Leninsky Komsomol class of cargo ships

Soviet merchant ship Leninsky Komsomol, the first of the Leninsky Komsomol class, was equipped with cargo derricks and 2 heavy-lift derricks. Photo c1960.

Parizhskaya Kommuna, the last ship of Leninsky Komsomol class, was equipped with cargo cranes and 2 heavy-lift derricks.

Leninsky Komsomol class and sometimes Leninskiy Komsomol class or Leninskij Komsomol class (Russian: Ленинский Комсомол класс) is a class of 25 ocean-going dry cargo sister ships; tweendeckers with turbine main engines, which constructions were completed between 1959 and 1968 in the Soviet Union shipyards as per Projects 567 and 567K.^[1] The ships of this class were built byt the Kherson Shipyard (20 ships) and the Nikolayev Shipyard (or Nosenko Shipyard in Nikolayev) (5 ships) as per program for modernization of the Soviet Union merchant fleet. Nikolayev Shipyard was renamed later as Black Sea Shipyard.

Leninsky Komsomol - the official and register English name of the first ship of this class and the class of cargo ships received the same name on English.
Leninskiy Komsomol - it is other Soviet river vessel English name. On Russian names of sea and river ships equally. Sometimes this English name was used as name of the ship and mentioned class of ships in press or literatur after 1975. It is register English name of river vessel which was built after 1975.
Leninskij Komsomol - sometimes used this name as some persons translate Russian name on English like this.

The Leninsky Komsomol class ships were the first Soviet Union merchant vessels turbine-runners (with turbine engine).

This class of sister ships was named after the first ship in this class - the ship Leninsky Komsomol. This first vessel was laid on 25 September 1957 and was handed over to Black Sea Shipping Company on 23 December 1959. The last ship in this class was named Parizhskaya Kommuna (Russian: Парижская Коммуна) which was taken into operation on 17 December 1968. This is the third class in Black Sea Shipping Company as per number of ships in class. And this class last ship Parizhskaya Kommuna was the first Soviet Union merchant ship with controllable pitch propeller and the largest ship with gas-turbine main engine around the World at the time of her launching.

This class of vessels was excellent for transatlantic traffic. Good speed, maneuverability and seaworthiness forced the foreign experts draw the attention in the design of this type of vessels.^[2] The ships had high free board and due to this excellent stability and seaworthiness.

History

The ship «Физик Курчатов» in Casilda port. The photo is captured by an RF-101 pilot with the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing on Nov. 6, 1962, while the aircraft itself casts a shadow over the port.

Soviet tweendecker Metallurg Anosov with deck cargo of eight missile transporters with canvas-covered missiles, departs Cuba on November 7, 1962.

A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3A-20-LO Orion (BuNo 150497) of Patrol Squadron VP-44 flies over the Soviet ship Metallurg Anosov and destroyer USS Barry (DD-933) during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Photo taken 10 November 1962.

Metallurg Anosov, some crewmembers of this ship and their families in Odessa port after the vessel's voyage Nakhodka-Japan-Sydney. May or summer, 1964.

U.S. Navy patrol aircraft flies over the stern of Soviet turbine-runner Metallurg Anosov. On the approaches to Cuba. At the stern, A boat for overboard works installed on the stern.

Metallurg Anosov during the cargo operations at Cuba. Photo between June 1964 and September 1967.

Soviet merchant ship Ravenstvo at anchor in July, 1979.

Project 567 was developed at the Central Design Bureau Chernomorsudoproekt (CDB ChSP) in Nikolayev. Major designers: Bohonevich K.I., Sidorov B.K. and Sibir' F.V.
Ships of this class have been designed for use:

as the merchant ships during the peaceful time;
as "blockade runners" in case of any blockade of friendly states;
as fast troop transports after their mobilization, arms and inclusion in the Soviet Navy military transports group in case of war.

Leninsky Komsomol class of cargo ships were not an accidental episode in the development of Soviet shipbuilding. History of dual-purpose ships in Russia begins in the age of sailing ships and paddle steamer fleet. Russia's defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856 and the prohibition for Russia to contain Navy fleet in the Black Sea as per the terms of the Paris Congress of 1856. It is led to the expansion of the practice to build merchant ships with enhanced strength and speed that run under the pennants of Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company (ROPIT) Voluntary Fleet (Dobroflot), and other shipping companies of the Russian Empire during the peaceful time. This situation allows to mobilize quickly about 200 merchant ships for Russian Imperial Navy after the First World War in the Black Sea only.^[3]

During the Soviet Union historical period and shorter time Soviet shipbuilders mastered successfully the construction of several types of high-speed (for that time) ocean-going cargo ships dual-purpose-use and started their mass production. Leninsky Komsomol class of turbine-runners with deadweight of 16 thousand tons, with six holds and six tweendecks, with cabins for one or two crewmembers each was built in Nikolayev and Kherson.^[3]

The construction of new Leninsky Komsomol class dry cargo ship's on the motherland shipyards in Nikolayev and Kherson demonstrates mastery of the Soviet Black Sea shipbuilders and the increased level of the shipbuilding industry in the Soviet Union. This new ships operated mainly in the Black Sea Shipping Company, home port of Odessa.^[3] The Black Sea Shipping Company included 270 ocean-going ships about on beginning of 1980s and was considered the largest around the World shipping company as per number of vessels due to serial and mass construction of ships in the 1960s and 1970s.

