List of Hammond organ players

A Hammond C-3 organ

The Hammond organ is an electric organ invented by Laurens Hammond and John M. Hanert.[1] The instrument was first manufactured in 1935[2] and contains two manuals along with a set of bass pedals.[3] A variety of models have been produced; the most popular is the B-3, produced between 1954 and 1974.[4]

The instrument was originally designed to replace the pipe organ in churches, and early adopters included Henry Ford and George Gershwin,[5] but was not a popular replacement for classical music.[6] However, it was used in African American churches, and its use spread to gospel music and then to jazz in the 1950s. After losing popularity in the jazz world in the 1970s, it subsequently regained its use in the genre and has become the second most used keyboard instrument in jazz after the piano.[7] Jimmy Smith popularised the Hammond organ, and its technique of using drawbars and pedals.[8]

Having found success in jazz, the Hammond organ became popular in rhythm and blues, including Booker T. & the M.G.'s and other Stax Records artists.[9] From there, it became used in rock music, with users including Ian McLagan, Matthew Fisher, Steve Winwood,[10][11] Mike Finnigan, Gregg Allman[12] and Jon Lord.[13] It became a significant instrument in progressive rock during the early 1970s,[14] and became a featured instrument in ska and reggae.[15] Although the original Hammond Organ Company collapsed, it was purchased by the Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation, who continued to manufacture the instrument using several former staff for research and development.[16] Jazz organists, including Joey DeFrancesco and Barbara Dennerlein, have continued to feature the Hammond organ in 21st-century jazz.[17][18]


This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Contents :

A

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Don Airey b. 1948 C-3
A-100		 Rainbow
Ozzy Osbourne
Deep Purple[19]		 Used Jon Lord's old C-3 upon joining Deep Purple, but prefers the A-100.[20]
Gregg Allman b. 1947 B-3 The Allman Brothers Band Was given a brand new B-3 and Leslie 122RV when the band was formed.[21]
Tori Amos b. 1963 B-3 Y Kant Tori Read Played a Hammond on her 2005 album The Beekeeper.[22]
Rod Argent b. 1945 B-3 The Zombies
Argent[23]		 Solo on 1972 hit single "Hold Your Head Up" cited by Rick Wakeman as "the greatest organ solo ever".[24]
Brian Auger b. 1939 L-100 Julie Driscoll Played without a Leslie speaker.[25]

B

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Tony Banks b. 1950 L-122
T-102
 Genesis Bought an L-122 when the band was formed,[26] which was replaced by a T-102.[27]
Hugh Banton b. 1949 E-100
C-3
 Van der Graaf Generator Played a Hammond E-100 organ that he personally modified with customised electronics.[28]
Peter Bardens 1944–2002 C-3 Shotgun Express
Camel
Van Morrison[29]
Graham Bond 1937–1974 Don Rendell Quintet
Blues Incorporated
The Graham Bond Organisation		 An early adopter of the Hammond in the UK, playing it on stage as early as 1962.[30]
James Brown 1933–2006[31] Used the same model for 20 years, calling it "The Godfather", and played it on sessions for other artists.[32]
Milt Buckner 1915–1977 B3[33] The Hammond Organ Trio Pioneered the use of the Hammond organ in jazz.[34] Always played alongside a bass player because he was simply too short to reach the bass pedals.[35]
John "Rabbit" Bundrick b. 1948 C3
XB-2		 The Who
Free		 Used a Hammond on loan from Pete Townshend when he started touring with The Who. Has since used an XB-2.[36]
Jerry Burke 1911–1965 Lawrence Welk Organist for Lawrence Welk from 1934 until his death. Published several volumes of organ arrangements.[37]

C

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Felix Cavaliere b. 1942 The Young Rascals
Steven Van Zandt's Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul
Ringo Starr's All Star Band[38]
Elbernita "Twinkie" Clark b. 1954 A US gospel singer, composer, musician, and evangelist dubbed "the Queen of the B-3". Has performed in The Clark Sisters and as a solo artist.[39]
Rob Collins 1965–1996 The Charlatans[40]
Tom Coster b. 1941[41] B-3[42] Santana
John McLaughlin[43]
Vincent Crane 1943–1989 C-3 The Crazy World of Arthur Brown
Atomic Rooster[44]
Jesse Crawford 1895–1962 A US pianist and organist well known in the 1920s as a theatre organist for silent films. In the 1930s, he switched to the Hammond, and also used the chord organ.[45]

