List of musical works in unusual time signatures

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Listed here are musical compositions or pieces in Western music that have unusual time signatures. "Unusual" is here defined to be any time signature other than simple time signatures with top numerals of 2, 3, or 4 and bottom numerals of 2, 4, or 8, and compound time signatures with top numerals of 6, 9, or 12 and bottom numerals 4, 8, or 16.[1]

The conventions of musical notation typically allow for more than one written representation of a particular piece. The chosen time signature largely depends upon musical context, personal taste of the composer or transcriber, and the graphic layout on the written page. Frequently, published editions were written in a specific time signature to visually signify the tempo for slow movements in symphonies, sonatas, and concerti. The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor "Quasi una fantasia", Op. 27, No. 2, by Ludwig van Beethoven, popularly known as the Moonlight Sonata, includes two examples: in the relatively slow first movement the predominant rhythm is in triplet eighth notes (quavers), whereas in the second movement the basic tempo is faster but the music is notated in quarter notes (crotchets) and half notes (minims), giving a visual clue to the nature of the phrasing. The first movement could be written in 12
8
and still convey the same rhythm, phrasing, and tempo. Similarly, the second movement could be notated in 3
8
instead of 3
4
without changing the phrasing.[2] More to the point of the present article, a perfectly consistent unusual metrical pattern may be notated in a more familiar time signature that does not correspond to it. For example, the Passacaglia from Britten's opera Peter Grimes consists of variations over a recurring bass line eleven beats in length, but is notated in ordinary 4
4
time, with each variation lasting 2¾ bars, and therefore commencing each time one crotchet earlier than the preceding one.[3]

These examples are grouped by time signature, and listed alphabetically by title.

35/4

Partially in 35
4

⅔/2 and ⅔/4

Partially in
2
or
4

45/4

Partially in 45
4

1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, or 1/64

Partially in 1
1
, 1
2
, 1
4
, 1
8
, 1
16
, 1
32
, or 1
64

1/12

Partially in 1
12

1½/4

Partially in
4

4/3/2 or 4/3/4

Partially in 4/3
2
or 4/3
4

2/1

Partially in 2
1

2/3

Partially in 2
3

2/16

2/32

Partially in 2
32

2½/4

Partially in
4

3/1

Partially in 3
1

3/16

Partially in 3
16

3/32

Partially in 3
32

3½/4

Partially in
4

32/2/4

3⅔/4

4/16

Partially in 4
16

4½/4

Partially in
4

5/1, 5/2, 5/4, 5/8, 5/16, 5/32, 5/64, or 5/128

Main article: Quintuple meter

5½/4

Partially in
4

6/2

Partially in 6
2

6½/8

Partially in
8

7/1, 7/2, 7/4, 7/8, 7/16, 7/32, 7/64, or 7/128

Main article: Septuple meter

8/4 or 8/8

Note: 8
4
or 8
8
may refer to an evenly divided compound duple or quadruple meter. While this is arguably extremely common in music, the notations "8
4
" and "8
8
" themselves are not, so all divisions of this time signature are listed here.

Partially in 8
4
, 8
8
, or 8
16

9/2, 9/4 or 9/8

Time signatures that group nine beats into three groups of three are very common in music. This section only lists other groupings, such as 2+3+2+2.

Partially in 9
2
, 9
4
, or 9
8

9/32

Partially in 9
32

10/4, 10/8 or 10/16

Partially in 10
4
, 10
8
or 10
16

11/4 or 11/8

Partially in 11
4
or 11
8

12/12

12/32

13/4, 13/8, or 13/16

Partially in 13
4
or 13
8

15/8 or 15/16

Other than compound quintuple meter:

Partially in 15
4
, 15
8
or 15
16

17/4 or 17/8

Partially in 17
4
or 17
8

18/8 or 18/16

See also: Sextuple meter

19/4, 19/8, or 19/16

Partially in 19
4
, 19
8
, or 19
16

20/4 or 20/8

Partially in 20
4
or 20
8

21/4, 21/8, 21/16, or 21/32

See also: Septuple meter

Partially in 21
4
, 21
8
, 21
16
or 21
32

22/8

23/4 or 23/16

Partially in 23
4
or 23
16

24/1 or 24/16

25/8 or 25/16

Partially in 25
8
or 25
16

26/8

29/16

32/8

Partially in 32
8

33/8

Partially in 33
8

34/8

Partially in 34
8

42/8

Partially in 42
8

43/16

Partially in 43
16

47/16

Partially in 47
16

87/8

Partially in 87
8

142/8

Partially in 142
8

Combined unusual signatures

See also

Notes and references

  1. Ian Waugh first lists 2
    2
    , 2
    4
    , 2
    8
    , 3
    2
    , 3
    4
    , 3
    8
    , 4
    2
    , 4
    4
    , 4
    8
    , 6
    4
    , 6
    8
    , 6
    16
    , 9
    4
    , 9
    8
    , 9
    16
    , 12
    4
    , 12
    8
    , and 12
    16
    (Waugh 2003, 76), then says "we've listed all the popular time signatures" (Waugh 2003, 77).
  2. Ted Ross, The Art of Music Engraving and Processing: A Complete Manual, Reference and Text Book on Preparing Music for Reproduction and Print, 3rd edition, revised (Miami: Hansen Books; Santa Rosa, CA: NPC Imaging/Shattinger International Music Corporation, 2001),.
  3. Britten 1945b.
  4. Nilsson 1958, 10; Read 1964, 172.
  5. Boulez 1957, 19–20.
  6. Nilsson 1958, 10 & 12; Read 1964, 172.
  7. Nilsson 1958, 11; Read 1964, 172.
  8. Revueltas 1971, 32, 34–38.
  9. Copland 1945, 56–59.
  10. "A Headache And A Sixty-Fourth". Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Read 1964, 158.
  12. Myaskovsky 1947, 4–8, 23–30, 41–44, 59–65, 70–73.
  13. http://imslp.org/wiki/Lincolnshire_Posy_(Grainger,_Percy)
  14. Nilsson 1958, 3–15.
  15. Dream Theater Keyboard Anthology. Transcribed by Chris Romero and Jordan Baker 2004, 30.
  16. Chávez 1972, 3–4.
  17. Dream Theater Black Clouds and Silver Linings Authentic Guitar TAB. 2009, 7.
  18. Stravinsky n.d., 26.
  19. Piano Sonata No. 5 (Scriabin): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project. Leipzig: Edition Peters, 1971, plate E.P. 12588.
  20. Borodin [8888], 44–86.
  21. Chávez 1972, 12.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 http://homes.soic.indiana.edu/donbyrd/CMNExtremes.htm
  23. Chávez 1972, 16, 19.
  24. http://imslp.org/wiki/Lincolnshire_Posy_(Grainger,_Percy)
  25. Boulez 1957, 18.
  26. Nilsson 1958, 8; Read 1964, 172.
  27. Johann Bach (1985). Hans Bischoff, ed. Six Partitas and Overture in French Style. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7692-8604-4.
  28. http://www.artsjournal.com/postclassic/2008/03/dont_blame_me_it_was_henry_cow.html
  29. Alkan n.d. (ca.1861),.
  30. 1 2 3 4 http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/f/f3/IMSLP14991-Stanchinksy_-_12_Sketches.pdf
  31. "Category:Stanchinsky, Aleksey". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  32. http://web.archive.org/web/20130401034850/http://trecento.com/research/Cuthbert_Changing_musical_time.pdf
  33. Chávez 1972, 17–20.
  34. http://imslp.org/wiki/Lincolnshire_Posy_(Grainger,_Percy)
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Read 1964, 170.
  36. http://ks.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/1/1c/IMSLP29121-PMLP50421-Saint-Saens_-_Symphony_No_3_in_c_Op_78_-_2.pdf
  37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5owPoSSOa94
  38. http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/9/91/IMSLP289811-PMLP02189-Schumann__Robert_Werke_Breitkopf_Gregg_Serie_7_Band_2_RS_51_Op_13_scan.pdf
