List of glaciers of Iceland

The glaciers and ice caps of Iceland cover 11.1% of the land area of the country (about 11,400 km² out of the total area of 103,125 km²) and have a considerable impact on its landscape and meteorology. An ice cap is a mass of glacial ice that covers less than 50,000 km² of land area covering a highland area and they feed outlet glaciers. Glaciers are also contributing to the Icelandic economy, with tourists flocking to the country to see glaciers on snowmobiles and on glacier hiking tours.[1]

Many Icelandic ice caps and glaciers lie above volcanoes, such as Grímsvötn and Bárðarbunga, which lie under the largest ice cap, Vatnajökull. The caldera of Grímsvötn is 100 km² in area, and Bárðarbunga is 60 km².

When volcanic activity occurs under the glacier, the resulting meltwater can lead to a sudden glacial lake outburst flood, known in Icelandic as jökulhlaup,[2] but jökulhlaups are most often caused by accumulation of meltwater due to geothermal activity underneath the glacier. Such jökulhlaups have occasionally triggered volcanic eruptions through the sudden release of pressure.

Iceland is losing ice due to climate change. Okjökull glacier in Borgarfjörður, West Iceland, has lost its glacier title and is now simply known as “Ok”. In order to fit the criteria glaciers need to be thick enough to sink and move under their own weight, which Ok is not. Ok is the first Icelandic glacier to lose its title.[3][4]

The Icelandic word for glacier is jökull.

Largest glaciers by surface area

Glacier or Ice Cap Area
km²		 Volume
km³		 Elevation
m		 Coordinates
1 Vatnajökull 8,300 3,100[5] 2,109.6 64°24′N 16°48′W / 64.400°N 16.800°W / 64.400; -16.800 (Vatnajökull)
2 Langjökull 953195[5] 1,360 64°45′N 19°59′W / 64.750°N 19.983°W / 64.750; -19.983 (Langjökull)
3 Hofsjökull 925 208[6] 1,765 64°49′N 18°49′W / 64.817°N 18.817°W / 64.817; -18.817 (Hofsjökull)
4 Mýrdalsjökull 596 140[7] 1,493 63°40′N 19°06′W / 63.667°N 19.100°W / 63.667; -19.100 (Mýrdalsjökull)
5 Drangajökull 160  925 66°09′N 22°15′W / 66.150°N 22.250°W / 66.150; -22.250 (Drangajökull)
6 Eyjafjallajökull 78  1,666 63°38′N 19°36′W / 63.633°N 19.600°W / 63.633; -19.600 (Eyjafjallajökull)
7 Tungnafellsjökull 48  1,535 64°45′N 17°55′W / 64.750°N 17.917°W / 64.750; -17.917 (Tungnafellsjökull)
8 Þórisjökull 32   1,350 64°32′31″N 20°42′56″W / 64.54194°N 20.71556°W / 64.54194; -20.71556 (Þórisjökull)
9 Eiríksjökull 22  1,672 64°46′24″N 20°24′34″W / 64.77333°N 20.40944°W / 64.77333; -20.40944 (Eiríksjökull)
10 Þrándarjökull 22  1,236 64°42′08″N 14°54′09″W / 64.70222°N 14.90250°W / 64.70222; -14.90250 (Þrándarjökull)
11 Tindfjallajökull 19   1,462 63°48′N 19°35′W / 63.800°N 19.583°W / 63.800; -19.583 (Tindfjallajökull)
12 Torfajökull 15   1,190 63°53′39″N 19°07′37″W / 63.89417°N 19.12694°W / 63.89417; -19.12694 (Torfajökull)
13 Snæfellsjökull 11  1,446 64°48′32″N 23°46′16″W / 64.80889°N 23.77111°W / 64.80889; -23.77111 (Snæfellsjökull)
1-13 largest glaciers 11,181  2,109.6  

These 13 largest glaciers have an aggregate area of 11,181 km² (out of about 11,400 km² for all glaciers of Iceland).

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Glaciers in Iceland | Glacier Tours, Snowmobiling, Hiking & Ice Climbing". Guidetoiceland.is. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
  2. ↑ "Glaciers in Iceland | Glaciers in Iceland". Guidetoiceland.is. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  3. ↑ "Okjökull glacier loses its glacier title due to its declining size". Iceland Magazine. Iceland Magazine. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  4. ↑ ""Jökullinn" Ok er ekki lengur jökull". http://www.ruv.is/. RÚV. Retrieved 24 September 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  5. 1 2 "??" (PDF). Raunvis.hi.is. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
  6. ↑ "Temporal Variability of Ice Flow on Hofsjokull, Iceland, Observed by ERS SAR Interferometry" (PDF). Earth.esa.int. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
  7. ↑ "SP-572 - 2004 Envisat & ERS Symposium" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-04-03.

External links

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