Leninsky Komsomol class ships were used as a "blockade runners" to break the Cuba blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis including "Operation Anadyr".^[4] 57 ships of the Black Sea Shipping Company were involved in breaking the blockade. And from Leningrad, the Rissian North, Riga and the Far Eastern Shipping Companies participated 34 vessel.^[5] After the ships of Leninsky Komsomol class were used to carry out military cargo to Angola, Vietnam and other countries in the military conflicts zone during the Cold War.

When was 1973 Arab-Israeli War, eight Soviet Union Leninsky Komsomol class cargo ships carried out military cargo in Syria and Egypt in October and on beginning of November 1973:

Leninsky Komsomol arrived Alexandria on 28 of October, 1973.
Fizik Kurchatov visited Alexandria 2 times and Latakia 1 time.
Bratstvo arrived in Latakia on the 20 of October, 1973.
Khimik Zelinskiy
Krasnyy Oktyabr
Leninsky Pioner
Yunyi Leninets
Parizhskaya Kommuna

Also other classes of merchant ships took carried military cargoes in Siria and Egypt during mentioned perion in 1973, but eight ships of Leninsky Komsomol class were used and it is more than each other class of Soviet merchant ships took part in this carriages.

Usually a class of sister ships called by the name of the first launched and delivered vessel in this class. The first launched and delivered ship received name Leninsky Komsomol. No doubt that the first ship in this class received name Leninsky Komsomol due to the KGB USSR had interest in building similar ships and the KGB USSR was led consistently by former Komsomol leaders Shelepin А.Н. and Semichastny V.E. (See the article Shelepintsy - the former Komsomol workers working in KGB USSR and the CPSU Semichastny V.E., Mesyatsev N.N. and others.).

Тhree Leninsky Komsomol class cargo ships were transferred to the Soviet Union Navy for use as a large dry cargo transports in 1985-1986. One of these ships Ravenstvo was trasfered to the Soviet Navy in 1985. And two more Akademik Szymanski and Leninsky Pioner were trasfered to the Soviet Navy in 1986.

Ship's particulars.^[1]

Project 567 was developed at the Central Design Bureau Chernomorsudoproekt (CDB ChSP) in Nikolayev.
Major designers:

Bohonevich K.I. (until 1956)
Sidorov B.K. (1956–1961)
Sibir' F.V. (from 1961)

This class ships were built on the Kherson Shipyard (20 ships) and on the Nikolayev Shipyard (or Nosenko Shipyard in Nikolayev) (5 ships) as per program for modernization of the Soviet Union merchant fleet. Nikolayev Shipyard was renamed later as Black Sea Shipyard.
The first ship laid on in 1957 and was built and handed over in December 1959. The last ship was built and handed over in 1968.
Тotal 25 vessels of were built, of which 20 - in Kherson, 5 - in Nikolaev.

Outwardly the Leninsky Komsomol class ships with cargo derricks are similar to the ships US "Mariner class", - three structures (long forecastle, accommodation superstructure at the middle and aftcastle), the Engine Room at the middle, sloping nose, cruising (round) stern. The Leninsky Komsomol class ships had the same length about and less width.^[6]

All ships worked in the Black Sea Shipping Company under the Ministry of Merchant Marine Fleet in USSR. Three ships of this series were transferred to the USSR Navy in 1985-1986 to use as a large dry cargo transports.

Ship Type: multipurpose tweendecker, dry cargo freighter
As per engine type: steam-turbine far all sister ships except gas-turbine for Parizhskaya Communa.
Structural type: two decks (tweendecker), three structures (long forecastle, accommodation superstructure at the middle and aftcastle), the Engine Room at the middle, sloping nose and cruising (round) stern.
Purpose: carriage of general and grain cargoes.

Navigation area: unlimited.
Cruising range: 12 000 miles

Displacement: 2225 т (first ship in this series)^[7]
Gross tonnage: 11 926 mt
Deadweight: 16 185 mt
Gross registered tonnage (GRT) - 13 270 register tones
Net registered tonnage (NRT) - 6 866 register tones

Hull

Length overall: 169.9 to 179 m
Width: 21.8 to 22.6 m
Moulded depth amidships: from 12.9 to 16 m
Draft: from 9.73 m to 12 m about

Dimensions (length, width, depth, draft, etc.) and tonnage (capacity, deadweight, GRT and NRT) of this sister ships had small difference (so length was between 169 and 179 m) but the shape of the hull and the proportions were the same.