  39. http://imslp.eu/Files/imglnks/euimg/4/4d/IMSLP28271-PMLP04634-Webern_-_Variations__Op._27.pdf
  40. 1 2 3 http://imslp.eu/Files/imglnks/euimg/7/70/IMSLP28223-PMLP61956-Webern_-_String_Quartet__Op._28__score_.pdf
  41. Telemann 1728, 32; Telemann 1970, 13; Zohn 2004, 247: "The ‘Lilliputsche Chaconne’ is anything but stately as it flashes by (at least on the page) in a blur of demisemiquavers in 3/32 time. . . ."
  42. Chávez 1972, 17–20.
  43. Telemann 1728, 40; Zohn 2004, 247: "The ‘Reverie der Laputier, nebst ihren Aufweckern’ . . . teases the reader with a nonsensical time signature, 32/2
    4
    , in an apparent allusion to the Laputians’ love for, and incompetence in, mathematics." Dietz Degan, the editor of Telemann 1970, transcribes this piece simply in 2
    2
    .
  44. Strait 2000, 56.
  45. Revueltas 1958, 3–15.
  46. Brahms 1928, 78–79, 79–80.
  47. Ives 1920, 56.
  48. Chávez 1972, 20.
  49. Ginastera 1946, 1:12–13.
  50. Barber 1943, 11–12.
  51. Wagner 2010, 312–13.
  52. Bartók 1940, 6:45–48.
  53. Bartók 1940, 6:51–55.
  54. Stravinsky 1965, 16.
  55. Britten 1946, 14–15.
  56. Bartók 1937, 130–33.
  57. Davies 1985, 202.
  58. Bartók 1937, 1–5, 7–8, 10.
  59. Holst 1977, 4–6, 18–19, 23–24, 27–30.
  60. Birtwistle 1996, 6–7 and 9.
  61. Suspended Animation Authentic Guitar TAB, transcribed by Jordan Baker. 2005, 81-85, 88-89, 105-107
  62. Stravinsky 1958, 11–12 and 19.
  63. Britten 1941, 30–32.
  64. Stravinsky 1962, 54, 56, 58, 60–61, 63, and 66.
  65. Stravinsky 1924, 50.
  66. Dethalbum III Authentic Guitar TAB, transcribed by Jordan Baker. 2013, 10
  67. Stravinsky 1967, 19.
  68. Bartók 1993, 72.
  69. Davies 1985, 48–49.
  70. Bernstein 1950, 48, 52–54.
  71. Stravinsky n.d., 11–12.
  72. Stravinsky 1970, 99.
  73. Andriessen 1976, 1–4, 82–88, 90, 92, 95–97, 99, 119.
  74. Gable 2009, 91.
  75. Gable 2009, 91.
  76. Page 1989.
  77. Bartók 1940, 6:35–38.
  78. Bartók 1940, 6:48–50.
  79. Seconds Out Songbook 1978 Wise Publications
  80. Dryden, Ken. "Blue Rondo a la Turk", Allmusic: "unusual time signature of 9
    8
    ".
  81. Dream Theater Black Clouds and Silver Linings Authentic Guitar TAB, transcribed by Jordan Baker. 2009, 138
  82. Ginastera 1955, 17–20.
  83. Eddie 2007, 62.
  84. Banks 2009.
  85. Yanni (1993). The Best of Yanni; 11 selections from his top recordings. Hal Leonard Publishing. p. 16.
  86. "30) The Eleven and Other Rhythmic Oddities (Grateful Dead)". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  87. Liner notes to The Mason Williams Phonograph Record Warner Brothers LP, WS 1729. Burbank: Warner Brothers-Seven Arts Records, 1968.
  88. http://www.talkbass.com/forum/f22/how-do-you-figure-out-time-signatures-476426/
  89. Britten 1946, 14.
  90. Tempo controlSlow down the song anytime you need it. "This Town Needs Guns - Crocodile Tab Online | UG Plus @ Ultimate-Guitar.com". Tp.ultimate-guitar.com. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  91. TheDeftonesVault (2013-08-21), Dream Theater- Erotomania [Instrumental], retrieved 2016-03-24
  92. 1 2 Dreiblats 2013.
  93. Bars 2–5 are in 10
    8
    time (Stravinsky 1958, 52).
  94. 1 2 Hail the Sun (19 February 2013). "Testotyrannosaurus.pdf" (PDF). Hail the Sun. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  95. "Uncommon Time". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  96. Le Jeune 1951–59, 2:85–88.
  97. rec.music.gdead FAQ.
  98. "The Annotated "The Eleven"". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  99. Howard Brubeck (ed.), Dave Brubeck Deluxe Piano Album, (San Francisco: Derry Music Co., 1965), pp. 22-28.
  100. Villa-Lobos 1969, 3–18.
