List of privatizations

This list of privatizations provides links to notable and/or major privatizations.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Privatizations by country

Argentina

Aerolíneas Argentinas - the former national carrier; renationalized in 2009
Agua y Energía Eléctrica - national electricity-production company; partitioned and sold
Buenos Aires Metro - given under concession but still owned by the State
Empresa Nacional de Correos y Telégrafos (ENCoTel) - given under concession as Correo Argentino. Re-nationalized in 2003
ENTel (national telecommunications company) - partitioned and sold to France Télécom and to Spanish Telefónica
Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) - sold to Lockheed Martin
Ferrocarriles Argentinos - railway-lines all over the country (some in the process of re-nationalization under the Kirchner administration)
Gas del Estado - national gas company partitioned and sold, among others, to the Spanish Gas Natural
Obras Sanitarias (water company), given as a concession to the French conglomerate Suez, which operates it under the name Aguas Argentinas; re-nationalized in 2006 as Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos (AySA)
Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) - national oil-company sold to the Spanish Repsol. The Argentinian government in 2004 set up a new state oil company (Enarsa) from scratch, which proved of no use. In 2012, the Argentine Government expropriated 51% of the shares of YPF owned by Repsol.

Australia

Commonwealth Bank of Australia
Commonwealth Industrial Gases
Commonwealth Oil Refineries
Commonwealth Serum Laboratories
Electricity and natural gas supply companies in Victoria
Government Cleaning Service in New South Wales
Government Insurance Office in New South Wales
Government Printing Service in New South Wales
Public transport in Melbourne
Qantas
Sydney Airport
Telstra
State-owned betting-agencies in most states
Many long-distance and urban passenger railway services
All freight railway services
Most State-owned banks

Bahrain

Bahrain Telecommunications Co. (Q1 2005, $800 million)

Bolivia

Czechoslovakia

Virtually everything after the Velvet Revolution in 1989; see voucher privatization for details.

Egypt

The Shebin spinning and weaving factory in Menoufia in the Nile Delta was on strike against/locked out by its new non-Egyptian owners in the wake of the 2011 revolution. Workers and maybe the military now in control of the state were favoring re-nationalization, according to one report. "[L] iberal economic policy is tarred with [the old regime's] corruption," said Michael Wahid Hanna, in Cairo for the U.S.-based Century Foundation.^[1] Indorama, the new Indonesian/Thai^[2] owner of Shebin,^[3] was not quoted in the report. Looking further back to 2000, "well considered public spinners" Shebin El Kom and STIA, were then considered to have a "redundant labor problem ... [but] would otherwise be attractive privatization buying or leasing opportunities for private investors."^[4] In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of Alexandria, remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."^[5] See also Privatization#Notable examples.

France

1980s

Compagnie Générale d'Electricité became Alcatel (1987)
Havas (1987)
Matra (1988)
Paribas - privatized in 1987 and merged with BNP to form BNP Paribas
Saint-Gobain - created in 1665 by minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert; privatized in 1986
Société Générale privatized in 1987
Suez - privatized and merged with the stated-owned Gaz de France (GDF) in 2008 to form GDF Suez
TF1 - first TV channel of France, privatized in 1987

1990s

France Télécom Now Orange S.A (1998)
Arcelor (1995)
Assurances Générales de France (1996)
Bull (1997)
CNP Assurances (1998)
Compagnie générale transatlantique (1996) - merged with CMA to form CMA-CGM
Crédit Industriel et Commercial (1998)
Crédit local de France (1991) now Dexia
Le Crédit Lyonnais (1999)
Elf Aquitaine - privatized in 1994; absorbed by Total
Eramet (1999)
Gan (1998)
Pechiney (1995)
Renault (1996) - the French state still have 15.01% of the shareholding
SEITA (1995) - now Altadis
Total
Union des Assurances De Paris (1994)