New hull with improved shapes had been developed for ships in Leninsky Komsomol class. It should be noted that the hulls of this merchant ships had successful design and shapes and the same forms of hull was used for the construction of the next series of merchant ships in the USSR in future. That were merchant ships of series Slavyansk, Kapitany - the superstructure was moved more to stern, number of hold designed 5 due to holds were larger, etc.

After first turbine-runner Leninsky Komsomol every next sister ship of Leninskiy Komsomol class was refined and improved. So, if the first sister ships were equipped with cargo booms the sister ships from 1961 and later were equipped with the brand new Soviet-made cargo cranes. But location structures, the number of holds were the same.

Engines

Engines for all sister ships in Leninsky Komsomol series were made at the Kirov Plant (Leningrad, USSR) and installed on the Kherson and Nikolayev shipyards accordingly.

Power: 13000/14300 hp

The ship Leninsky Komsomol had speed 18.2 knots - it was the first vessel in this serie.^[7]
Maximum speed of other sister ships: in cargo condition 19.2, in ballast condition 20.4 knots - it was more than the usual speed of merchant ships at that time. But first ship in this class had speed 18.5 knots about.

All ships in this class except last ship Parizhskaya Kommuna were equipped with a steam turbine turbo gear unit "ТС-1" consisting of double-case turbine and gear that were fed by two fuel oil boilers with capacity 25 tons of steam per hour at pressure of 42 atmospheres and temperature 470 °C. Turbine power was 13 000 hp giving 1000 rpm at full speed. Gearbox lowered that number of rpm to 100 in the transition to the propeller. One four-bladed propeller of bronze had diameter 6.3 m. Processes to manage by boilers and turbine were automated.

Last vessel in the "Parizhskaya Communa" was built in 1968 and were equipped with a gas turbine "ГТУ-20" power 13 000 hp that was made in the Kirov Plant in Leningrad. "GTU-20" had power 13,000 hp and permitted to reach speeds 19 knots. At that time it was the largest merchant freighter with gas turbine engine around the World.

There were frequent breakdowns of the turbine during the high revolutions and high speed. If one turbine blade was damaged during full speed the ship received a push with such force that people on the deck were dropped down and people carried height works fell down and injured. Heightened fuel consumption at high speed of turbine in the face of rising fuel prices made the operation of the ship is too much expensive. It is why commenced gradation of speed for ships:

Maximum speed - the speed that was noted from shipyard in delivery day which a ship could develop in case of emergency (for example, in case a ship needs to get away from the chase; in case a ship needs to arrive at destination port in time);
Operation speed - the speed at which the ship's engines did not receive damages often;
Economic speed - speed that is profitable from the economic point of view and taking into account the prevention of damage to the engine room.

Cargo holds, cargo gear of "Leninsky Komsomol" class sister ships and the rate of cargo operations

6 cargo holds - total bale capacity for 19 925 cubic meters, bulk capacity 23 355 cubic meters.

Only four ships of Lenisky Komsomol class ships had been specially equipped for the transportation of troops and weapons including long-range missiles. One of them is Metallurg Anosov. Length overall of this ship is 9.1 m longer than first ship in this class Leninsky Komsomol. Also width, moulded depth and cargo hold's openings increased.

This sister ships have been equipped with one of two options of cargo gear due Soviet cargo cranes for the ships were designed and were installed on every "Leninsky Komsomol" class vessel from 1961. Only 4 first sister ships were equipped by cargo derricks only. And from 1961 including this year all other sister-ships were equipped by the cranes made in U.S.S.R.

Option 1 - ship equipped with cargo booms (cargo derricks) and 2 heavy-lift derricks:

16 cargo derricks lifting 5.0 mt. Onle for holds №1 and №6 were serviced by 2 derricks each, and each other hold - 4 derricks each (Only holds number 3 and 4 had 2 derricks lifting 5 mt and 2 derrikcs lifring 10 mt each hold).
4 cargo derricks lifting 10.0 mt each.
Automated derricks were equipped with winches like cranes and managed by one person, which could work with two combined derricks also.
2 heavy lift derricks 60.0 metric tons each. Like this derricks were operated by 2 persons due to 2 columns of control for each derrick were installed on the mast separately like for 2 persons.
5 masts: 4 of them were /\-shaped construction to fix cargo derricks 5 mt each and one of them on the accommodation superstructure in the center of the vessel.
2 pairs of cargo gear column to fix cargo derricks of 10 mt derricks.

Option 2 - ship equipped with cargo cranes and 2 heavy-lift derricks:

12 cargo electric cranes type "КЭ-26" carrying capacity 5.0 t - 2 crane for each hold.
2 heavy derricks with capacity of 60.0 tons each.
3 masts: one of them on the accommodation superstructure in the center of the vessel and other 2 masts to fix 2 heavy-lift derricks.

The possibility of self-defense

In the event of mobilization this sister ships involves anti-aircraft guns installation on rotary places of dismantled cargo cranes.

The ability to use high speed gives possibility to escape quickly from chase or to leave the dangerous area in time.

