List of Romanesque buildings

–Listed below are examples of surviving buildings in Romanesque style in Europe, sorted by modernday countries.

List

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

The Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Nikopol

Croatia

Czech Republic

St. George's Rotunda on Říp Mountain

France

St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 – 1120: elevation of the east end
Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. Trophime, Arles
Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy

Romanesque architecture expands in France through monasteries. Burgundy was the center of monastic life in France - one of the most important Benedictine monastery of medieval Europe was the one in Cluny. The pilgrimage also contributed to expansion of this style. Many pilgrims passed through France on their way to Santiago de Compostela.

French Romanesque schools of architecture, which are specific for every region, are characterised by the variety of stone vaulting.

Germany

Romanesque St. Michael's Church (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site
Romanesque portal of Schottenkirche, Regensburg

Hungary

The Romanesque church of Lébény

Ireland

Carving above doorway, Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland

Italy

In Italy, the prevalent diffusion is in Lombardy, in Emilia - Romagna, in Tuscany, in the continental part of Veneto and in Apulia; everyone of these "Romanesque styles" has proper characteristics, for constructing methods and for materials. For example, a characteristic of Romanesque is that to change the classic elements with Christian elements, but in Tuscany and Apulia the classic decoratings remain.

Materials depended from the local disponibility, because the importation was too expensive. In fact, in Lombardy the most used material is ceramic, because of the argillous nature of the terrain; but that is not true for Como, where there were large diponibility of stone; in Tuscany buildings in white marble (from Carrara) are frequent, with inserts of green serpentin marble.

In Lombardy and Emilia, in that age united, in Romanesque epoque there was a great artistic flowering. The most monumental churches and cathedrals are often built with the campata system, with varying columns which weigh a tutto sesto arcos. In plain the material of construction is prevalently the mattone, but buildings in stone do not lack. The greater part of the Roman cities along the via Emilia is equipped in this age of monumental cathedral, between which they already maintain to the medieval system.

Abruzzo

Aosta Valley

Emilia-Romagna

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Latium

Lombardy

Marche

Piedmont

Puglia

Sardinia

Sicily

San Galgano, Tuscany

Tuscany

Umbria

Veneto

Netherlands

Poland

St Peter and Paul-Collegiate, Kruszwica
St. Andrew's Church, Kraków
Collegiate church, Tum
St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wrocław

Portugal

Façade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portugal, second half of the 12th century).

Romania

Serbia

Slovakia

Spain

Saint Clement of Taüll in Catalonia, Spain. Lombard Romanesque
Collegiate church of Santillana del Mar, Spain. Cloister
Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain. Capitel detail
Inner view of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Romanesque first developed in Spain in the 10th and 11th centuries and before Cluny`s influence, in Catalonia (Lleida, Barcelona, Tarragona and Girona) and Huesca and in the Aragonese Pyrenees, simultaneously with the north of Italy, into what has been called "First Romanesque" or "Lombard Romanesque". It is a very primitive style, whose characteristics are thick walls, lack of sculpture and the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches.

Romanesque architecture truly arrives with the influence of Cluny through the Way of Saint James, that ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The model of the Spanish Romanesque in the 12th century was the Cathedral of Jaca, with its characteristic apse structure and plan, and its "chess" decoration in strips, called taqueado jaqués. As the Christian kingdoms advanced to the South, that model spread throughout the reconquered areas with some variations. Spanish Romanesque has also influence of the Spanish pre-Romanesque styles, mainly the Asturian and the Mozarab. But there is also a strong influence of the moorish architecture, so close in space, especially the vaults of Córdoba`s Mosque, and the polylobulated arches. In the 13th century, some Romanesque churches alternated with the Gothic. Aragón, Castile and Navarra are some of the most dense areas of Spanish Romanesque.

Sweden and Scandinavia

Lund Cathedral

Switzerland

Turkey

Galata Tower, Galata, Istanbul

United Kingdom

England

In England, Romanesque architecture is often termed 'Norman architecture'. Castles, cathedrals and churches of the Norman period have frequently been extended during later periods. It is normal to find Norman in combination with Gothic architecture.

Scotland

See also

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