2000s

Aéroports de Paris - the French State remains the major shareholder: 52%
Air France - opening shareholding open in 1999. Merged with KLM and merged to form: Air France-KLM (as 2004, the French State remain 44%). As of 2012, the French State remains 15.8%. ^[6]
Credit Lyonnais (a bank ;– privatized in 2001)
Électricité de France (EDF) (in December 2005 France sold 30% of EDF)
French Highway Concession
- A'lienor - sold to Eiffage (65%) and Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (35%)
- Alis - sold to Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France
- Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie - sold to Vinci
- Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France - sold to Abertis (52,5%); the rest is owned by other investors
- Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhône - sold to Eiffage
- Autoroutes du Sud de la France - sold to Vinci
- Arcour - sold to Vinci
- Atlandes - sold to Colas Group (subsidiaries of Bouygues) and other investors
- Cofiroute - sold to Vinci
Gaz de France (GDF) - Prime minister Dominique de Villepin announced a merger between GDF and Suez; since the state owns 80% of GDF, a privatization of GDF would require the passing of a new law; the state would control only 34% of the capital of the new group: see commentary.
Orange S.A. (formerly France Télécom) (the French State has owned under 50% of Orange since September 2004) - the French State remains (including ERAP): 26,94%
Pages Jaunes (Yellow Pages) (in 2004 France sold 32% of Pages Jaunes for €1.25 billion)
Snecma (in 2004 France sold 35% of Snecma for €1.45 billion)
Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (2000) - merged with DASA and CASA to form the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company
Thomson Multimédia
- Thomson Multimédia - now Technicolor
- Thomson-CSF - now Thales Group; the French State remains 27%
SNCM (Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée) - ferry-company; privatized at the end of 2005; the French State remains 25% in SNCM

Greece

Olympic Airways - at first, then Olympic Airlines; the Hellenic State attempted to privatise the ailing airlines five times, more or less, from 2004 onwards. The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012.
OPAP (Lottery and Betting Monopoly) - privatization completed in 2008, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold
OTE (Οργανισμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος / Hellenic Telecommunications Company) - became partly privatised in the 1990s, when its only shareholder at the time, the Hellenic State, reduced its share of the company to 36%
Starting in 2012, a rescue package for the Greek government-debt crisis required a major round of privatization^[7] which was managed through the Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund.^[8]

Hong Kong

The Link REIT
Mass Transit Railway Corporation (renamed MTR Corporation Limited)
Hong Kong Mail Service

Honduras

Iceland

Main article: List of privatisations in Iceland

Búnaðarbanki Íslands hf - privatized in 1999–2003
Landsbanki Íslands hf - privatized in 1999–2003
Landssími Íslands hf - privatized in 2005
Skýrr hf - privatized in 1997–1998

Indonesia

Iraq

(planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the United States-sponsored government

Ireland

ACCBank - sold to Rabobank
Aer Lingus - floated on the stock market; state retains 25%
British and Irish Steampacket Company Limited - sold to Irish Continental Group
Cablelink - sold to NTL Ireland; formerly held 50/50 by Telecom Éireann and Raidió Teilifís Éireann, both state-owned at the time
ICC Bank - sold to Bank of Scotland
Irish Life - sold to Irish Permanent
Irish National Petroleum Corporation - all assets sold to ConocoPhillips, still exists in law
Irish Steel - transferred ownership to Ispat, firm bankrupt, no longer exists
Irish Sugar - floated on stock market as Greencore; state retains one share for veto purposes
Nítrigin Éireann - sold to its other shareholder in Irish Fertiliser Industries, Richardsons, final firm called IFI, no longer exists
Telecom Éireann - floated on the stock market
TSB Bank - sold to Irish Life and Permanent

Italy

INA Assitalia
Enel S.p.A. (1999 32% €16.6 billion, 2003 6.6% €2.2 billion, 2004 20% €7.5 billion) ^[10]
Eni
IRI (among which are Autostrade s.p.a., Credito Italiano)
Telecom Italia
Terna (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004) ^[11]