Crew and conditions for crew members

Crew: first vessels had beds for 51 persons (10 spare beds) originally and last vessels had beds for 48 persons or fewer from beginning. The Soviet shipping companies began reducing the crews of merchant ships in the late 1960s which lasted until the 1990s. It is why thу sister ships had crew 35 persons about in the end of their life - that is about half of the original quantity. Accordingly, cabins were made initially for one-, two- and four-persons on this ships and in the 1970s the 4-beds cabins converted into a two-bed.

The first developments of ship's air conditioning systems in the Soviet Union took place in 1957–1958 when Soviet plants had created the first radiator and first time sea and big river ships had been built with comfortable Soviet Union made air-conditioned including first cargo ship Leninsky Komsomol in self-titled serie.^[8]

List of ships in Leninsky Komsomol class, project 567 and 567K

All ships after construction were handed oved to the Black Sea Shipping Company in the date of built except the ship Parishskaya Kommuna which was handed over to this Company after long time sea trials.

Kherson Shipyard

Official № Register № Call Sign IMO number	Original name English name Speed in cargo / ballast Cargo gear	Keel laid down date Launching date Delivery date Scrapped or Lost	Displacement Deadweight GT GRT / NRT	Length x Breadth Moulded depth Draft in cargo Draft in ballast	History
1201 М-22384 UQIM 5206166	Ленинский Комсомол Leninsky Komsomol 18,2 kn / ? Cargo gear - derricks	25 September 1957 11 April 1959 23 December 1959 1988	22200 mt 15980 mt 11094 (12017) mt ? / ?	169,9 x 21,8 m 12,9 m 9,73 m ?	The ship was renamed Унгур by Black Sea Shipping Company on 31 of January 1986. The ship was decommissioned and sold for scrap (unknown place) in 1988. Scrapped in 1988.^[9]^[10]^[11]
1202 М-22511 UWQU 5233468	Металлург Байков Metallurg Baykov ---------- Cargo gear - derricks	25 March 1958 ? 24 July 1960 1985	? 16020 / 16090 mt 11094 (12017) mt ? / ?	? / ? ? ? ?	Scrapped in Valencia in 1985.^[12]^[13]
1203 М-22528 UERM 5233482	Металлург Курако Metallurg Kurako 19 knots Cargo gear - cranes	18 February 1959 ? 2 November 1961 15 November 1986	? 16003 / 16100 mt 11243 mt 12285 /	169,9 x 21,8 m 12,9 m 9,7 m ?	The ship was sold by Black Sea Shipping Company to Furusawa Kozei Co. Ltd. in 1986. Furusawa Kozei Co. Ltd. began demolition of the vessel at Etajima, Japan on 15 of November 1986.^[10]^[14]
1204 М-22552 URDO 5397111	Юрий Гагарин Yuriy Gagarin ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	20 December 1959 22 April 1961 30 June 1961 2 July 1986	? 16195 mt ? 12285 / mt	? ? ?	The ship sold by Black Sea Shipping Company to Zuru Maritime Co. Lt., Cayman Islands and renamed Yuriy in 1986. The ship arrived at Kaohsiung, Taiwan and scrapped by Sing Cheng Yung Iron & Steel Co. on 02 of July 1986.^[10]
1205 ? URDP 5233470	Металлург Бардин Metallurg Bardin ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 17 October 1961 1986	? 16249 mt 11206 mt ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Bardin on 06 of June 1986 (U.K. flag). Sometimes the ship's name mentioned as Metallurg only. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986.^[15]^[16]
1206 ? UYOK 5186366	Хирург Вишневский Khirurg Vishnevsky ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 28 December 1961 June 1986	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Khirurg in 1986 (unknown flag) and scrapped Kaohsiung in June 1986.
1207 М-27523 UYOL 5186330	Химик Зелинский Khimik Zelinsky ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	30 January 1961 ? 8 April 1962 6 June 1994	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	"Khimik Zelinsky" was damaged by rocket on 19 of September 1980. It is happened close to Basra during the blockade of some Black Sea Shipping Company vessels when war between Iran and Iraq had place. After that The Ministry of Merchant Marine Fleet of the USSR signed off and sent at home all crewmembers of this vessel to prevent further danger to sailors. Local watchmen had been hired to guard vessel. After some time, the decision was taken to abandon the vessel and decommission the ship due to no any visible prospects to release the ship from the blockade. It is why the ship was taken away for scrap by locals later. The ship was renamed Dolphin VI and scrapped at Gadani Beach, Pakistan, on 06 of June 1994.^[17]^[18]
1208 М-27551 UYOM 5404093	Физик Курчатов Fizik Kurchatov 18.5 knots Cargo gear - cranes	20 March 1961 ? June 1962 August 1986	22225 mt 16247 mt ? ?	170 x 22.0 ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Kurchat, home flag Gorgetown (Cayman Islands) on 30 of April 1986 and scrapped at Kaohsiung (China) in August 1986.^[19]^[20]
1209 М-27552 USMW 5233456	Металлург Аносов Metallurg Anosov ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 29 September 1962 1986	? 16251 mt ? ?	179 x 22.6 m 16 m ? ?	The ship was renamed Anosov and home port was changed to George Town, Cayman Islands, on 21 of March 1986. The ship was decommissioned in May 1986. Scrapped at Qinhuangdao in 1986.
1210 ? UKJA 5196426	Красная Пресня Krasnay Presnya ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 16 December 1962 1986	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Krasnaya (unknown flag) in 1986. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986.
1211 ? UKER 5367283	Трансбалт Transbalt ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 29 December 1962 1986	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Orion (unknown flag) in 1986. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986.
1212 ? ULZB 5406338	Красный Октябрь Krasnyi Oktyabr ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 23 May 1963 1986	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Krasnyy (unknown flag) in 1986. Scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986.
1213 ? ULZD 5425736	Валентина Терешкова Valentina Nereshkova ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 30 June 1963 1989	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Valentina (unknown flag) in 1988. Scrapped in China in 1989.
1214 ? UDWH 6401517	Равенство Ravenstvo ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 30 September 1963 1991 or later	? 16255 mt GT = 11206 mt ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was sold for scrap in 1991, unknown place.^[21]
1215 М-27595 UDXO 6405044	Братство Bratstvo ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	20 September 1962 ? 29 December 1963 1985	? 16230 mt 11509 mt ?	? / ? ? ? ?	Due to collision with the Soviet submarine K-53 at Gibraltar Strait area in September 1984, the ship was towed to Algeciras, decommissioned in March 1985 and scrapped in Algesiras in 1985.^[22]
1216 ? UEAM 6412528	Свобода Svoboda ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 12 March 1964 Jule 1989	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was attacked in the Malacca Strait is 50 miles from Singapore on the 15 of January 1987. The group of pirates climb up on board at night for the purpose of robbery, but the crew neutralized them.^[23] Scrapped at Chittagong in Jule 1989.
1217 ? UYBV 6419485	Академик Шиманский Alademik Shimansky ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 27 June 1964 1986 or later (19.08.1988)	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was transferred to Soviet Pacific Navy Fleet and renamed Самара (Samara) in 1986. The fate of the ship is unknown after.
1218 ? UYBW 6511154	Кремль Kreml ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 28 September 1964 1986	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Krem (unknown flag) in 1986 and scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1986.
1219 ? UTKX 6612001	Парижская Коммуна Parizhskaya Kommuna ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	25 июня 1964 December 1965 17 December 1968 1992	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Pariz and transferred in 1991, unknown flag. Scrapped at Aliağa (Turkey) in 1992.^[1]
1220 ? UYCG 6511116	Юный Ленинец Yunyi Leninets ---------- Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 30 December 1964 1990	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	Scrapped in Chittagong in 1990.

