List of Sahabah who did not give bay'ah to Abu Bakr

This is a list of Sahaba not giving bay'ah to Abu Bakr. The Sahaba were the companions of Muhammad; bay'ah is the Islamic term for a formal oath of allegiance.

Introduction

After the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr came into power following the meeting at the Saqifah of Banu Sa'ida, becoming the first Caliph.

While no one source lists all these people, this article lists the individuals as mentioned in a multitude of sources, and provides the sources where each name appears, and the context in which they are mentioned.

Additionally, not all sources state how long each individual withheld his bay'ah. Shi'as have maintained that Ali never paid allegiance to Abu Bakr, and there is support for this in both Shi'a and Sunni historical texts. A few authentic Sunni sources have narrated that Ali gave bay'ah to Abu Bakr the next day. Abu Bakr was given bay'ah in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'ida on Monday a few hours after the death of Muhammad, this was a private bay'ah given to Abu Bakr by a few Sahabah including Umar ibn al-Khattab, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Sa'ad ibn Ubadah and other prominent members of the Khazraj tribe. Then the next day, Abu Bakr got on the minbar and Umar announced that Abu Bakr is Caliph and that all the Muslims should give him bay'ah. A few Sunni sources, however, have suggested that Ali withheld for only six months. The details of whether Ali ever consented to pay allegiance to Abu Bakr is not mentioned in the sources themselves, but are generally taken as added by latter interpreters. Shi'a ideology maintains that Ali was forcibly taken to Abu Bakr, who later staged a mock allegiance ceremony to consolidate his power. The vast majority of learned scholars and historians accept that there was no force applied to Ali to gain allegiance. Given that Ali was from the family of the Prophet and quite a strong man he could have easily forced this issue to be resolved by way of arbitration.

Detailed List

A Sunni historian Al-Yaqubi mentions in Tarikh al-Yaqubi,

"A numbers of migrants and the helpers refused to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr, inclined as they were to favor Ali ibn AbuTalib. Al Abbas bin Abd al-Muttalib, Al-Fadi bin Al-Abbas, Al-Zubayr ibn Al-Awwam, Khalid bin Said, Al Miqdad, Salman the Persian, Abu Zar Ghaffari, Ammar ibn Yasir, Al-Bara'a, Ubayy bin Ka'b were part of this group". Tarikh al-Yaqubi. 2. p. 114. 

Muhajirun

Banu Asad
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

Banu Hashim
Ali ibn Abi Talib

Syeda Fatima al-Zahra

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Muhammad al-Bukhari, a 9th-century Sunni Islamic scholar narrates the same as Yaqubi.[1]

Fadl ibn Abbas

Tribe of Banu Hashim

Others

Ansars

Banu Khazraj
Sa'd ibn Ubadah

Qays ibn Sa'd

Ubay ibn Kab

Abu Ayyub al-Ansari

Others

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Shaikh, Asif. Sahaba: The Companion. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Pg. 42-45
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue on al-Islam.org
  3. 1 2 Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:546
  4. 1 2 Sahih Muslim, 19:4352
  5. Ibn Qutaybah, vol. 1, p.29; quoted in Ayoub, 2003, 18
  6. Imamate: The Vicegerency of the Prophet by Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi, quoting Ibn Qutaybah on Al-islam.org
  7. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, vol. 3, p.208; Ayoub, 2003, 21
  8. 1 2 3 Shi'a encyclopedia quoting from Ibn Qutaybah,, Massudi, Ibn Abu al-Hadid
  9. A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue quoting from Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa page 16
  10. History of the Prophets and Kings, Volume 9, pages 196, 197. State University of New York Press, 1993. Translated by Ismail K. Poonawala
  11. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon, section Reign of Abubeker; A.D. 632, June 7.
  12. 1 2 To be with the Truthful by Muhammad al-Tijani, quoting Sahih Bukhari on Al-islam.org
  13. 1 2 A list composed of sources such as Ibn Hajar Asqalani and Baladhuri, each in his Ta'rikh, Muhammad Bin Khawind Shah in his Rauzatu's-Safa, Ibn Abdu'l-Birr in his Isti'ab
  14. Madelung, Wilferd. The Succession to Muḥammad: A Study of The Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. Print. ISBN 0521646960 Pg. 152
  15. Peshawar Nights
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