Japan

Japan Airlines
Japan Highway Public Corporation
Japan Post (half-privatized)
Japan Railways Group (formerly Japanese National Railways)
Japan Tobacco
New Tokyo International Airport Authority (Narita)
Nippon Express
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

Jordan

Aramex International (Q1 2005, 75% for $150–200 million)
Jordan Telecom
Queen Alia's Airport

Korea

Korea Electric Power (KEPCO; half-privatized)
Korea Telecom
KOGAS
KT&G (Korea Tobacco & Ginseng)
POSCO (Pohang Iron & Steel)

Kuwait

Kuwait Finance House (November 2004, 25% of the company for $1 billion)

Malaysia

Johor Water Corporation
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad - national railway company
Malaysia Airlines
Malaysia Airports Holdings
Pasir Gudang Local Authority
Pos Malaysia - national postal services
Senai International Airport
Telekom Malaysia
Tenaga National Berhad - national electricity-generation and distribution

1,150 public companies, including banks, railroads, the telephone company, mines, roads, TV stations, ports, airports, airlines, sugar mills, and retirement funds. Now they are going to privatize PEMEX, the oil company, and CFE, the electricity company.

Morocco

Netherlands

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
PTT, the mail and telecom company

New Zealand

Air New Zealand - privatized in 1989, subsequently rescued by the Crown in 2001
Auckland Airport
Bank of New Zealand - semi-privatized in 1987; rescued by the Crown in 1990; sold off in 1992
Electricity Corporation of New Zealand (ECNZ) - part of which became privatized as Contact Energy in the period 1995 - 1998
Government Print
Ministry of Works and Development
Natural Gas Corporation (NGC), ultimately absorbed into Vector Limited
New Zealand Steel - privatized from 1987, now part of BlueScope Steel
The Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) - bought by the ANZ bank in 1989
Telecom New Zealand - privatized in 1990
New Zealand Rail Limited - privatized in 1993, became Tranz Rail Limited in 1995; the government subsequently repurchased the track lease
various council-controlled organisations formerly owned by territorial authorities: see also Local Authority Trading Enterprises (LATEs)

Norway

Arcus (sold to Sucra in 2001)
Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse (sold to Nordea in 2000)
DnB NOR (floated on the stock market in 1995, government retains 34%)
Finnmark Fylkesrederi og Ruteselskap (sold to Veolia Transport Norge in 2003)
Fredrikstad Energi (49% sold to Fortum)
Kongsberg Gruppen (floated on the stock market in 1993, government retains 50%)
Norsk Medisinaldepot (sold to Celesio in 2001)
NSB Gods (now CargoNet, partially sold to Green Cargo in 2002, NSB retains 55%)
Oslo Energi (parts merged with Hafslund)
Postbanken (merged with DnB NOR in 1999)
Statkorn (floated on the stock market as Cermaq in 2000, government retains 44%)
Statoil (floated on the stock market in 2001, government retains 71%)
Telenor (floated on the stock market in 2000, government retains 54%)
TrønderBilene (66% sold to Fosen Trafikklag in 1999)
Østfold Energi (parts sold to Fortum in 2001)
Årdal og Sunndal Verk (merged with Norsk Hydro in 1986)

Pakistan

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

ANA - Aeroportos de Portugal (Portuguese airports)
CIMPOR
CTT - Portuguese post
EDP - Energia de Portugal
Fidelidade - the insurance part of the CGD public bank
GALP - national petroleum company
Portugal Telecom - national telecommunications company
REN - Rede Eléctrica Nacional
TAP - airline

Qatar

Q-Gas (Q1 2005, 50% for $600 million)

Romania

Electrica - electricity distributor
Petrom - national petroleum company
Romtelecom - national telecommunications company
Sidex - steelworks