Nikolayev Shipyard (During Soviet Union period Russian name of the city was Nikolayev, Ukrainian - Mykolaiv)

Official № Register № Call Sign IMO number	Original name English name Speed in cargo / ballast Cargo gear	Keel laid down date Launched date Delivery date Scrapped or Lost	Displacement Deadweight GT GRT / NRT	Length x Breadth Moulded depth Draft in cargo Draft in ballast	History
804 М-22509 UYYU 5115769	Физик Вавилов Fizik Vavilov ? / ? Cargo gear - derricks	? ? 1960 November 1984	? 16032 mt GT = 11094 mt ? / ?	? / ? ? ? ?	From 1960 in Black Sea Shipping Company. Scrapped in Huangpu River in November 1984.
805 М-22526 UYYV 5115757	Физик Лебедев Fizik Lebedev ? / ? Cargo gear - derricks	? ? 1960 1991	? ? ? ? / ?	? / ? ? ? ?	From 1960 in Black Sea Shipping Company. The ship was renamed Aragvi (unknown flag) in January 1986 and was sold for scrap. Sailed last voyage on 26 of January 1986. Scrapped in Qian-Jin (China) in 1991.^[24]^[25]
806 М-22554 UQDP 5120714	Фредерик Жолио-Кюри Frederik Jolio-Kyuri ? / ? Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 1961 1989	? 16215 ? ? / ?	? / ? ? ? ?	The ship was renamed Fred and changed home port to Basra (Iraq) in 1988. Scrapped at Alang (India) in May 1989.^[26]
807 М-27565 ULZW 5206178	Ленинский Пионер Leninsky Pioner ? / ? Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 1962 1987	? ? ? ?	? / ? ? ? ?	From 1962 in Black Sea Shipping Company. In 1986 transferred to the Soviet Navy for use as a large sea dry cargo transport and the same year renamed Колхида. The ship was sold for scrap in 1987 and the ship's name was removed from the Lloyd list in 1999 (to see down mentioned remark).^[27]
808 М-27588 ULZX 6401476	Красное Знамя Krasnoe Znamya ? / ? Cargo gear - cranes	? ? 1963 April 1986	? ? ? ? / ?	? / ? ? ? ?	From 1963 in Black Sea Shipping Company. The ship was renamed Krasnое in 1986, home port George Town, Cayman Islands. Scrapped Kaohsiung in April 1986.^[28]

