending the Panic of 1792 next year.
Panic of 1796–97	000000001796-01-01-00001796
Panic of 1819	000000001819-01-01-00001819
Panic of 1825	000000001825-01-01-00001825
Panic of 1837	000000001837-05-10-000010 May 1837
Panic of 1847	000000001847-01-01-00001847
Panic of 1857	000000001857-01-01-00001857
Panic of 1866	000000001866-01-01-00001866
Black Friday	000000001869-09-24-000024 Sep 1869
Panic of 1873	000000001873-05-09-00009 May 1873		Initiated the Long Depression in the United States and much of Europe
Paris Bourse crash of 1882	000000001882-01-19-000019 Jan 1882
Panic of 1884	000000001884-01-01-00001884
Encilhamento	000000001890-01-01-00001890		Lasting 3 years, 1890-1893, a boom and bust process that boomed in late 1880s and burst on early 1890s, causing a collapse in the Brazilian economy and aggravating an already unstable political situation.	[3][4][5][6]
Panic of 1893	000000001893-01-01-00001893
Panic of 1896	000000001896-01-01-00001896
Panic of 1901	000000001901-05-17-000017 May 1901		Lasting 3 years, the market was spooked by the assassination of President McKinley in 1901, coupled with a severe drought later the same year.
Panic of 1907	000000001907-10-01-0000Oct 1907		Lasting over a year, markets took fright after U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt had threatened to rein in the monopolies that flourished in various industrial sectors, notably railways.
Wall Street Crash of 1929	000000001929-10-24-000024 Oct 1929		Lasting over 4 years, the bursting of the speculative bubble in shares led to further selling as people who had borrowed money to buy shares had to cash them in, when their loans were called in. Also called the Great Crash or the Wall Street Crash, leading to the Great Depression.
Recession of 1937–38	000000001937-01-01-00001937		Lasting around a year, this share price fall was triggered by an economic recession within the Great Depression and doubts about the effectiveness of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policy.
Kennedy Slide of 1962	000000001962-05-28-000028 May 1962		Also known as the 'Flash Crash of 1962'	[7]
Brazilian Markets Crash of 1971	000000001971-07-01-0000July 1971		Lasting through the 1970s and early-1980s, this was the end of a boom that started in 1969, compounded by the 1970s energy crisis coupled with early 1980s Latin American debt crisis.	[8][9][10]
1973–74 stock market crash	000000001973-01-01-0000Jan 1973		Lasting 23 months, dramatic rise in oil prices, the miners' strike and the downfall of the Heath government.
Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash	000000001982-08-01-0000Aug 1982
Black Monday	000000001987-10-19-000019 Oct 1987
Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange Crash	000000001989-06-01-0000June 1989		Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange Crash, due to its weak internal controls and absence of credit discipline, that led to its collapse, and of which it never recovered	[11][12][13]
Friday the 13th mini-crash	000000001989-10-13-000013 Oct 1989		Failed leveraged buyout of United Airlines causes crash
Early 1990s recession	000000001990-07-01-0000July 1990		Iraq invaded Kuwait in July 1990, causing oil prices to increase. The Dow dropped 18% in three months, from 2,911.63 on July 3 to 2,381.99 on October 16,1990. This recession lasted approximately 8 months.
Japanese asset price bubble	000000001991-01-01-00001991		Lasting approximately twenty years, through at least the end of 2011, share and property price bubble bursts and turns into a long deflationary recession. Some of the key economic events during the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble include the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the Dot-com bubble. In addition, more recent economic events, such as the late-2000s financial crisis and August 2011 stock markets fall have prolonged this period.
Black Wednesday	000000001992-09-16-000016 Sep 1992		The Conservative government was forced to withdraw the pound sterling from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) after they were unable to keep sterling above its agreed lower limit.
1997 Asian financial crisis	000000001997-07-02-00002 July 1997		Investors deserted emerging Asian shares, including an overheated Hong Kong stock market. Crashes occur in Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, Philippines, and elsewhere, reaching a climax in the October 27, 1997 mini-crash.
October 27, 1997, mini-crash	000000001997-10-27-000027 Oct 1997		Global stock market crash that was caused by an economic crisis in Asia.