Russia

Saudi Arabia

Al-Bilad Bank (2008, 50%)
Bank Al-Inma (2008, 70%)
Government Hotels (2005, 100% of King Abdullah International Convention Centre in Jeddah and Ritz Carlton in Riyadh)
Maaden (2008, 50%)
National Commercial Bank (2014, 25%)
Riyad Bank (2008, 58%)
SABIC (1984, 30%)
Saudi Arabian Airlines (2006, split into 10 business units, 5 of which were privatized)
Saudi Electric Company (2000, 26%)
Saudi Ports (1997, 27 management contracts were given out to various ports around the Kingdom)
Saudi Real Estate Company (2003, 50%)
Saudi Telecom Company (2002, 30%)

Singapore

Port of Singapore Authority (1997)
Post Office Savings Bank (bought by DBS Bank in 1998 and rebranded as POSBank)
Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (1994, as the Television Corporation of Singapore; later renamed MediaCorp in 2001) - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
Singapore Post - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
Singapore Power - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
Singapore Telecommunications (1992) - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms

Slovakia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

1980s

ASEA-ATOM (1981) - sold to Asea
Luxor AB (1984)
SSAB (1986–1994)
UV Shipping (1988)

1990s

AssiDomän
Celsius
Cementa
Enator
Företagskapital
Industrikredit AB
Lantbrukskredit AB
Nordbanken (partial)
OKPetroleum
Pharmacia
PharmaciaUpjohn
SAKAB
SAQ Kontrol
SBL Vaccin
SEMKO
SSAB (wholly privatised in 1994)
Stadshypotek AB
Svalöf
Svensk Fastighetsvärdering
Svenska Statens Språkresor AB
Swedish Real Estate Valuation Corp
VPC AB

2000s

Celsius AB
Grängesbergs Gruvor
Kurortsverksamhet
Nordbanken
OMX - stock exchange - shares sold to Borse Dubai for 2.1 billion SEK.^[12]
SAKAB
SGAB
Svenska Lagerhus
Svenska
Vin & Sprit - sold to Pernod Ricard for 5,626 billion euro^[13]

Planned privatisations

Apoteket (partial, 2009)^[14]
Nordea (19.5% owned by Swedish government)^[15]
SBAB
SAS (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)^[16]
Telia Sonera^[17] (37.3% owned by the Swedish government)

^[18]

Tanzania

Turkey

Further information: Privatization Board of Turkey

(Listing Scope >US $ 10 M.)^[19]

1980s

ANKARA ÇIMENTO
ANSAN-MEDA
BALIKESİR ÇIMENTO
PINARHİSAR ÇIMENTO
SÖKE ÇIMENTO

1990s

ADIYAMAN ÇİMENTO
ANADOLUBANK
AŞKALE ÇİMENTO
BARTIN ÇİMENTO
BOZÜYÜK Seramik
ÇİNKUR
ÇORUM ÇİMENTO
DENİZBANK
DENİZLİ ÇİMENTO
ELAZIĞ ÇİMENTO
ERGANİ ÇİMENTO
ETİBANK
FİLYOS
GAZİANTEP ÇİMENTO
GÜNES SİGORTA
HAVAŞ
IPRAGAZ
İSKENDERUN ÇİMENTO
KARS ÇİMENTO
KONYA KROM MAN.A.Ş.
KÜMAŞ
KURTALAN ÇİMENTO
LADİK ÇİMENTO
LALAPAŞA ÇİMENTO
METAŞ
PETLAS
RAY SIGORTA
ŞANLIURFA ÇİMENTO
SİVAS ÇİMENTO
SÜMERBANK
TRABZON ÇİMENTO
TÜRK KABLO
VAN ÇİMENTO
YARIMCA PORSELEN T.A.Ş.