Remark: Some questions arise around the fate of one vessel in this class - it is Ленинский Пионер (Leninsky Pioner) - the name of any ship can not be translated due to rules at sea and if translate from Russia we will receive Leninist Pioneer) due to dates of vessel's cutting and removing from the Lloyd's list are not the same. Leninsky Pioner was trasfered from Black Sea Shipping Company to the Soviet Black Sea Navy Fllet in 1986. The new container-ship Ленинский Пионер was lay out (commencement of construction) 0n 23 January 1987. This container ship had another call sign. It is not clear which vessel, which ship's name was removed from the Lloyd list in 1999.^[1]^[29]^[30]

Turbo-runners of Leninskiy Komsomol series in documentary film

Kozubenko Michael Yakovich (Russian: Козубенко Михаил Якович) - Soviet and Ukrainian cinematographer, who worked Odessa Film Studio from 1953 and made the documentary film "Turbo-runners of Leninsky Komsomol class" in 1959.

Advertising, postage stamps and other publications about Leninsky Komsomol class vessels

Advertising poster of the USSR Maritime Transport dated 1963 or 1964 represented the new, Soviet construction ships (turbine-runners): Leninsky Komsomol which was built by shipyards of the Ukrainian SSR and tanker "Sofia" that was built by Leningrad shipyard.

It is difficult to calculate how many newspaper and magazine articles have been written about Leninsky Komsomol class vessels.

Every book about the Kherson Shipyard history has pages about the construction of the Leninsky Komsomol class vessels as this sister ships are a significant milestone in shipbuilding history of U.S.S.R. and Kherson Shipyard. This vessels are not so famous for Nikolayev Shipyard history due to there were built only 5 sister ships and due to this shipyard built Navy ships mostly.

Many interesting articles, stories, pictures about Leninsky Komsomol class ships can be found out in Internet including on English language.

In 2009 the Marshall Islands issued a series of stamps dedicated to the Cuba Missile Crisis. On one stamp of this series depicts turbine-runner (in the description of the brand refer to ship Metallurg Kurako) surrounded by warship and patrol aircraft of USA Navy.^[10] It is depicted like the attached photo above with ship Metallurg Anosov in the same entourage including the US Navy ship with two and it is possible that Metallurg Anosov pictured on this stamp.

References

Cold War

USA USSR ANZUS NATO Non-Aligned Movement SEATO Warsaw Pact

1940s	Hukbalahap Rebellion Dekemvriana Yalta Conference Guerrilla war in the Baltic states Forest Brothers Operation Priboi Operation Jungle Occupation of the Baltic states Cursed Soldiers Operation Unthinkable Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair Operation Masterdom Operation Beleaguer Operation Blacklist Forty Iran crisis of 1946 Greek Civil War Corfu Channel incident Turkish Straits crisis Restatement of Policy on Germany First Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference Marshall Plan 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état Tito–Stalin Split Berlin Blockade Western betrayal Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Chinese Civil War (Second round) Malayan Emergency Albanian Subversion

1950s	Bamboo Curtain Korean War 1953 Iranian coup d'état Uprising of 1953 in East Germany 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Partition of Vietnam First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit (1955) Poznań 1956 protests Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Suez Crisis Syrian Crisis of 1957 Sputnik crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Bandung Conference Bricker Amendment McCarthyism Operation Gladio Iraqi July Revolution "We will bury you"

1960s	Congo Crisis Sino-Soviet split 1960 U-2 incident Bay of Pigs Invasion 1960 Turkish coup d'état Soviet–Albanian split Berlin Wall Portuguese Colonial War Angolan War of Independence Guinea-Bissau War of Independence Mozambican War of Independence Cuban Missile Crisis Sino-Indian War Communist insurgency in Sarawak Iraqi Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Vietnam War 1964 Brazilian coup d'état United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66) South African Border War Transition to the New Order Domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War 1966 Syrian coup d'état Argentine Revolution Korean DMZ Conflict Greek military junta of 1967–74 USS Pueblo incident Six-Day War War of Attrition Cultural Revolution Prague Spring Communist insurgency in Malaysia Invasion of Czechoslovakia Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution Goulash Communism Sino-Soviet border conflict CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion Corrective Move

1970s	Détente Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Black September in Jordan Corrective Movement (Syria) Cambodian Civil War Realpolitik Ping-pong diplomacy 1971 Turkish military memorandum Corrective Revolution (Egypt) Four Power Agreement on Berlin Bangladesh Liberation War 1972 Nixon visit to China North Yemen-South Yemen Border Conflict 1973 Chilean coup d'état Yom Kippur War Carnation Revolution Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Rhodesian Bush War Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Ogaden War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Sino-Albanian split Cambodian–Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Iranian Revolution Operation Condor Dirty War Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Saur Revolution New Jewel Movement 1979 Herat uprising Seven Days to the River Rhine Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