D

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Jackie Davis 1920–1999 B-3[46]
Wild Bill Davis 1918–1995[47] American jazz pianist, organist, and arranger.[48]
Lenny Dee 1923–2006 A
B-3
transistor models		 An American pop/easy listening/boogie-woogie/jazz organist whose career spanned six decades and 56 albums; he had a Top 20 hit in 1955 with "Plantation Boogie". Used various tonewheel and transistor Hammonds, and was a strong critic of the company.[49]
Joey DeFrancesco b. 1971 B-3 An American jazz organist and trumpeter. Down Beat's 2003 Critics Poll selected him as "top jazz organist". Mentored by Jimmy Smith, he has performed with Miles Davis and John McLaughlin.[50]
'Papa' John DeFrancesco b. 1940 B-3[51] Father of Joey DeFrancesco.
Barbara Dennerlein b. 1964 B-3 Has achieved particular critical acclaim for use of the bass pedals,[17] and mixing the Hammond with samples. Has won the Down Beat "Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition" title five times, and is a three-time recipient of the German Critics Award.[52]
Tyrone Downie b. 1956 Bob Marley and the Wailers Used on "No Woman, No Cry" on the album Live![53]

E

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Charles Earland 1941–2000[54][55] Grover Washington, Jr.
Keith Emerson 1944–2016 L-100
C-3		 The Nice
Emerson, Lake & Palmer
Emerson, Lake & Powell		 Infamously abused an L-100 on stage, sticking knives in the instrument.[56]
John Evan b. 1948 C-3 Jethro Tull[57]

F

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Georgie Fame b. 1943 M-100 Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames Pioneer of British rhythm and blues through his performances at the Flamingo Club, London in the mid-1960s.[58]
Danny Federici 1950–2008 B-3 Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band[59]
Mike Finnigan b. 1945 Jimi Hendrix[12]
Matthew Fisher b. 1946 M-100 Procol Harum Co-wrote and recorded A Whiter Shade of Pale.[60]
Henry Ford 1863–1947 A[5]

G

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Mick Gallagher b. 1945 C-3 Ian Dury, The Blockheads, The Animals, Peter Frampton, The Clash[61]
George Gershwin 1898–1937 A[5]
Larry Goldings b. 1968 B-3[62]
Dave Greenfield b. 1949 L-100 The Stranglers[63]
Dave Greenslade b. 1943 Greenslade
Colosseum		 Focused on Hammond organ in Greenslade while Dave Lawson played synthesizers.[64]

H

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Jon Hammond Endorsed by Hammond-Suzuki.[65]
Bo Hansson Hansson & Karlsson A jam session featuring Hansson with Jimi Hendrix has been widely bootlegged.[66]
Atsuko Hashimoto B-3 with one or two Leslie speakers Plays in jazz trios with a drummer and either a saxophonist or a guitarist.[67]
Alexander Hawkins b. 1981 As part of the trio Decoy.[68]
Isaac Hayes 1942–2008[69] B-3 Stax Records Used on Hot Buttered Soul.[70]
Ken Hensley b. 1945 A-100 Uriah Heep[71]
Milt Herth[72] 1902–1969[73]
Christopher Holland[74] Brother of Jools Holland.[75]
Richard "Groove" Holmes 1931–1991 B-3,Concorde[76]
John Hondorp b. 1964 A-100/B3/HX3 Unit Records [77]

I

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Doug Ingle Iron Butterfly Started with a Vox organ and later moved to Hammond.[78]

J

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Booker T. Jones[79] b. 1944[80] M-1
M-3
B-3[81]		 Booker T. & the M.G.'s, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Stephen Stills, Otis Redding, Drive By Truckers, The Mar-Keys, Rancid Played an M-3 on the 1962 R&B hit "Green Onions".[79]
John Paul Jones b. 1946 C-3
SK-1		 Led Zeppelin[82] English multi-instrumentalist, best known as a bass player
Lonnie Jordan b. 1948 B-3 War [83]