1998 Russian financial crisis	000000001998-08-17-000017 Aug 1998		The Russian government devalues the ruble, defaults on domestic debt, and declares a moratorium on payment to foreign creditors.
Dot-com bubble	000000002000-03-10-000010 March 2000		Collapse of a technology bubble.
Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks	000000002001-09-11-000011 Sep 2001		The September 11 attacks caused global stock markets to drop sharply. The attacks themselves caused approximately $40 billion in insurance losses, making it one of the largest insured events ever. See world economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks.
Stock market downturn of 2002	000000002002-10-09-00009 Oct 2002		Downturn in stock prices during 2002 in stock exchanges across the United States, Canada, Asia, and Europe. After recovering from lows reached following the September 11 attacks, indices slid steadily starting in March 2002, with dramatic declines in July and September leading to lows last reached in 1997 and 1998. See stock market downturn of 2002.
Chinese stock bubble of 2007	000000002007-02-27-000027 Feb 2007		The SSE Composite Index of the Shanghai Stock Exchange tumbles 9% from unexpected selloffs, the largest drop in 10 years, triggering major drops in worldwide stock markets.	[14][15][16]
United States bear market of 2007–09	000000002007-10-11-000011 Oct 2007		Till June 2009, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Nasdaq Composite and S&P 500 all experienced declines of greater than 20% from their peaks in late 2007.	[17][18]
Financial crisis of 2007–08	000000002008-09-16-000016 Sep 2008		On September 16, 2008, failures of large financial institutions in the United States, due primarily to exposure of securities of packaged subprime loans and credit default swaps issued to insure these loans and their issuers, rapidly devolved into a global crisis resulting in a number of bank failures in Europe and sharp reductions in the value of equities (stock) and commodities worldwide. The failure of banks in Iceland resulted in a devaluation of the Icelandic króna and threatened the government with bankruptcy. Iceland was able to secure an emergency loan from the IMF in November. Later on, U.S. President George W. Bush signs the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act into law, creating a Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to purchase failing bank assets. Had disastrous affects on the world economy along with world trade.	[19][20]
2009 Dubai debt standstill	000000002009-11-27-000027 Nov 2009		Dubai requests a debt deferment following its massive renovation and development projects, as well as the Great Recession. The announcement causes global stock markets to drop.	[21]
European sovereign debt crisis	000000002010-04-27-000027 April 2010		Standard & Poor's downgrades Greece's sovereign credit rating to junk four days after the activation of a €45-billion EU–IMF bailout, triggering the decline of stock markets worldwide and of the Euro's value, and furthering a European sovereign debt crisis.	[22][23][24]
2010 Flash Crash	000000002010-05-06-00006 May 2010		The Dow Jones Industrial Average suffers its worst intra-day point loss, dropping nearly 1,000 points before partially recovering.	[25]
August 2011 stock markets fall	000000002011-08-01-00001 Aug 2011		Stock markets around the world plummet during late July and early August, and are volatile for the rest of the year.
2015–16 Chinese stock market crash	000000002015-06-12-000012 June 2015		China stock market crash starts in June and continues into July and August. In January 2016, Chinese stock market experiences a steep sell-off which sets off a global rout.	[26][27][28][29][30]
Aftermath of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016	24 June 2016		World Markets tumble after the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. Investors lost more than the equivalent of 2 trillion United States dollars on 24 June 2016, making this day the worst single day drop in history according to data from S&P Global. The losses were extended to a combined total of the equivalent of 3 trillion dollars by additional selling on 27 June 2016 according to data from S&P Global.	[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

See also

• List of recessions in the United States
• List of economic crises
• List of recessions in the United Kingdom
• Economic bubble
• List of banking crises
• List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average

Notes

References

• Sobel, Robert (1988). Panic on Wall Street: A Classic History of America's Financial Disasters with a New Exploration of the Crash of 1987. New York: Truman Talley Books/Dutton. ISBN 0-525-48404-3.