List of shortest-lived sovereign states
This is a list of the shortest-lived sovereign states.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Legend
Widely recognized, but not a UN member
Limited recognition
No recognition
List
Short and formal names | Declared | Dissolved | Lifespan | Predecessors | Successors | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russia – Russian Democratic Federative Republic | January 19, 1918 | 0 days, 6 hours | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | |||
Abu Dhabi – Emirate of Abu Dhabi | December 1, 1971 | December 2, 1971 | 1 day | Trucial States | United Arab Emirates | |
Ajman – Emirate of Ajman | ||||||
Benin – Republic of Benin | September 19, 1967 | September 20, 1967 | 1 day | Biafra | Nigeria | Puppet state of Biafra |
Carpatho-Ukraine | March 15, 1939 | March 16, 1939 | 1 day | Czechoslovakia | Kingdom of Hungary | |
Crimea – Republic of Crimea | May 5, 1992 | May 6, 1992[1] | 1 day | Ukraine | ||
Crimea – Republic of Crimea | March 17, 2014 | March 18, 2014[2][3] | 1 day | Ukraine | Russia | Declared unilateral independence from Ukraine, which continues to claim it as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. Recognized only by Russia. |
Dubai – Emirate of Dubai | December 1, 1971 | December 2, 1971 | 1 day | Trucial States | United Arab Emirates | |
Fujairah – Emirate of Fujairah | ||||||
Galicia – Republic of Galicia | June 27, 1931 | June 28, 1931 | 1 day | Kingdom of Spain | Second Spanish Republic | |
Republic of Puerto Rico | September 23, 1868 | September 24, 1868 | 1 day | Kingdom of Spain | El Grito de Lares - diverse groups of people fighting together for the revolutionary change of Puerto Rican society. | |
Sharjah – Emirate of Sharjah | December 1, 1971 | December 2, 1971 | 1 day | Trucial States | United Arab Emirates | |
Umm al-Quwain – Emirate of Umm al-Quwain | ||||||
Faroe Islands | September 18, 1946 | September 20, 1946 | 2 days | Kingdom of Denmark | ||
Mindanao – Federal Republic of Mindanao | October 4, 1990 | October 6, 1990 | 2 days | Philippines | ||
Republic of Ploiești | August 8, 1870 | August 9, 1870 | 2 days | Kingdom of Romania | ||
State of Somaliland | June 26, 1960 | July 1, 1960 | 5 days | British Somaliland | Somali Republic | |
Hungary – Hungarian People's Republic | August 2, 1919 | August 8, 1919 | 6 days | Hungarian Soviet Republic | Hungarian Republic | |
Hunan Soviet | September 7, 1927 | September 14, 1927 | 7 days | Republic of China | Created by Mao Zedong. | |
Prekmurje – Republic of Prekmurje | May 29, 1919 | June 6, 1919 | 8 days | Austria-Hungary | Kingdom of Hungary | |
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | ||||||
East Timor – Democratic Republic of East Timor | November 28, 1975 | December 7, 1975 | 9 days | Portugal | Indonesia | Declared independence from Portugal, but was soon after joined to Indonesia. Independence restored on May 20, 2002. |
Kruševo Republic – Republic of Kruševo | August 3, 1903 | August 13, 1903 | 10 days | Ottoman Empire | Political entity proclaimed in 1903 by rebels from the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization in Kruševo during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising. | |
Alsace-Lorraine – Republic of Alsace-Lorraine | November 10, 1918 | November 22, 1918 | 12 days | German Empire | French Third Republic | The state was proclaimed when the sovereignty of the region was being transferred. |
Connacht – Provisional Government of the Province of Connacht | August 27, 1798 | September 8, 1798 | 12 days | Kingdom of Ireland | Recognized only by the French First Republic. | |
Western Bosnia – Republic of Western Bosnia | July 26, 1995 | August 7, 1995 | 12 days | Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana | December 29, 1860 | February 8, 1861 | 13 days | United States | Confederate States | |
Banat Republic | November 1, 1918 | November 15, 1918 | 14 days | Austria-Hungary | Kingdom of Romania | Recognized only by Hungary. |
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | ||||||
State of Singapore[4] | August 31, 1963 | September 16, 1963 | 17 days | Self-governance of Singapore | Singapore in Malaysia | |
Soviet Slovakia | June 16, 1919 | July 7, 1919 | 21 days | Czechoslovakia | Czechoslovakia | Puppet state of the Hungarian Soviet Republic |
Hungarian Soviet Republic | ||||||
Republic of Kuwait[5] | August 4, 1990 | August 28, 1990 | 24 days | Kuwait | Ba'athist Iraq | Puppet state of Ba'athist Iraq. |
Republic of Alba (1944) | October 10, 1944 | November 2, 1944 | 24 days | Italian Social Republic | A local resistance against Italian fascism during World War II. The one of 20 Italian Partisan Republics | |
California Republic | June 14, 1846 | July 9, 1846 | 25 days | Mexico | United States | |
Bremen Soviet Republic | January 10, 1919 | February 4, 1919 | 25 days | Weimar Republic | The republic proclaimed by the workers of Bremen and Bremerhaven, in the context of the upsurge of the revolutionary struggle in Germany.[6] The revolutionary government in Bremerhaven were toppled 8–9 February 1919. | |