2000s

Adapazarı Sugar Fac.
ASİL ÇELİK
ATAKÖY Hotel
ATAKÖY Marina
ATAKÖY TOURISM
BAŞAK INSURANCE
BAŞAK RETIREMENT FUND
BET KÜTAHYA ŞEKER
BURSAGAZ
ÇAYELİ BAKIR İŞL.A.Ş.
Cyprus Turkish Airlines
DENİZ NAKLİYATI T.A.Ş.
ESGAZ
ETI ALUMINIUM
ETİ BAKIR
ETİ ELEKTROMETALURJI
ETİ GÜMÜŞ A.Ş.
ETİ KROM A.Ş.
GÜVEN SİGORTA
DİV-HAN
TAKSAN
TÜRK TELEKOM

Ukraine

Kryvorizhstal

United Arab Emirates

Damas Jewelry (November 2004, 55% of the company for $224 million)

United Kingdom

**Privatisations by share offer, 1981-91** From Nigel Lawson, *The View from No. 11* (Bantam, 1992).
Date	Company	% of equity initially sold	Proceeds £m
Feb 1981	British Aerospace	51.6	150
Oct 1981	Cable & Wireless	50	224
Feb 1982	Amersham International	100	71
Nov 1982	Britoil	51	549
Feb 1983	Associated British Ports	51.5	22
June 1984	Enterprise Oil	100	392
July 1984	Jaguar	99	294
Nov 1984	British Telecom	50.2	3,916
Dec 1986	British Gas	97	5,434
Feb 1987	British Airways	100	900
May 1987	Rolls-Royce	100	1,363
July 1987	British Airports Authority	100	1,281
Dec 1988	British Steel	100	2,500
Dec 1989	Regional Water Companies	100	5,110
Dec 1990	Electricity Distribution Companies	100	5,092
Mar 1991	National Power and PowerGen	60	2,230
May 1991	Scottish Power and Scottish Hydro Electric	100	2,880

United States

Conrail
Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
Railway Express Agency
Student Loan Marketing Association (SLM Corporation) (Sallie Mae)

References

Sample Firms Privatized Through Public Share Offerings, 1961-August 2000 - Appendix to Juliet D’Souza, William L. Megginson (1999), "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms during the 1990s", Journal of Finance August 1999
Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA) M&A - Academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including privatization

Footnotes

↑ Amos, Deborah, "In Egypt, Revolution Moves Into The Factories", NPR, April 20, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
↑ "The Indorama Group", company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
↑ "Indorama Shebin Textiles Co. S.A.E", company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
↑ "The impact of privatization and policy reforem on the cotton spinning industry in Egypt", Prime Contractor: Abt Associates Inc.; sponsored by Government of Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and United States Agency for International Development; November, 2000. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
↑ STIA Home, company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
↑ http://www.airfranceklm-finance.com/en/Shares/Capital-structure-and-equity-threshold-declarations
↑ http://www.npr.org/2013/02/07/171294406/privatization-of-greek-assets-runs-behind-schedule
↑ http://www.hradf.com/
↑
↑ http://pepei.pennnet.com/News/Display_News_Story.cfm?Section=WireNews&Category=HOME&NewsID=109120]
↑
↑ "Regeringen har sålt hela OMX-innehavet". Dagens Industri. 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
↑ "Pernod wins auction for Vin & Sprit". The Local. 2008-03-31. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
↑ Regeringen överens om att sälja apotek
↑ Shareholders | Nordea.com
↑ Scandinavian Airlines
↑ Privata Affärer - Staten fick 18 miljarder för aktierna i Teliasonera
↑ Munkhammar, J. "Försäljning av statliga bolag under tre decennier", Timbro, 2007, http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf
↑ Privatization in Turkey, Republic Of Turkey Prime Ministry Privatization Administration, 2010, http://www.oib.gov.tr/program/uygulamalar/privatization_in_turkey.htm

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List of privatizations

Privatizations by country

1980s

1990s

2000s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Planned privatisations

1980s

1990s

2000s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

See also

References

Footnotes