LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 44738-57

British Railways built twenty locomotives of the LMS Stanier Black Five type, fitted with Caprotti valve gear, in 1948. These were numbered 44738-57. The LMS Stanier Black Fives had been fitted with Walschaerts valve gear as standard. In 1947, as part of an experimental programme by George Ivatt to try to improve the already good design, (4)4767 was built with Stephenson link motion.[1] The Caprotti-fitted Black Fives were part of the same programme.

The Caprotti valve gear was driven by a single shaft, located between the frames, and driven from the leading coupled axle by a bevel gear.[2] The reversing gear was operated by a screw wheel requiring multiple turns to go from full forward to full reverse; in this it differed from the standard Caprotti version, which only required one turn.[2] It was designed to operate in the same way as the reversing gear on the Walschaerts-fitted Black Fives. However reversing between intermediate cutoff positions could only be achieved by winding to the full-gear position in the new direction and then winding back.[2]

The first batch of Caprotti Black Fives, M4748–M4750, emerged from Crewe in February 1948.[3] A second batch, M4751–M4752, entered traffic in March 1948, followed by nos. 44754 and 44755 in April, 44756 in June and 44757 in December.[3] The prefix M, used by the London Midland Region of British Railways, was soon dropped and M4748 to M4752 were renumbered 44748 to 44752 between June 1948 and June 1949.[3] All of these locomotives were fitted with Timken roller bearings throughout. The last three of these, 44755-7, were also fitted with a double chimney.[1]

Between May and August 1948 a further ten Caprotti Black Fives were built, nos. 44738–44747.[3] These had plain wheel bearings throughout.[1]

The twenty locomotives incorporated a number of modifications to the original design. The boiler was raised by 2 in (5 cm) to 8 ft 11 in (2.7 m). The smokebox was extended by 4 in (10 cm) and the chimney moved forward to allow room for the Caprotti valve box and associated steam and exhaust pipes. The locomotives fitted with Timken bearings had large split cannon-type axleboxes between the frames. To allow room for the firebox between the middle and rear axleboxes the spacing between the driving and rear coupled wheels was increased from 8 ft (2.4 m) to 8 ft 4 in (2.5 m). This gave a longer wheelbase of 27 ft 6 in (8.4 m) as against the 27 ft 2 in (8.3 m) of the standard locomotives. The locomotives with plain bearings also had the longer wheelbase.[4] All locomotives had a modified cab and a lowered running plate, necessitating the use of splashers over the wheels.

In service, the Caprotti Black Fives were slow in acceleration, but were powerful at high speeds, and coasted freely.[5] The slow acceleration was caused by inefficiencies in the drive and valve events. These were addressed in the design of the last two Black Fives to be built, 44686-7, which emerged in 1951 with Caprotti valve gear driven by two external shafts on either side of the locomotives.[5] Later BR built thirty of the closely related standard class 5 with Caprotti valve gear,[6] and it was also employed on the standard class 8 71000 Duke of Gloucester.

All of the Caprotti Black Fives were withdrawn and scrapped in the 1960s.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 63
  2. 1 2 3 Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 65
  3. 1 2 3 4 Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 80
  4. ↑ Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 64
  5. 1 2 Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 66
  6. ↑ Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 89

Bibliography

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