1980s	Soviet–Afghan War 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 1980 Turkish coup d'état Invasion of Grenada 1986 Black Sea incident 1988 Black Sea bumping incident Solidarity Soviet reaction Contras Central American crisis RYAN Korean Air Lines Flight 007 Able Archer 83 Star Wars People Power Revolution Nagorno-Karabakh War Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall Revolutions of 1989 Glasnost Perestroika

1990s	Mongolian Revolution of 1990 Yemeni unification Fall of Communism in Albania Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia

Frozen conflicts	Abkhazia China Korea Nagorno-Karabakh South Ossetia Transnistria Sino-Indian border dispute

Foreign policy	Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Domino theory Hallstein Doctrine Kennedy Doctrine Peaceful coexistence Ostpolitik Johnson Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Ulbricht Doctrine Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War

Ideologies	Capitalism Chicago school Keynesianism Monetarism Neoclassical economics Reaganomics Supply-side economics Thatcherism Communism Marxism–Leninism Castroism Eurocommunism Guevarism Hoxhaism Juche Maoism Naxalism Stalinism Titoism Liberal democracy Social democracy

Organizations	ASEAN CIA Comecon EEC KGB Non-Aligned Movement SAARC Safari Club MI6 Stasi

Propaganda	Active measures Izvestia Pravda Crusade for Freedom Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Red Scare TASS Voice of America Voice of Russia

Races	Arms race Nuclear arms race Space Race

See also	Brinkmanship NATO–Russia relations Soviet espionage in the United States Russian espionage in the United States American espionage in the Soviet Union Soviet Union–United States relations US–Soviet summits Cold War II

Category Portal Timeline List of conflicts

Soviet Union merchant ships, except tanker ships, which took part in Operation Anadyr in 1962.^[1]

Black Sea Shipping Company ships (Total 40 ships)	CARGO-PASSANGER SHIPS: «Адмирал Нахимов» (Admiral Nakhimov) «Грузия» (Gruziya) «Латвия» (Latviya) «Победа» (Pobeda) LENISKY KOMSOMOL CLASS OF DRY CARGO LINERS: «Ленинский Комсомол» (Leninskiy Komsomol) «Металлург Аносов» (Metallurg Anosov) «Металлург Байков» (Metallurg Baykov) «Металлург Бардин» (Metallurg Bardin) «Металлург Курако» (Metallurg Kurako) «Физик Вавилов» (Fizik Vavilov) «Физик Курчатов» (Fizik Kurchatov) «Физик Лебедев» (Fizik Lebedev) «Фредерик Жолио-Кюри» (Friderikh Zholio Kyuri) «Химик Зелинский» (Khimik Zelinskiy) «Хирург Вишневский» (Khirurg Vishnevskiy) «Юрий Гагарин» (Yuriy Gagarin) LENINOGORSK CLASS OF CARGO SHIPS (built in Poland): «Большевик Суханов» (Bol'shevik Sukhanov) «Лабинск» (Labinsk) «Лениногорск» (Leninogorsk) «Лесозаводск» (Lesozavodsk) «Партизан Бонивур» (Partizan Bonivur) «Солнечногорск» (Solnechnogorsk) «Дивногорск» (Divnogorsk) «Медногорск» (Mednogorsk) NIKOLAY PIRIGOV CLASS OF CARGO SHIPS (Built in France): «Иван Сеченов» (Ivan Sechenov) «Илья Мечников» (Il'ya Mechnikov) «Николай Бурденко» (Nikolai Burdenko) «Николай Пирогов» (Nikolai Pirogov) «Сергей Боткин» (Sergey Botkin) OTHER DRY CARGO SHIPS: «Беловодск» (Belovodsk) «Белорецк» (Beloretsk) «Богдан Хмельницкий» (Bogdan Khmel'nitskij) «Полтава» (Poltava) «Симферополь» (Simferopol’) «Ставрополь» (Stavropol') «Фролово» (Frolovo) DJANKOY CLASS OF COAL-ORE DRY CARRIERS (built in GDR): «Добруш» (Dobrusch) «Долматово» (Dolmatova) «Дубно» (Dubno) «Дубоссары» (Dubossary) танкер «Фестиваль», черноморский танкер «Гарибальди»