Bavarian Soviet Republic | April 6, 1919 | May 3, 1919 | 27 days | Weimar Republic | ||
Alabama Republic – Alabama Republic | January 11, 1861 | February 8, 1861 | 28 days | United States | Confederate States | |
Florida – Republic of Florida | January 10, 1861 | 29 days | ||||
Texas – Republic of Texas | February 1, 1861 | March 2, 1861 | 29 days | |||
Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi | January 9, 1861 | February 8, 1861 | 30 days | |||
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs | October 29, 1918 | December 1, 1918 | 33 days | Austria-Hungary | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | |
West Florida – Republic of West Florida | September 23, 1810 | October 27, 1810 | 34 days | Spanish West Florida | United States | |
Transcaucasian Federation – Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic | April 22, 1918 | May 28, 1918 | 36 days | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | First Republic of Armenia | |
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic | ||||||
Democratic Republic of Georgia | ||||||
Labin Republic | March 2, 1921 | April 8, 1921 | 37 days | Kingdom of Italy | ||
Biak-na-Bato – Republic of the Philippines | November 1, 1897 | December 15, 1897 | 44 days | Spanish East Indies | ||
Sovereign Tagalog Nation | First Philippine Republic | |||||
Republic of Ossola | September 8, 1944 | October 23, 1944 | 45 days | Italian Social Republic | A local resistance against Italian fascism during World War II. The one of 20 Italian Partisan Republics | |
Democratic Republic of Yemen | May 21, 1994 | July 7, 1994 | 47 days | Yemen | ||
Palmetto Republic – Republic of South Carolina | December 20, 1860 | February 8, 1861 | 50 days | United States | Confederate States | |
Land of Iceland – Kingdom of Island | June 26, 1809 | August 22, 1809 | 58 days | Denmark | Danish adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen managed to arrest the governor and proclaimed himself Protector of Iceland, promising that he would reinstate the Althing as soon as the Icelandic people were able to govern themselves. | |
Inner Mongolian People's Republic | September 9, 1945 | November 6, 1945 | 58 days | Soviet occupation of Manchuria | Communist-controlled China (1927–49) | |
Mali Federation | June 20, 1960 | August 20, 1960 | 62 days | French Senegal, French Sudan | Senegal, Mali | |
Saskatchewan – Provisional Government of Saskatchewan | March 19, 1885 | May 20, 1885 | 62 days | Canada | ||
Bangsamoro Republik – United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik | July 27, 2013 | September 28, 2013 | 64 days | Philippines | ||
Commune of the Working People of Estonia | November 29, 1918 | February 1, 1919 | 65 days | Estonia | Puppet state of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic during the Estonian War of Independence. Officially disestablished later in exile, on 5 June 1919. | |
United Baltic Duchy | September 22, 1918 | November 28, 1918 | 67 days | German Empire | Latvian Provisional Government Estonia |
Client state of the German Empire |
Spanish Haiti – Republic of Spanish Haiti | November 30, 1821 | February 9, 1822 | 71 days | Santo Domingo | Ozama and the Cibao | |
Soviet Republic of Naissaar – Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar | December 17, 1917 | February 26, 1918 | 72 days | Russian Soviet Republic | Ober Ost | A Soviet Republic on a tiny Estonian island in the aftermath of the October Revolution and during the time of dual power in the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia. |
Ras al-Khaimah – Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah | December 1, 1971 | February 11, 1972 | 72 days | Trucial States | United Arab Emirates | |
Lower California – Republic of Baja California | November 3, 1853 | January 21, 1854 | 79 days | Mexico | Republic of Sonora | |
Komancza Republic | November 4, 1918 | January 23, 1919 | 80 days | Austria-Hungary | Second Polish Republic | |
The Great Republic of Rough and Ready | April 7, 1850 | July 4, 1850 | 88 days | USA | The town Rough and Ready declared its secession from the Union as "the Great Republic of Rough and Ready" in 1850, largely to avoid mining taxes, but voted to rejoin the Union the following year.[7] | |
Rauracian Republic | December 17, 1792 | March 23, 1793 | 96 days | Prince-Bishopric of Basel | French Republic | Client state of France. |
Vemerana – Republic of Vemerana | May 28, 1980 | September 1, 1980 | 96 days | New Hebrides | Vanuatu | Recognized only by France. |
Azawad – Independent State of Azawad | April 6, 2012 | July 12, 2012 | 97 days | Mali | ||
Tanna – Nation of Tanna | May 24, 1974 | June 29, 1974 | 97 days | New Hebrides | ||
Finland – Finnish Democratic Republic | December 1, 1939 | March 12, 1940 | 102 days | Finland | Soviet Union | Recognized only by the Soviet Union.
