The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down
Author Anne Fadiman
Country United States
Language English
Publisher Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Publication date
 1997 and 1998
Media type Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages 352
ISBN 978-0-374-52564-4
OCLC 47352453

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures is a 1997 book by Anne Fadiman that chronicles the struggles of a Hmong refugee family from Houaysouy, Sainyabuli Province, Laos,[1] the Lees, and their interactions with the health care system in Merced, California. In 2005 Robert Entenmann, Ph.D., of St. Olaf College wrote that the book is "certainly the most widely read book on the Hmong experience in America."[2]

On the most basic level, the book tells the story of the family's second youngest and favored daughter, Lia Lee, who was diagnosed with severe epilepsy, and the culture conflict that obstructs her treatment.

Through miscommunications about medical dosages and parental refusal to give certain medicines due to mistrust, misunderstandings, and behavioral side effects, and the inability of the doctors to develop more empathy with the traditional Hmong lifestyle or try to learn more about the Hmong culture, Lia's condition worsens. The dichotomy between the Hmong's perceived spiritual factors and the Americans' perceived scientific factors comprises the overall theme of the book.

The book is written in a unique style, with every other chapter returning to Lia's story and the chapters in-between discussing broader themes of Hmong culture, customs, and history; American involvement in and responsibility for the war in Laos; and the many problems of immigration, especially assimilation and discrimination. While particularly sympathetic to the Hmong, Fadiman presents the situation from the perspectives of both the doctors and the family. An example of medical anthropology, the book has been cited by medical journals and lecturers as an argument for greater cultural competence, and often assigned to medical, pharmaceutic, and anthropological students in the US. In 1997, it won the National Book Critics Circle Award for General Nonfiction.[3]

Major characters

Lia Lee (Romanized Popular Alphabet: Liab Lis,[4] July 19, 1982 – August 31, 2012.[5]): She was born in Merced, CA, and she was a Hmong child. She had seizures due to epilepsy.

Anne Fadiman: She is an author and narrator of ‘The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down’. She wrote about her experience with Lia and her family. Through this experience, she learned the importance of understanding about diversity of culture between doctor, patient, and family.

Neil Ernst and Peggy Philp: They are Lia’s doctors at MCMC. There is conflict between them and Lia's parents because of Hmong shamanism culture versus western medicine. This leads to great misunderstandings between each other.

Foua Yang and Nao Kao Lee: They are Lia’s parents, and they love Lia very much. They only believe in their traditional approach to medical treatment, with a strong influence from shamanism.

Jeanine Hilt: A social worker who makes Lia her personal cause. She fights against the medical establishment on Lia’s behalf and cares for the Hmong as a significant culture.[6][7]

Summary

Mercy Medical Center Merced, previously the Merced Community Medical Center; this is a new building and not the previous building where Lia Lee was taken

Lia experienced her first seizure at three months of age, but a resident at Merced Community Medical Center misdiagnosed her condition, and the hospital was unable to communicate with her parents since the hospital had no Hmong interpreters. Anne Fadiman wrote that Lia's parents did not give her medication as it was prescribed because they believed that Lia Lee's state showed a sense of spiritual giftedness, and they did not want to take that away. The American doctors did not understand the Hmong traditional remedies that the Lee family used. The doctors treating Lia Lee, Neil and Peggy Ernst, had her removed from her home when she was almost three years of age, and placed into foster care for one year, causing friction with her parents. By age 4½ Lia Lee had been admitted to hospital care 17 times and had made over 100 outpatient visits.[8]

The worst seizure Lia had put her onto the verge of death. She went to the emergency room and Dr. Neil Ernst could not do anything. He talked to Lia's parents about transferring her to Fresno, California because Lia would need further treatment that Dr. Ernst could not provide. Lia's parents ". . . believed their daughter was transferred not because of her critical condition but because of the Ernst's vacation plans". Lia Lee slipped into a coma after suffering from a grand mal seizure in 1986, when she was four years of age. Lia Lee's doctors believed she would die, but Lia Lee remained alive but with no higher brain functions.[8]

Research

Fadiman's sources for information about the history of the Hmong include Hmong: History of a People by Keith Quincy. She stated "Were I citing the source of each detail, Quincy's name would attach itself to nearly every sentence in the pages on the Hmong in China."[7] Fadiman's book cited the Quincy theory that the Hmong people originated from Siberia.[9] Entenmann wrote that because of the reliance on Quincy's book, Fadiman's book propagates the idea that Sonom was a Hmong king, a concept that Entenmann says is inaccurate.[2]

