List of heads of state of Haiti

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Haiti
Constitution
Foreign relations

This page lists the heads of state of Haiti since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom of Haiti in 1811, and the southern Republic of Haiti. Between 1822 and 1844 the Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the period known as the unification of Hispaniola.

Heads of State of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
N/A Toussaint Louverture
(1743–1803)
1 January 1791 6 May 1802 Independent Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802)
Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801)
Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
N/A Jean-Jacques Dessalines
(1758–1806)
1 January 1804 22 September 1804 Independent Governor-General of Haiti

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Reign start Reign end Coronation Title(s)
1 Jacques I
(1758–1806)
22 September 1804 17 October 1806 8 October 1804 Emperor of Haiti

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
N/A Henri Christophe
(1767–1820)
17 October 1806 28 March 1811 Independent Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807)
President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)

Note: Rule limited to the northern State of Haiti

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Reign start Reign end Coronation Title(s)
N/A Henri I
(1767–1820)
28 March 1811 8 October 1820 2 June 1811 King of Haiti
Note: Rule limited to the northern Kingdom of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1806–1822)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
1 Alexandre Pétion
(1770–1818)
17 October 1806 29 March 1818 Independent President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816)
President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)

Note: Rule limited to the southern Republic of Haiti
2 Jean-Pierre Boyer
(1776–1850)
30 March 1818 9 February 1822 Independent President for Life
Note: United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820

Republic of Haiti during the unification of Hispaniola (1822–1844)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
(2) Jean-Pierre Boyer
(1776–1850)
9 February 1822 13 February 1843 Independent President for Life
3 Charles Rivière-Hérard
(1789–1850)
4 April 1843 27 February 1844 Independent President

Republic of Haiti (1844–1849)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
(3) Charles Rivière-Hérard
(1789–1850)
27 February 1844 3 May 1844 Independent President
4 Philippe Guerrier
(1757–1845)
3 May 1844 15 April 1845 Independent President
5 Jean-Louis Pierrot
(1761–1857)
16 April 1845 24 March 1846 Independent President
6 Jean-Baptiste Riché
(1780–1847)
24 March 1846 28 February 1847 Independent President
7 Faustin Soulouque
(1782–1867)
2 March 1847 26 August 1849 Independent President

