List of prehistoric echinoid genera
Echinolampas
This list of prehistoric echinoids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be echinoids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered echinoids.
Naming conventions and terminology
Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:
- Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
- Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
- Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
- Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
- Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.
The list
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| Genus |
Authors |
Year |
Status |
Age |
Location |
Notes |
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Abatus |
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Abertella |
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Acanthechinus |
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Acriaster |
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Acrocidaris |
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Acrolusia |
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Acropeltis |
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Acrosalenia |
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Acrosaster |
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Actinophyma |
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Adytaster |
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Aeolopneustes |
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Agassizia |
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Aguayoaster |
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Albertechinus |
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Allocentrotus |
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Allomma |
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Allotoxaster |
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Alpicidaris |
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Ambipleurus |
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Amblypgus |
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Amblypneustes |
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Ammotrophus |
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Amoraster |
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Amphiope |
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Anaulocidaris |
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Ancylocidaris |
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Anisaser |
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Anisocidaris |
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Anorthopygus |
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Antillaster |
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Apatopygus |
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Aphelaster |
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Apoxypetalum |
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Aprilechinus |
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Arachniopleurus |
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Arachnoides |
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Araeosoma |
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Arbacia |
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Arbacina |
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Arbia |
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Archaechinus |
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Archaeocidaris |
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Archiacia |
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Arnaudaster |
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Asaphechinus |
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Asterocidaris |
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Asterostoma |
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Asthenosoma |
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Astriclypeus |
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Astrodapsis |
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Astrolampus |
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Astropygaulus |
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Atactus |
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Atelospatangus |
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Atlasaster |
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Atopechinus |
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Aulechinus |
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Aurelianaster |
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Australanthus |
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Austrocidaris |
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Balanocidaris |
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Barnumia |
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Basseaster |
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Baueria |
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Besairecidaris |
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Boletechinus |
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Bothriocidaris |
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Bothryopneutes |
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Bramus |
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Breynia |
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Brightonia |
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Brisaster |
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Brissolampas |
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Brissomorpha |
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Brissopatagus |
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Brissopneustes |
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Brissopsis |
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Brissus |
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Brochechinus |
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Brochopleurus |
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Caenholectypus |
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Caenocidaris |
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Cagaster |
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Calilampus |
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Calocidaris |
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Camerogalerus |
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Cardabia |
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Cardiaster |
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Cardiolampas |
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Cardiopelta |
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Cardiotaxis |
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Caribbaster |
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Cassidulus |
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Catopygus |
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Cavanechinus |
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Centropygus |
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Centrostephanus |
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Cestobrissus |
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Chelonechinus |
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Cheopsia |
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Chondrocidaris |
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Chuniola |
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Cibaster |
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Cidaris |
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Cidaropsis |
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Cionobrissus |
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Circopeltis |
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Claviaster |
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Cleistechinus |
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Cluniaster |
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Clypeanthus |
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Clypeaster |
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Clypeolampas |
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Clypeopygus |
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Clypeus |
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Codechinus |
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Codiopsis |
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Coelopleurus |
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Colliclypeus |
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Collyrites |
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Collyropsis |
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Colpotiara |
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Conoclypus |
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Conulus |
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Coptodiscus |
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Coraster |
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Corechinus |
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Corthya |
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Coryslus |
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Cottaldia |
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Cotteaudia |
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Cottreaucorys |
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Cravenechinus |
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Crinocidaris |
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Crucibrissus |
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Cryptechinus |
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Cubanaster |
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Cyamidia |
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Cyathocidaris |
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Cyclaster |
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Cyclolampas |
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Daradaster |
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Delocidaris |
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Dendraster |
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Deneechinus |
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Desmechinus |
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Desorella |
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Devonocidaris |
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Diadema |
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Diademopsis |
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Dialyaster |
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Dictyopleurus |
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Dicyclocidaris |
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Diplechinus |
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Diplocidaris |
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Diplodetus |
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Diplopodia |
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Diploporaster |
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Diplosalenia |
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Diplotagma |
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Disaster |
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Discholectypus |
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Discoides |
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Distefanaster |
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Ditremaster |
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Dixieus |
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Dixonia |
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Domechinus |
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Dorocidaris |
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Douvillaster |
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Dubarechinus |
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Dumblea |
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Duncaniaster |
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Duperieria |
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Durhamella |
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Echinanthus |
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Echinarachnius |
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Echinocardium |
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Echinocorys |
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Echinocyamus |
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Echinocyphus |