Legacy

Marilyn Mochel, a nurse and clinical educator at Sutter Merced Medical Center (now Mercy Medical Center Merced), who heads the hospital's cross-cultural program, said in 1999 that "The book has allowed more dialogue. There's certainly more awareness and dialogue than before. Both sides are teachers and learners."[10]

Lia Lee lived in a persistent vegetative state for 26 years. She died in Sacramento, California, on August 31, 2012 at the age of 30.[5] At that age she weighed 47 pounds (21 kg) and was 4 feet 7 inches (1.40 m) tall; many children with severe brain damage have limited growth as they age.[11] Outside of the State of California Lia Lee's death was not widely reported. Fadiman said that pneumonia was the immediate cause of death. Margalit Fox of The New York Times said "[b]ut Lia’s underlying medical issues were more complex still" because she had lived in a persistent vegetative state for such a long period of time. As of 2012 most individuals who go into that state die three to five years afterwards.[5]

Reception

Ralph Jennings of The Modesto Bee said "Hmong, including some among the 2,000 in Modesto, say the book typified conflicts between their culture and American institutions. But some say it didn't capture the complexity of the Hmong culture."[10]

Cheng Lee, a brother of Lia Lee, said that his father and mother liked Fadiman's book.[10]

“Compellingly written, from the heart and from the trenches. I couldn’t wait to finish it, then reread it and ponder it again. It is a powerful case study of a medical tragedy.” - David H. Mark, Journal of the American Medical Association

Anne Fadiman's essay "Hmong Odyssey," adapted from the book, was published in the March–April 1998 Via. The Hmong community leaders in Fresno, California praised the essay, saying that it was thoughtful and accurate.[12]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Fadiman. "Foua and Nao Kao." The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1997. 103. "[...]I asked her to describe a typical day in Houaysouy, the village in the northwestern province of Sayaboury where the Lee family had lived."
  2. 1 2 Entenmann, Robert. "The Myth of Sonom, the Hmong King." (Archived 2014-07-11 at WebCite) Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 6, 2005. p. 1. Retrieved on July 11, 2014.
  3. ↑ National Book Critics Circle - past awards
  4. ↑ Fadiman, Anne. "Note on Hmong Orthography, Pronunciation, and Quotations." The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1997. 292.
  5. 1 2 3 Fox, Margalit. "Lia Lee Dies; Life Went On Around Her, Redefining Care." The New York Times. September 14, 2012. 1. Retrieved on October 23, 2012.
  6. ↑ Clapsaddle, Diane (20 Mar 2015), "The Spirit Catches You Study Guide02", TheBestNotes.com, retrieved 12 Apr 2016
  7. 1 2 Fadiman (September 30, 1998), The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down (PDF), ISBN 9781429931113
  8. 1 2 Fox, Margalit. "Lia Lee Dies; Life Went On Around Her, Redefining Care." The New York Times. September 14, 2012. 2. Retrieved on October 23, 2012.
  9. ↑ Pfeifer, Mark E. (Hmong Cultural and Resource Center). "Overview of Recent Scholarship on Premodern Hmong History" (Archived 2014-07-11 at WebCite). Hmong Studies Journal at Hmong Studies Internet Resource Center. Presentation at the "“Building on Hmong Women’s Assets: Past, Present, and Future” September 16-17, 2005, St. Paul/Minneapolis, MN" (Archive).
  10. 1 2 3 Jennings, Ralph. "MERCED HOSPITAL FILLS CULTURAL PRESCRIPTION." The Modesto Bee. Sunday March 21, 1999. B3. Retrieved on March 12, 2012.
  11. ↑ Fox, Margalit. "Lia Lee Dies; Life Went On Around Her, Redefining Care." The New York Times. September 14, 2012. 3. Retrieved on October 23, 2012.
  12. ↑ "ESSAY VS. APOLOGY DIVIDE HMONG * FRESNO LEADERS SAY AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION SHOULD APOLOGIZE ONCE MORE, AND MORE DIRECTLY." Fresno Bee. Wednesday March 4, 1998. Telegraph A1. Retrieved on March 12, 2012.

External sources

New England Journal of Medicine article 1

New England Journal of Medicine article 2

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