K

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Tony Kaye b. 1946[84] M-100
C-3		 Yes
Badger[85]
Al Kooper b. 1944[86] Blood, Sweat and Tears
Bob Dylan		 Played a Hammond on Like A Rolling Stone.[87]
Joe Krown Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown Played with Brown from 1992 to 2005.[88]
Wojciech Karolak b. 1939 B-3 The Karolak Trio an American jazz and rhythm and blues musician, born by mistake in Middle Europe

L

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Eddie Layton 1925–2004 Promoted the Hammond as a touring demonstrator and played at the Yankee Stadium for years.[89]
Ron Levy[90] b. 1951 B-3[91]
Jon Lord 1941–2012 C-3 Deep Purple Founding member of Deep Purple, played a C-3 through a Marshall amplifier.[13]

M

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Ray Manzarek 1939–2013 C-3[92] The Doors Used a C-3 on L.A. Woman and the band's post-Jim Morrison career.
Hank Marr[93] 1927–2004[94] B-3
X66[95]
Page McConnell b. 1963[96] B-3 Phish[97]
Jack McDuff[98] 1926–2001 B-3[99] Also known as "Brother" Jack McDuff. An early collaborator with George Benson.[100]
Jimmy McGriff[101] 1936–2008 B-3 Bought a B-3 in 1956, having already accomplished several other instruments.[102]
Goldy McJohn Steppenwolf[103]
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan 1945–1973 B-3 Grateful Dead Upgraded from a Vox Continental to a B-3 in 1968.[104]
Ian McLagan 1945–2014[105] M-100 Small Faces[10]
Faces
Rolling Stones)[106]
John Medeski[107] b. 1965[108] Medeski Martin & Wood
Lee Michaels[109] b.1945 Often played as a duo, with the Hammond covering all sounds except drums.[110]
Money Mark Beastie Boys[111]
Brent Mydland 1952–1990[112] B-3 Grateful Dead[113]

N

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Christopher North b. 1951 B-3 Ambrosia[114]

O

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Mike Oldfield b. 1953 On Tubular Bells,[115] and Tubular Bells II.[116]

P

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Don Patterson[117] 1936–1988[118]
Big John Patton[119]
Billy Preston 1946–2006[120] B-3 The Beatles[121]
The Rolling Stones[120]
Alan Price b. 1942[122] The Animals
Alan Price Set[123]		 Started off with a Vox Continental organ.

R

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Doug Riley 1945–2007 Known as "Doctor Music".[124][125]
Billy Ritchie 1–2–3
Clouds[126]
Gregg Rolie b. 1947[127] B-3 Santana
Journey[128]

S

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Merl Saunders 1934–2008 Jerry Garcia[129]
Rhoda Scott[130] b. 1938
Shirley Scott[131] 1934–2002 B-3[132]
Paul Shaffer b. 1949[133] B-3 Blues Brothers
David Letterman[134]
Dave Sinclair[135] b.1947 A-100 Caravan[136] Played his organ through a fuzz-box, to achieve a distorted guitar-like sound on the solos.[137]
Ethel Smith 1902[138]-1996[139] A Known as the "first lady of the Hammond organ".[140]
Jimmy Smith 1925–2005 B-3 Influential recordings for Blue Note in the late 1950s inspired several organists who became successful in the 1960s and 70s.[8]
Johnny "Hammond" Smith[141] 1933–1997[142] B-3[143]
Dr. Lonnie Smith[144] b. 1942[145]
Mark Stein B-3 Vanilla Fudge[146]
Dave Stewart L-100 Egg
Hatfield and the North
National Health
Bruford[147]

V

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Earl Van Dyke 1930–1992[148] The Funk Brothers Backed many Motown hits.[149]
Thijs van Leer b. 1948[150] L-100
XB-3[151]		 Focus[152]