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Echinocyphus |
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Echinocystites |
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Echinodiscus |
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Echinogalerus |
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Echinolampas |
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Echinometra |
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Echinoneus |
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Echinopedina |
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Echinopsis |
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Echinostrephus |
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Echinothuria |
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Echinotiara |
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Echinus |
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Ectinechinus |
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Ellipsechinus |
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Enallopneustes |
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Encope |
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Endeodiadema |
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Engelia |
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Enichaster |
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Entomaster |
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Eodiadema |
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Eogaleropygus |
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Eosalenia |
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Eoscutella |
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Eoscutum |
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Eothuria |
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Epiaster |
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Erbechinus |
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Eucidaris |
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Eupatagus |
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Eurhodia |
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Eurypetalum |
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Eurypneustes |
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Eurysalenia |
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Evechinus |
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Faorina |
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Farquharsonia |
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Faujasia |
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Fauraster |
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Fellaster |
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Fellius |
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Fernandezaster |
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Fibularia |
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Fibulaster |
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Fibulina |
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Firmacidaris |
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Fossulaster |
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Fournierechinus |
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Fourtaunia |
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Gagaria |
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Galeaster |
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Galeola |
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Galeraster |
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Galerites |
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Galeroclypeus |
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Galeropygus |
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Ganbirretia |
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Garumnaster |
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Gauthieria |
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Gauthiosoma |
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Gentilia |
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Gibbaster |
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Gillechinus |
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Giraliaster |
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Gitolampas |
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Globator |
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Glyphocyphus |
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Glyphopneustes |
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Glypotocidaris |
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Glyptechinus |
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Glypticus |
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Glyptocyphus |
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Gomphechinus |
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Gongrochanus |
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Goniocidaris |
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Goniophorus |
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Goniopygus |
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Goniosigma |
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Gonzalezaster |
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Gotlandechinus |
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Gracilechinus |
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Grammechinus |
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Granobrissoides |
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Graphepleurus |
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Grasia |
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Gualtieria |
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Guettaria |
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Gymnocidaris |
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Gymnodiadema |
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Habanaster |
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Hagenowia |
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Haimea |
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Hardouinia |
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Hattopsis |
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Heliocidaris |
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Heliophora |
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Helodiadema |
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Hemiaster |
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Hemicara |
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Hemicidaris |
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Hemidiadema |
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Hemifaorina |
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Hemigymnia |
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Hemipedina |
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Hemipneustes |
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Hemithylus |
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Hemitiaris |
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Hernandezaster |
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Herreraster |
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Hesperaster |
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Hessotiara |
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Heteraster |
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Heterobrissus |
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Heterocentrotus |
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Heterocidaris |
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Heterodiadema |
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Heterolampas |
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Heteropedina |
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Heterosalenia |
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Hikelaster |
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Hirudocidaris |
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Histocidaris |
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Holaster |
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Holcopneustes |
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Holectypus |
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Homoeaster |
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Homoeopetalus |
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Hupea |
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Huttonechinus |
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Hyattechinus |
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Hyboclypus |
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Hypechinus |
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Hypodiadema |
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Hypopygurus |
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Hyposalenia |
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Hypsopatagus |
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Hypsopygaster |
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Hysteraster |
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Idiocidaris |
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Iheringiella |
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Ilarionia |
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Infraclypeus |
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Infulaster |
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Iraniaster |
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Irenechinus |
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Isaster |
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Isechinus |
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Ismidaster |
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Isomicraster |
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Isopetalum |
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Isopneustes |
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Jacksonaster |
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Jacquiertia |
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Jeannetia |
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Jeronia |
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Karlaster |
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Kephrenia |
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Kertaster |
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Kewia |
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Kierechinus |
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Kina |
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Kongielechinus |
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Koninckocidaris |
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Labrotaxis |
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Laevipatagus |
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Laganum |
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Lajanaster |
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Lambertechinus |
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Lambertiaster |
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Lambertona |
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Lampadaster |
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Lampadocorys |
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Lanieria |
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Lanternarius |
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Laticlypus |
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Ledidocidaris |
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Lefortia |
|
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Leiocyphus |
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Leioechinus |
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Leiopedina |
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Leiostomaster |
|
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Lenicyamidia |
|
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Leniechinus |
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Lenita |
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Lenticidaris |
|
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Leodia |
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Lepidechinoides |
|
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Lepidechinus |
|
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Lepidesthes |
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Lepidocentrus |
|
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|
Leptechinus |