Incorporated in 1940 as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic. |
Zanzibar – People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba | January 12, 1964 | April 26, 1964 | 104 days | Sultanate of Zanzibar | Tanzania | Recognized by most Eastern Bloc states. |
Juliana Republic | July 24, 1839 | November 15, 1839 | 114 days | Empire of Brazil | ||
Moldavian Republic – Moldavian Democratic Republic | December 15, 1917 | April 9, 1918 | 115 days | Russian Republic | Kingdom of Romania | |
Sonora – Republic of Sonora | January 10, 1854 | May 8, 1854 | 118 days | Lower California | Mexico | |
Mexico | ||||||
Hungary – Hungarian State | April 14, 1849 | August 13, 1849 | 121 days | Hungarian Kingdom | Hungarian Kingdom | |
Hungary – Hungarian People's Republic | November 16, 1918 | March 21, 1919 | 125 days | Hungarian Kingdom | Hungarian Soviet Republic | |
Mirdita – Republic of Mirdita | July 17, 1921 | November 20, 1921 | 126 days | Principality of Albania | Recognized only by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | |
Republic of Užice | July 28, 1941 | December 1 1941 | 129 days | Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Axis occupation of Serbia | |
Soviet Hungary – Hungarian Soviet Republic | March 21, 1919 | August 1, 1919 | 133 days | Hungarian People's Republic | ||
Texas – Republic of Texas | April 6, 1813 | August 18, 1813 | 134 days | New Spain | ||
Parthenopean Republic | January 21 1799 | June 13 1799 | 143 days | Kingdom of Naples | Recognized only by the French First Republic and Puppet state of the French First Republic | |
Roman Republic (19th century) | February 9, 1849 | July 2, 1849 | 144 days | Papal States | One of Italian revolutionary state in 1848-49. | |
Syria – Arab Kingdom of Syria | March 8, 1920 | July 24, 1920 | 138 days | Occupied Enemy Territory Administration | State of Aleppo | |
State of Damascus | ||||||
Jabal Druze State | ||||||
Ezo – Republic of Ezo | January 27, 1869 | June 27, 1869 | 151 days | Tokugawa Shogunate | Empire of Japan | Recognized by France and the United Kingdom. |
Formosa – Democratic State of Taiwan | May 23, 1895 | October 21, 1895 | 151 days | Qing Dynasty | Empire of Japan | |
Hutsul Republic | January 8, 1919 | June 11, 1919 | 154 days | Austria-Hungary | Czechoslovakia | |
West Ukrainian People's Republic | ||||||
Cabinda – Republique du Kabinda | August 1, 1975 | January 4, 1976 | 156 days | Cabinda Province | Angola | |
Arab Federation | January 1, 1958 | July 30, 1958 | 169 days | Kingdom of Iraq | Iraqi Republic | |
Jordan | ||||||
Zimbabwe Rhodesia – Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia | June 1, 1979 | December 12, 1979 | 194 days | Rhodesia | Southern Rhodesia | |
Dubrovnik Republic (1991) | 15 October 1991 | 4 May 1992 | 202 days | Croatia | ||
Hungary – Hungarian Republic | August 8, 1919 | February 29, 1920 | 205 days | Hungarian People's Republic | Kingdom of Hungary | |
SSR Abkhazia – Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia | May 21, 1921 | December 16, 1921 | 209 days | Democratic Republic of Georgia | Soviet Union | |
Tafea – Tafea Nation | February 14, 1958 | August 2, 1958 | 211 days | New Hebrides | Vanuatu | |
Genoa – Republic of Genoa | April 26, 1814 | January 7, 1815 | 211 days | First French Empire | Kingdom of Sardinia | |
Political Committee of National Liberation | 10 March 1944 | 9 October 1944 | 214 days | Hellenic State (1941–44) | Kingdom of Greece | |
Freistaat Schwenten | January 5, 1919 | August 10, 1919 | 218 days | German Empire | Weimar Republic | After the 1st World war the townsfolk of Schwenten took their fate into their own hands, the inhabitants of Schwenten declared their independence — and their neutrality. When it became clear that Schwenten would remain part of Germany, the state disbanded itself on 10 August 1919, declaring itself part of Germany. This only took effect on 9 June 1920, when the Treaty of Versailles came into force.[8] |