W

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Rick Wakeman b. 1949 L-100
C-3		 Yes,
Strawbs,
English Rock Ensemble[153]
Fats Waller 1904–1943[154] A Started his career on pipe organ, then became an early adopter of the Hammond.[155]
Peter Weltner b. 1952 New B-3
 soloist
Organ-drums duo[156]
Steve Winwood b. 1948 The Spencer Davis Group,
Traffic,
Blind Faith[157]
Rick Wright 1943–2008 M-100
C-3		 Pink Floyd Founding member of Pink Floyd, upgraded from a Farfisa Compact Duo to an M-100 on stage in 1970.[158]

Y

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Larry Young 1940–1978 B-3[159]

References

Citations
  1. ↑ Bush & Kassel 2006, p. 168.
  2. ↑ Corbin 2006, p. 151.
  3. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 33–34.
  4. ↑ Vail 2002, p. 33.
  5. 1 2 3 Vail 2002, p. 15.
  6. ↑ Kirchner 2005, p. 384.
  7. ↑ Gioia, Ted (2011). The History of Jazz. Oxford University Press. pp. 293–295. ISBN 978-0-19-983058-9.
  8. 1 2 Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1170.
  9. ↑ Vail 2002, p. 21.
  10. 1 2 Johansen 2000, p. 65.
  11. ↑ Welch 1990, p. 73.
  12. 1 2 Allman & Light 2012, pp. 67–68.
  13. 1 2 Till 2010, p. 122.
  14. ↑ Macan 1997, p. 34.
  15. ↑ Masouri 2010, pp. 71, 596.
  16. ↑ Faragher 2011, pp. 14, 143.
  17. 1 2 Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 325.
  18. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 248.
  19. ↑ Fortner, Stephen (1 November 2010). "Time Machine – Jon Lord and Don Airey". Keyboard Magazine. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  20. ↑ "CRR Interview – Don Airey: It's Deep Purple & There's a Hammond". Classicrockrevisited.com. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  21. ↑ Allman & Light 2012, p. 100.
  22. ↑ Brown, Jake (2011). Tori Amos: In the Studio. ECW Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-55490-970-4.
  23. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 200.
  24. ↑ "Ron Galloway: Interview With the Zombie – Rod Argent On Gershwin, Bill Evans, Miles Davis & The Penny Lane Piano". Huffingtonpost.com. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  25. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 202.
  26. ↑ "Beat Instrumental & International Recording". Beat Publications Ltd. 1976. Retrieved 23 July 2014. I went into a shop with the cash and came out with a Hammond L122
  27. ↑ Melbourne, Doug (April 2009). "ReGenesis : Early Genesis for the modern keyboardist". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 28 August 2013. I was the proud owner of a Hammond M-102 Spinet organ (similar to the T-102 Tony Banks used)
  28. ↑ Christopulos, Jim; Smart, Phil (2005). Van der Graaf Generator, The Book: A History of the Band Van der Graaf Generator 1967 to 1978. Phil and Jim Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-9551337-0-1.
  29. ↑ Salewicz, Chris (31 January 2002). "Peter Bardens – Obituaries – News – The Independent". The Independent. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  30. ↑ Shapiro, Harry (2009). Jack Bruce: Composing Himself : the Authorised Biography. Jawbone Publishing Corp. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-906002-26-8.
  31. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 216.
  32. ↑ Brown, Geoff (2009). The Life of James Brown. Omnibus Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-857-12032-8.
  33. ↑ All About Jazz. "Milt Buckner @ All About Jazz". Musicians.allaboutjazz.com. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  34. ↑ Ritz, David (2013). Faith In Time: The Life Of Jimmy Scott. Da Capo Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7867-4989-8.
  35. ↑ "Jazz Organ History". Afana.org. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  36. ↑ McPherson, Douglas. "Key People". Keyboard Magazine. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  37. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 221.
  38. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 223.
  39. ↑ "Elbertina "Twinkie" Clark". The Clark Sisters (official website). Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  40. ↑ "The Charlatans singer Tim Burgess tells all in new book". BBC News. BBC. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  41. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 288.
  42. ↑ "Jazz Times". May 1998: 91. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  43. ↑ Stump, Paul (2000). Go Ahead John: The Music of John McLaughlin. SAF Publishing Ltd. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-946719-24-2.
  44. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 230.
  45. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 232.
  46. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 235.
  47. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 317.
  48. ↑ Harris, Craig. "Wild Bill Davis – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  49. ↑ Faragher 2011, pp. 242–245.
  50. ↑ Huey, Steve. "Joey DeFrancesco : Artist Biography". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  51. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 249.
  52. ↑ Enstice & Stockhouse 2004, pp. 96–110.