  101. J. A. Fuller Maitland and W. Barclay Squire (eds.), The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, vol. 2 (Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1899; reprinted New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1963), 34–39.
  102. Elroy 2008.
  103. Macan 1997, 48–49.
  104. http://imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/9/9d/IMSLP15483-Stanchinksy_-_Piano_Sonata_No.2.pdf
  105. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Macan 1997, 49.
  106. Macan 1997, 48.
  107. "The Daily Vault Music Reviews :". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  108. Jisi, Chris (2012). "Esperanza Spalding: E-Harmony". Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  109. Hail the Sun (13 January 2013). "Eight Ball, Coroner's Pocket.pdf" (PDF). Hail the Sun. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  110. Primus (musical group), Primus Anthology: A thru N: For Guitar and Bass, transcribed by Jeff Jacobsen (New York: Cherry Lane Music, 2000), 17–20. ISBN 1575601540.
  111. Pollack 1999.
  112. Pedler 2003, p. 555.
  113. Nilsson 1958, 7.
  114. 1 2 Reynish, Tim. "Derek Bourgeois: An Assessment of his music in Two Parts". Retrieved November 8, 2009.
  115. 1 2 "Pops Concert Program Notes". Howard Performing Arts Center, Andrews University. March 8, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
  116. Randy Poe (20 September 2006). Skydog: The Duane Allman Story. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-87930-891-9. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  117. Perkins 2000, 1:18.
  118. Stevenson 2014.
  119. "Ken Westphal Illustration & Design". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  120. "The Becoming". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  121. "Golden Brown by The Stranglers Songfacts". Songfacts.com. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  122. Stravinsky 1967, 35.
  123. Jerry 2014.
  124. Andrew Lloyd Webber, T. S. Eliot - "Cats" Hal Leonard (HL00359466), ISBN 0-88188-447-2
  125. Andriessen 1976, 46, 69, and 101.
  126. Genesis 2001, .
  127. Davison and Apel 1974, 9; Pöhlmann and West 2001, 96–99.
  128. Perkins 2000, 2:18–40 (score).
  129. Jeffes, Arthur (2010-09-08), BBC Proms programme notes, 2010 season concert 73, BBC
  130. http://danbruno.net/writing/mother3/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  131. Macan 1997, 49; Chatburn n.d.
  132. 1 2 3 4 Read 1964, 157.
  133. Medtner 1998, 134.
  134. Andriessen 1976, 65 and 74.
  135. Oldfield, Mike (2007). Changeling - Autobiography of Mike Oldfield. Virgin Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-85227-381-1.
  136. Geoffrey Himes (2008). "Lionel Loueke: African American". Retrieved 2016-08-31.
  137. "Theme from "Valley of the Dolls". Musicnotes, Inc. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  138. "Crystalline". bjork.fr. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  139. "Hollow". bjork.fr. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  140. "Moon". bjork.fr. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  141. Dreiblats 2012.
  142. Alkan n.d. (ca.1862),.
  143. 1 2 John McLaughlin, John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra: John McLaughlin's Scores to 28 Classic Recordings (Van Nuys: Alfred Publishing, 2006): . ISBN 0-7390-4255-6.
  144. Prokofiev 1955, 1:9–14.
  145. Bach 1968, 98–99.
  146. Read 1964, 159.
  147. Perkins 2000, 2:1–17 (score).
  148. Fenlon 2002, 112–13.
  149. Portnoy, Wallis, and Siegel 1999.
  150. 1 2 Le Jeune 1951–59, 1:32–33.
  151. DreiblatsJaanis (2013). "Gibbon Guitar Pro by This Town Needs Guns". 911Tabs.Com. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  152. Read 1964, 160; Stravinsky 1958, 29.