Markovo Republic | October 31, 1905 | June 18, 1906 | 231 days | Russian Empire | One of about 14 local authorities, who founded the first Russian Revolution of 1905. | |
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia | March 8, 1918 | November 8, 1918 | 245 days | German Empire | Latvian Provisional Government | Client state of the German Empire |
Ukraine – Ukrainian State | April 29, 1918 | December 14, 1918 | 249 days | Ukrainian People's Republic | Directorate of Ukraine | |
Bagysstan – Independent Bagys-Kazakh Republic | December 30, 2001 | September 9, 2002 | 254 days | Uzbekistan | Kazakhstan | A period of a territorial dispute between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: the Uzbek village of Kazakh residents declaring independence, in September after the national agreement village for compensation becomes a Kazakh territory |
Lithuania – Kingdom of Lithuania | February 16, 1918 | November 9, 1918 | 266 days | German Empire | Lithuania | Client state of the German Empire |
West Ukraine – West Ukrainian People's Republic | October 18, 1918 | July 17, 1919 | 272 days | Austria-Hungary | First Czechoslovak Republic | |
Second Polish Republic | ||||||
Kingdom of Romania | ||||||
Ukrainian People's Republic | ||||||
Goshen – State of Goshen | October 24, 1882 | August 6, 1883 | 286 days | No predecessor | United States of Stellaland | |
White Ruthenian Democratic Republic – Belarusian People's Republic | March 25, 1918 | January 5, 1919 | 286 days | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic | The Rada of the BDR is the oldest existing government in exile. |
Second Polish Republic | ||||||
Ukrainian People's Republic | ||||||
Acre – Third Republic of Acre | January 27, 1903 | November 11, 1903 | 288 days | Bolivia | Brazil | |
Rio Grande – Republic of the Río Grande | January 17, 1840 | November 6, 1840 | 294 days | Mexico | Mexico | |
Republic of Texas | ||||||
United States of Belgium | January 11, 1790 | December 2, 1790 | 325 days | Habsburg Monarchy | ||
North Solomons – Republic of the North Solomons | September 1, 1975 | August 7, 1976 | 341 days | Papua & New Guinea | ||
Iranian Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan People's Government | November 1945 | November 1946 | ~1 year | Pahlavi dynasty | Puppet state of the Soviet Union | |
Stellaland – Republic of Stellaland | July 26, 1882 | August 6, 1883 | 1 year and 11 days | No predecessor | United States of Stellaland | |
France – Kingdom of France (1791–92) | 3 September 1791 | 21 September 1792 | 1 year and 18 days | Kingdom of France | First French Empire | |
Rhenish Republic | October 21, 1923 | November 26, 1924 | 1 year and 37 days | Occupation of the Ruhr | ||
Italian Regency of Carnaro | September 12, 1919 | December 30 1920 | 1 year and 110 days | Corpus separatum (Fiume) | Free State of Fiume | |
Mexico – First Mexican Empire | July 21, 1821 | March 19, 1823 | 1 year and 250 days | Viceroyalty of New Spain | Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24) | |
United Provinces of Central America | ||||||
Confederate States | February 4, 1861 | May 5, 1865 | 4 years | United States |
States used for comparison
Short and formal names | Declared | Lifespan | Predecessors |
---|---|---|---|
South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan | July 9, 2011 | 5 years, 151 days | Sudan |
Niue | October 19, 1974 | 42 years, 49 days | New Zealand |
References
- ↑ http://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/status-of-crimea-under-existing-constitution-of-ukraine/
- ↑ "Putin Reclaims Crimea for Russia and Bitterly Denounces the West". The New York Times. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- ↑ "State Duma adopts documents on Crimea's joining the Russian Federation". ITAR-Tass. March 20, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- ↑ Lee Kuan Yew declares de facto independence for Singapore
- ↑ Schofield, Clive. The Middle East And Africa. p. 147.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
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