  53. ↑ Masouri, Jon (2010). Wailing Blues – The Story of Bob Marley's Wailers. Music Sales Group. p. 596. ISBN 978-0-85712-035-9.
  54. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 260.
  55. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 363.
  56. ↑ Cateforis, Theo (2011). Are We Not New Wave?: Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s. University of Michigan Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-472-03470-3.
  57. ↑ Nollen, Scott Allen (2002). Jethro Tull: A History of the Band, 1968–2001. McFarland. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7864-1101-6.
  58. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 263.
  59. ↑ Williams, Richard (21 April 2008). "Obituary : Danny Federici". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  60. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 266.
  61. ↑ "The Blockheads – Mick Gallagher". The Blockheads (official website). Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  62. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 479.
  63. ↑ Radcliffe, Mark (2012). Showbusiness – The Diary of a Rock 'n' Roll Nobody. Hachette UK. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-4447-5556-5.
  64. ↑ Romano, Will (2010). Mountains Come Out of the Sky: The Illustrated History of Prog Rock. Backbeat Books. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-61713-375-6.
  65. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 273.
  66. ↑ Gary Geldeart, Steve Rodham (2008). Jimi Hendrix – from the Benjamin Franklin Studios 3rd Edition Part 1: The Complete Guide to the Recorded Work of Jimi Hendrix. Jimpress. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-952-76865-4.
  67. ↑ Ramsey, Doug (10 October 2012). "The Atsuko Hashimoto Sets". Rifftides. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  68. ↑ Marsh, Peter (22 July 2014). "Decoy & Joe McPhee – Spontaneous Combustion Review". BBC Music. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  69. ↑ "Soul icon Isaac Hayes dies at 65". BBC News. 11 August 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  70. ↑ Easlea, Daryl (2009). "Hot Buttered Soul Review". BBC Music. BBC. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  71. ↑ "Ken Hensley – credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  72. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 277.
  73. ↑ Liebman, Roy (2008). Musical groups in the movies, 1929–1970. McFarland. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7864-3484-8.
  74. ↑ "Chris Holland – Credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  75. ↑ "BBC Radio – Programmes : Jazz & Blues". BBC. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  76. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, pp. 610–612.
  77. ↑ "Transitions Organ Duo". Unit Records. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  78. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 283.
  79. 1 2 Faragher 2011, p. 214.
  80. ↑ Encyclopedia of African American Music. ABC-CLIO. 2010. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-313-34199-1.
  81. ↑ Bowman, Rob (1997). Soulsville, U.S.A.: The Story of Stax Records. Music Sales Group. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8256-7284-2.
  82. ↑ Hoskyns, Barney (2012). Led Zeppelin: The Oral History of the World's Greatest Rock Band. John Wiley & Sons. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-118-22111-2.
  83. ↑ "War Stories by Lonnie Jordan". Barnes and Noble.
  84. ↑ Welch 2009, p. 65.
  85. ↑ Welch 2009, p. 188.
  86. ↑ "Al Kooper – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  87. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 291.
  88. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 295.
  89. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 296.
  90. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 762.
  91. ↑ "Ron Levy – Music biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  92. ↑ Botnick, Bruce (2007). L.A. Woman (booklet). Rhino Records. R2-101155.
  93. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 306.
  94. ↑ "Hank Marr biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  95. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 311.
  96. ↑ "Page McConnell biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  97. ↑ "Hammond B3 organ". Page McConnell (official site). 23 February 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  98. ↑ Vail 2002, p. 168.
  99. ↑ Mason, S. Allmusic Review, January 16, 2013
  100. ↑ "Jack McDuff – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  101. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 831.
  102. ↑ "Jimmy McGriff – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  103. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 315.
  104. ↑ Scully, Rock; Dalton, David (1996). Living with the Dead: Twenty Years on the Bus with Garcia and the Grateful Dead. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 150–151. ISBN 978-0-8154-1163-5.
  105. ↑ "Ian McLagan biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  106. ↑ Bonanno, Massimo (2013). The Rolling Stones: the first 50 years. LA CASE Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-88-97526-88-9.
  107. ↑ Vail 2002, p. 18.