|
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Leptocidaris |
|
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|
|
Leptopleurus |
|
|
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|
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|
|
Leptosalenia |
|
|
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Leurocidaris |
|
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Levicidaris |
|
|
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|
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Leviechinus |
|
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Linthia |
|
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Loriolella |
|
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Loriolia |
|
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Loriolipedina |
|
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Lovenechinus |
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Lovenia |
|
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Lovenilampas |
|
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Lutetiaster |
|
|
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|
|
Lytechinus |
|
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|
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|
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Maccoya |
|
|
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|
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|
|
Macraster |
|
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|
|
Macrodiadema |
|
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|
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Macropneustes |
|
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|
|
Magnosia |
|
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|
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|
|
Maretia |
|
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|
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|
|
Mariania |
|
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|
|
Martinechinus |
|
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|
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|
|
Mattsechinus |
|
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|
|
Mauritanaster |
|
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|
|
Mazzettia |
|
|
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|
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|
|
Medocechinus |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Meekechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Megacidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Megapetalus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Megapneustes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Megaporocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mellita |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mellitella |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Melonechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Menocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Menopygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Menuthiaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Meoma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mepygurus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Merocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Merriamaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mesodiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mesodiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Messaoudia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metalia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metaporinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metholectypus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Micraster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Microcyphus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Microdiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Microlampas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Micropedina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Micropsis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Migliorinia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mikrocidarió |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minicidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mirechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moira |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moiropsis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mokotibaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monodiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monophoraster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monostychia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moronaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortensenaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortonella |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mundaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Murravechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Myriastiches |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Narindechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neobothriocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neocatopygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neoglobator |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neolaganum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neoproraster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neorumphia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nipponaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nipponaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noetlingaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nordenskjoeldaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortonechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notolampas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nucleolites |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nucleopygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nudechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nudobrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ochetes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oedematocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oligophyma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oligoporus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oligopygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oolopygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opisopneustes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opissaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbignyana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ornithaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orthaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orthocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orthopsis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oustechnius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oviclypeus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ovulaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ovulechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pachycidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palaechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palaeodiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palaeodiscus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palaeopedina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palaeostoma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paleopneustes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palhemiaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palmeraster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palmerius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parabrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paracidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paradoxechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paraheteraster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parapygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parasalenia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parascutella |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paraster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parhabdocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parmulechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paronaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parvicidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paurocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pedina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pedinopsis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pedinothuria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pelanechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pelanodiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pentechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pentedium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peraspatangus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Periarchus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Periaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peribrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pericosmus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perischocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perischodomus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peronella |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peronellites |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Petalobrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phalacrocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phalacropedina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharaonaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pholidechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pholidocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phyllacanthus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phyllobrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phymechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phymopedina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phymosoma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phymotaxis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pictaviechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pileus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pisolampas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plagiobrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plagiochasma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Platipygus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Platybrissus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plegiocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pleiechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pleiocyphus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plesiaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plesiocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plesiolampas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plesiopatagus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pleurodiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pliolampas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plococidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polycidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polycyphus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polydesmaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polydiadema |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyplacida |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polysalenia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polytaxicidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pomaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Porechinus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poriocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Porocidaris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Poropeltaris |
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Porosoma |
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Porpitella |
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Pourtalesia |
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Prenaster |
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Printechinus |
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Prionechinus |
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Prionocidaris |
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Procidaris |
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Proescutella |