  153. Leonard 2011.
  154. Flans 1982.
  155. Stockhausen 1967, 1, 6, and 7.
  156. Read 1964, 156.
  157. "All About Jazz". All About Jazz. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  158. "Between Moments EP". Retrieved 2013-10-03.
  159. "Baboon Guitar Pro by This Town Needs Guns @ Ultimate-Guitar.Com". Tabs.ultimate-guitar.com. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  160. "Ganondorf Battle (Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time) Bass/Guitar Tab". GameTab. August 8, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
  161. Telemann 1728, 37; Telemann 1970, 14–15; Zohn 2004, 247: "the ‘Brobdingnagische Gigue’—no doubt inspired by the English jig Gulliver plays with great effort on a sixty-foot spinet—is danced in giant steps, trudging along in twenty-four semibreves to the bar."
  162. Fenlon 2002, 90 & 102–106.
  163. "OFFICE OF STRATEGIC INFLUENCE (O.S.I.) BIOGRAPHY". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  164. Tempo controlSlow down the song anytime you need it. "This Town Needs Guns - 26 Is Dancier Than 4 Tab Online | UG Plus @ Ultimate-Guitar.com". Tp.ultimate-guitar.com. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  165. "Battle music in Mother 3". danbruno.net. Retrieved 2016-06-14.
  166. Fenlon 2002, 40.
  167. "Matt Savage plays "Blues in 33/8" in New York". YouTube. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  168. Fenlon 2002, 41; Fienberg 2004, 228–29 & 231–32.
  169. "Split Open and Melt". Phish.net. April 10, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013. "SOAM’s" complex improv segment is notorious for its time signature, which involves three sections of eight eighth-notes and then a fourth section with nine eighth-notes in a steady pulse (listen to Fishman’s hi-hat)
  170. Stockhausen 1967, 7.
  171. 1 2 3 Stockhausen 1967, 1.
  172. Dean 2014.
  173. Ben Folds-"Songs for Silverman, piano/vocal transcriptions Hal Leonard Corporation.
  174. "Mike Portnoy - The dance of eternity time signature & solo 1". Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  175. Allcock, Maartin, ed. (1998). Fairport Convention Songbook 2. Woodworm Music. pp. 56–59.
  176. Banks n.d.
  177. Primus (musical group), Primus Anthology: A thru N: For Guitar and Bass, transcribed by Jeff Jacobsen (New York: Cherry Lane Music, 2000), 21. ISBN 1575601540.
  178. "The meters of these three measures are 11
    8
    , 4
    4
    , and 7
    8
    , respectively. The special effect of running even eighth notes accented as if triplets against the grain of the underlying backbeat is carried to a point more reminiscent of Stravinsky than of the Beatles" (Alan Pollack's 'Notes On' series, no. 183).
  179. Sheet music, published by New Hidden Valley Music and Casa David, copyright 1966
  180. Peart, Neil (2010-10-07). "Rush - Losing It Sheet Music (Digital Download)". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  181. Haigh n.d.
  182. "" Neil Peart Biography, Drum Videos and Pictures | Famous Drummers". Drumlessons.com. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  183. Sheet music, published by G. Schirmer, copyright 1949
  184. "Midnight Oil :: No Time For Games Drum Sheet Music - Quality Drum Sheet Music, Scores, Tabs". Drumscore.com. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  185. "[Powderworks] time signatures". Midnight-oil.info. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  186. Allcock, Maartin, ed. (1998). Fairport Convention Songbook 2. Woodworm Music. p. 81.
  187. Lloyd Webber and Rice 1970.

Bibliography

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