  108. ↑ "John Medeski – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  109. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 317.
  110. ↑ "Lee Michaels – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  111. ↑ "CMJ New Music Monthly" (28). CMJ Network, Inc. December 1995: 64. ISSN 1074-6978.
  112. ↑ Talevski, Nick (2010). Rock Obituaries – Knocking On Heaven's Door. Omnibus Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-85712-117-2.
  113. ↑ Jackson, Blair (2000). Garcia: An American Life. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-14-029199-5.
  114. ↑ BY  JON REGEN (8 May 2012). "Ambrosia's "Biggest Part of Me"". KeyboardMag. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  115. ↑ Tubular Bells (Media notes). Virgin Records. 1973. V2001.
  116. ↑ Tubular Bells II (Media notes). WEA. 1992. 4509906182.
  117. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 986.
  118. ↑ "Don Patterson – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  119. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 324.
  120. 1 2 "Keyboard hero Billy Preston dies". BBC News. BBC. 7 June 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  121. ↑ Everett, Walter. The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology. Oxford University Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-19-512941-0.
  122. ↑ "Alan Price – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  123. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 326.
  124. ↑ The Canadian Press (29 August 2007). "Dr. Music, Doug Riley, dies at 62". Charlottetown Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
  125. ↑ Forbes=Roberts, Ron (2006). One Long Tune: The Life and Music of Lenny Breau. University of North Texas Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-57441-230-7.
  126. ↑ "Billy Ritchie – credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  127. ↑ Sounds of Rebellion: Music in the 1960s. Britannica Educational Publishing. 2012. ISBN 978-1-61530-913-9.
  128. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 338.
  129. ↑ "Merl Saunders – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  130. ↑ "Rhoda Scott – credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  131. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1128.
  132. ↑ Enstice & Stockhouse 2004, pp. 287–288.
  133. ↑ "Paul Shaffer – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  134. ↑ "Paul Shaffer's Letterman keyboard rig". Keyboard Magazine. 16 Dec 2009. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  135. ↑ Buckley, P. (ed) (2003), The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides, p.171.
  136. ↑ In The Land of Grey and Pink (Media notes). Deram. 1971. UICY-9058.
  137. ↑ Irvin, Jim, ed. (2007). The Mojo Collection: The Ultimate Music Companion. Canongate Books. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-841-95973-3.
  138. ↑ "Social Security Death Index : Ethel Smith". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  139. ↑ "Ethel Smith". Toledo Blade. 20 May 1996. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  140. ↑ Speed, Burgess; Anderson, Eleanor; Metcalf, Steve (2004). Leroy Anderson: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-313-32176-4.
  141. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1173.
  142. ↑ "Johnny "Hammond" Smith – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  143. ↑ "Artists & Music". Billboard. 9 August 1997. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  144. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1174.
  145. ↑ "Dr Lonnie Smith – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  146. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 372.
  147. ↑ Bloom, Lee. "Bruford – Gradually Going Tornado". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  148. ↑ "Earl Van Dyke – Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  149. ↑ Carson, David (2006). Grit, Noise, and Revolution: The Birth of Detroit Rock 'n' Roll. University of Michigan Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-472-03190-0.
  150. ↑ Fowles, Paul; Wade, Graham (2012). Concise History of Rock Music. Mel Bay Publications. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-61911-016-8.
  151. ↑ "Thijs van Leer" (in Dutch). Turning Wheel. January 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  152. ↑ Randall, David (2002). In and Out of Focus. SAF Publishing Ltd. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-946719-44-0.
  153. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 374.
  154. ↑ "Fats Waller – Music Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  155. ↑ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1296.
  156. ↑ "Mr. Power of Hammond Sound". Stadt Magazin (in German) (55). October 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  157. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 381.
  158. ↑ Mason, Nick (2004). Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd (New ed.). Widenfeld & Nicolson. p. 130. ISBN 0-297-84387-7.
  159. ↑ Faragher 2011, p. 385.
Bibliography
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/9/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.