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Progonechinus |
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Proholaster |
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Pronechinus |
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Prophyllacanthus |
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Proraster |
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Prosostoma |
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Protenaster |
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Proterocidaris |
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Protobrissus |
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Protocidaris |
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Protolampas |
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Protoscutella |
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Prowillungaster |
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Psammechinus |
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Psephechinus |
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Psephoaster |
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Pseudananchys |
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Pseudarbacia |
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Pseudarbacina |
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Pseudechinus |
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Pseudholaster |
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Pseudobrissus |
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Pseudocentrotus |
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Pseudocidaris |
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Pseudodiadema |
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Pseudodicoptella |
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Pseudoffaster |
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Pseudogibbaster |
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Pseudolinthia |
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Pseudopedina |
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Pseudopygaulus |
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Pseudopygurus |
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Pseudorthopsis |
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Pseudosalenia |
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Pseudosorella |
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Pseudowashitaster |
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Pusillaster |
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Pygaster |
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Pygaulus |
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Pygidiolampas |
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Pygomalus |
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Pygopistes |
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Pygopyrina |
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Pygorhynchus |
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Pygorhytis |
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Pygospatangus |
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Pygurostoma |
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Pygurus |
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Pyrina |
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Rachiosoma |
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Radiobrissus |
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Radiocyphus |
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Radiolus |
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Recrosalenia |
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Remondella |
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Rhabdocidaris |
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Rhenechinus |
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Rhopostoma |
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Rhyncholampas |
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Rhynchopygus |
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Rhynobrissus |
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Rispolia |
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Rojasia |
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Rotula |
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Rotuloidea |
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Royasendia |
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Rumphia |
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Runa |
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Salenia |
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Salenidia |
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Salmacis |
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Samlandaster |
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Sanchezaster |
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Sanchezella |
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Santeelampas |
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Sardocidaris |
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Savainiaster |
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Scagliaster |
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Scaphechinus |
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Scaptodiadema |
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Schizaster |
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Schizechinus |
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Schizopneustes |
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Scolechinus |
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Scoliechinus |
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Scutaster |
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Scutella |
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Scutellaster |
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Scutellina |
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Scutellinoides |
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Scutulum |
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Semipetalion |
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Serpianotiaris |
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Seunaster |
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Silurocidaris |
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Sinaecidaris |
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Sismondia |
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Somalechinus |
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Somaliaster |
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Spaniocyphus |
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Spatagoides |
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Spatangomorpha |
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Spatangus |
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Sphaerechinus |
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Sphaerotiaris |
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Stegaster |
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Stegopygus |
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Stenechinus |
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Stenoaster |
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Stereocidaris |
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Sternotaxis |
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Stigmatopygus |
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Stirechinus |
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Stomaporus |
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Stomechinus |
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Stomopneutes |
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Strongylocentrotus |
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Studeria |
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Stylocidaris |
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Taimanawa |
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Taphraster |
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Tarphypygus |
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Tatechinus |
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Temnechinus |
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Temnocidaris |
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Temnopleurus |
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Temnotrema |
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Tenuirachnius |
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Termieria |
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Tessieria |
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Tetracidaris |
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Tetragramma |
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Tetraramania |
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Thagastea |
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Thierychinus |
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Tholaster |
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Thylechinus |
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Tiarechinopsis |
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Tiarechinus |
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Tiaridia |
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Tiaromma |
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Titanaster |
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Tithonia |
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Togocyamus |
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Tornquistellus |
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Tournoueraster |
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Toxaster |
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Toxopatagus |
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Toxopneustes |
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Trachypatagus |
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Tretocidaris |
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Triadechinus |
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Triadocidaris |
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Triassicidaris |
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Triplacidia |
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Tripneustes |
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Tripylus |
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Trisalenia |
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Trochalosoma |
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Trochodiadema |
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Trochoechinus |
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Trochotiara |
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Turanglaster |
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Tylocidaris |
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Unibothriocidaris |
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Unifascia |
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Valsalenia |
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Vaquerosella |
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Verbeekia |
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Vernius |
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Victoriaster |
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Vinchuscanchaia |
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Vologesia |
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Vomeraster |
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Washitaster |
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Weisbordella |
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Willungaster |
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Winkleria |
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Wrightia |
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Wuarnia |
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Wythella |
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Xenechinus |
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Xenocidaris |
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Xysteria |
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Zardinechinus |
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Zenocentrotus |
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Zeuglopleurus |
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Zeugopleurus |
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Zuffardia |
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Zumoffenia |
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See also
References