Baltic Shipping Company ships (Total 34 ships)	PASSANGER and CARGO-PASSANGER SHIPS: «Балтика» (Baltika) «Мария Ульянова» (Mariya Ulyanova) «М. Урицкий» (M. Uritskij) «Эстония» (PS Estoniya) ARKHANGELSK CLASS OF DRY CARGO SHIPS: «Алапаевск» (Alapayevsk) «Александровск» (Aleksandrovsk) «Альметьевск» (Al'met'evsk) «Аткарск» (Atkarsk) «Балтийск» (Baltijsk) «Бердянск» (Berdyansk) «Братск» (Bratsk) «Кировск» (Kirovsk) «Кисловодск» (Kislovodsk) «Льгов» (L’gov) «Мичуринск» (Michurinsk) «Сретенск» (Sretensk) «Черняховск» (Chernyakhovsk) CRASNOGRAD CLASS FO DRY CARGO SHIPS: «Касимов» (Kasimov) «Кимовск» (Kimovsk) «Ковров» (Kovrov) «Красноград» (Krasnograd) U.S. LIBERTY CLASS OF DRY CARGO SHIPS: «Емельян Пугачев» (Emilian Pugachew - in doubt that she was used in Operation Anadyr) «Иван Ползунов» (Ivan Polzunov - ex. Charles E.Duryea) «Севастополь» (Sevastopol' - ex. De Witt Clinton) «Советская Гавань» (Sovetskaya Gavan' - ex. Samuel A Worcester) OTHER CLASSES OF DRY CARGO SHIPS: «Ижевск» (Izhevsk) «Маршал Говоров» (Marshal Govorov) VOLGOLES CLASS OF TIMBER CARGO SHIPS: «Алатырьлес» (TC Alatyr’les) «Ангарсклес» (TC Angarskles) «Архангельсклес» (TC Arkhangel’skles) «Волголес» (TC Volgoles) «Двинолес» (TC Dvinoles) «Комилес» (TC Komiles) «Северолес» (TC Severoles)

Far East Shipping Company (Total 7 ships)	CARGO-PASSANGER SHIP: «Хабаровск» (Khabarovsk) DRY CARGO SHIPS: ««Емельян Пугачев» (Emilian Pugachew) «Омск» (Omsk) «Оренбург» (Orenburg) «Охотск» (Okhotsk) «Уссурийск» (Ussurijsk) REEFER SHIP: «Умань» (Uman)

Azov Shipping Company	COAL-ORE DRY CARRIERS: «Ургенч» (Urgench) «Усолье» (Usolye) «Устюжна» (Uatyuzhna)

Latvian Shipping Company	DRY CARGO SHIP: «Амата» (Amata) REEFER SHIP: «Кура» (Kura)

Murmansk Shipping Company	DRY CARGO SHIP: «Индигирка» (Indigirka)

Kamchatka Shipping Company	CARGO-PASSANGER SHIP: «Николаевск» (Nikolaevsk)

1 Refrigerated Cargo Ship 2 Heavy lift ship 3 Coaster 4 Collier 5 Cargo liner 6 Estuary tug

Soviet Union merchant ships which carried military cargoes to Syria and Egypt in October and November 1973, during the Arab-Israeli War.^[2]

Leninsky Komsomol class of cargo ships	«Ленинский Комсомол» (Leninskiy Komsomol) «Физик Курчатов» (Fizik Kurchatov) «Химик Зелинский» (Khimik Zelinskiy) «Братство» (Bratstvo) «Красный Октябрь» (Krasnyy Oktyabr) «Ленинский Пионер» (Leninskiy Pioner) «Юный Ленинец» (Yuniy Leninets) «Парижская коммуна» (Parizhskaya Kommuna)

Slavyansk class of cargo ships	«Серебрянск» (Serebryanak, сухогруз пр.1563) «Суэц» (Suetz, сухогруз пр.1563) «Сосногорск» (Sosnogorsk, сухогруз пр.1563) «Северодонецк» (Severodonetsk, сухогруз пр.1563) «Капитан Шанцберг» (Kapitan Shantsberg, сухогруз пр.1563) «Командарм Матвеев» (Komandarrm Matveyev, сухогруз пр.1563)

Mezhdurechensk class of cargo ships	«Междуреченск» (Mezhdurechensk, сухогруз пр.В-44) «Марнеули» (Marneuli, сухогруз пр.В-44) «Мацеста» (Matsesta, сухогруз пр. В-44)

Kommunist class of cargo ships	«Хо Ши Мин» (Ho Chi Minh, сухогруз пр. В-40) «Николай Кремлянский» (Nikolay Kremlyanskiy, сухогруз пр. В-40) «Роза Люксембург» (Roza Lyuksemburg, сухогруз пр.В-40)

Other classes of merchant ships	«Советск» (Sovetsk, сухогруз пр. В-43) «Салават» (Salavat, сухогруз пр. В-43)

Other classes of merchant ships	«Охотск» (Okhotsk) «Смена» (Smena) «Северодвинск» (Severodvinsk) «Донецкий Металлург» (Donetsky Metallurg, сухогруз пр.1562) «Николай Гоголь» (Nikolay Gogol, сухогруз тип ПУЛА) «Николай Бурденко» (Nikolay Burdenko, рефрижератор тип НИКОЛАЙ ПИРОГОВ) «Глеб Кржижановский» (Gleb Krzhizhanovskiy)

1 Refrigerated Cargo Ship 2 Heavy lift ship 3 Coaster 4 Collier 5 Cargo liner 6 Estuary tug

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