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Reign start Reign end Coronation Title(s)
2 Faustin I
(1782–1867)
26 August 1849 22 January 1859 18 April 1852 Emperor of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1859–present)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
8 Fabre Geffrard
(1806–1878)
22 January 1859 13 March 1867 Independent President
Nissage Saget
(1810–1880)
20 March 1867 2 May 1867 Independent Provisional President
9 Sylvain Salnave
(1827–1870)
4 May 1867 27 December 1869 Independent President
10 Nissage Saget
(1810–1880)
27 December 1869 14 May 1874 Liberal Party President
Council of Secretaries of State 14 May 1874 14 June 1874 Independent Council of Secretaries of State
11 Michel Domingue
(1813–1877)
14 June 1874 15 April 1876 Independent President
12 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(1832–1905)
23 April 1876 17 July 1879 Liberal Party Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876)
President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
Joseph Lamothe
(–1891)
26 July 1879 2 October 1879 Provisional President Independent
13 Lysius Salomon
(1815–1888)
2 October 1879 10 August 1888 National Party President
Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(1832–1905)
10 August 1888 16 October 1888 Liberal Party Provisional President
14 François Denys Légitime
(1841–1935)
16 October 1888 23 August 1889 Liberal Party President
Monpoint Jeune
(1830–1905)
23 August 1889 17 October 1889 Independent Provisional President
15 Florvil Hyppolite
(1828–1896)
17 October 1889 24 March 1896 National Party President
16 Tirésias Simon Sam
(1835–1916)
31 March 1896 12 May 1902 National Party President
Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(1832–1905)
26 May 1902 17 December 1902 Liberal Party Provisional President
17 Pierre Nord Alexis
(1820–1910)
21 December 1902 2 December 1908 Military President
18 François C. Antoine Simon
(1843–1923)
6 December 1908 3 August 1911 Liberal Party President
19 Cincinnatus Leconte
(1854–1912)
15 August 1911 8 August 1912 National Party President
Note: Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
20 Tancrède Auguste
(1856–1913)
8 August 1912 2 May 1913 National Party President
21 Michel Oreste
(1859–1918)
12 May 1913 27 January 1914 Independent President
22 Oreste Zamor
(1861–1915)
8 February 1914 29 October 1914 Military President
23 Joseph Davilmar Théodore
(1847–1917)
7 November 1914 22 February 1915 Military President
24 Vilbrun Guillaume Sam
(1859–1915)
25 February 1915 28 July 1915 Military President
Note: Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902)
25 Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave
(1863–1926)
12 August 1915 15 May 1922 Independent President
Note: Served under the United States occupation
26 Louis Borno
(1865–1942)
15 May 1922 15 May 1930 Independent President
Note: Served under the United States occupation
27 Louis Eugène Roy
(1861–1939)
15 May 1930 18 November 1930 Independent President
Note: Served under the United States occupation
28 Sténio Vincent
(1874–1959)
18 November 1930 15 May 1941 Independent President
Note: Served under the United States occupation until 1934
29 Élie Lescot
(1883–1974)
15 May 1941 11 January 1946 Liberal Party President
Franck Lavaud
(1903–1986)
11 January 1946 16 August 1946 Military Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
30 Dumarsais Estimé
(1900–1953)
16 August 1946 10 May 1950 Independent President
Franck Lavaud
(1903–1986)
10 May 1950 6 December 1950 Military Chairman of the Government Junta
31 Paul Magloire
(1907–2001)
6 December 1950 12 December 1956 Peasant Worker Movement President
Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis
(1900–1966)
12 December 1956 3 February 1957 Independent Provisional President
Franck Sylvain
(1909–1987)
7 February 1957 2 April 1957 Independent Provisional President
Executive Government Council 2 April 1957 25 May 1957 Independent Executive Government Council
Daniel Fignolé
(1913–1986)
25 May 1957 14 June 1957 Peasant Worker Movement Provisional President
Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau
(1909–1963)
14 June 1957 22 October 1957 Military Chairman of the Military Council
32 François Duvalier
(1907–1971)
22 October 1957 21 April 1971 National Unity Party President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964)
President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971)
33 Jean-Claude Duvalier
(1951–2014)
21 April 1971 7 February 1986 National Unity Party President for Life
Henri Namphy
(1932–)
7 February 1986 7 February 1988 Military President of the National Council of Government
34 Leslie Manigat
(1930–2014)
7 February 1988 20 June 1988[nb 1] Rally of Progressive National Democrats President
35 Henri Namphy
(1932–)
20 June 1988 17 September 1988[nb 2] Military President
36 Prosper Avril
(1937–)
17 September 1988 10 March 1990 Military President
Hérard Abraham
(1940–)
10 March 1990 13 March 1990 Military Acting President
Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
(1943–)
13 March 1990 7 February 1991 Independent Provisional President
37 Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(1953–)
7 February 1991 29 September 1991[nb 3] Lavalas Political Organization President
Raoul Cédras
(1949–)
29 September 1991 8 October 1991 Military Acting President
Note: Leader of the military junta (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
Joseph Nérette
(1924–2007)
8 October 1991 19 June 1992 Independent Provisional President
Marc Bazin
(1932–2010)
19 June 1992 15 June 1993 Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti Acting President
37 Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(1953–)
15 June 1993 12 May 1994 Lavalas Political Organization President
Note: In exile, but recognized in Haiti
Émile Jonassaint
(1913–1995)
12 May 1994 12 October 1994 Independent Provisional President
37 Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(1953–)
12 October 1994 7 February 1996 Lavalas Political Organization President
Note: Served under the United States occupation until 1995
38 René Préval
(1943–)
7 February 1996 7 February 2001 Fanmi Lavalas President
39 Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(1953–)
7 February 2001 29 February 2004[nb 4] Fanmi Lavalas President
Boniface Alexandre
(1936–)
29 February 2004 14 May 2006 Independent Provisional President
40 René Préval
(1943–)
14 May 2006 14 May 2011 Lespwa
(until November 2009.)
President
(40) Inite
41 Michel Martelly
(1961–)
14 May 2011 7 February 2016 Repons Peyizan President
Council of Ministers 7 February 2016 14 February 2016 Independent Council of Ministers
Jocelerme Privert
(1953–)
14 February 2016 Incumbent Inite Provisional President
Note: Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016
42 Jovenel Moïse
(1968–)
7 February 2017 Elect Haitian Tèt Kale Party President-elect

Foreign governors and military commanders

U.S. Military Commanders
U.S. High Commissioner
U.S. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
U.S. Military Commanders
United Nations (UNMIH) Force Commanders
U.S. Military Commander
United Nations (MINUSTAH) Force Commanders
Commanders of U.S. Joint Task Force for Haiti Relief

See also

References

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