Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg

This article is about the 21st century politician. For the 20th century politician (his grandfather), see Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg.
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Minister of Defence
In office
28 October 2009 – 1 March 2011
Chancellor Angela Merkel
Preceded by Franz Josef Jung
Succeeded by Thomas de Maizière
Minister for Economics and Technology
In office
10 February 2009 – 27 October 2009
Chancellor Angela Merkel
Preceded by Michael Glos
Succeeded by Rainer Brüderle
Secretary General of the Christian Social Union
In office
3 November 2008 – 10 February 2009
Leader Horst Seehofer
Preceded by Christine Haderthauer
Succeeded by Alexander Dobrindt
Member of the Bundestag for Kulmbach
In office
22 September 2002 – 3 March 2011
Preceded by Bernd Protzner
Succeeded by Emmi Zeulner
Personal details
Born Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg
(1971-12-05) 5 December 1971
Munich, West Germany
Political party Christian Social Union
Spouse(s) Stephanie Gräfin von Bismarck-Schönhausen (2000–present)[1]
Alma mater University of Bayreuth
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature

Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg[2] (born on 5 December 1971) is a German businessman and former politician[3] of the Christian Social Union (CSU). A member of the German Bundestag from 2002 until March 2011, Guttenberg briefly held the post of Secretary General of his party, before being appointed Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009. From 28 October 2009, Guttenberg served as Minister of Defence of Germany. After the discovery of plagiarism in his doctoral dissertation and the decision of the University of Bayreuth to revoke his doctorate, Guttenberg resigned from all political posts in March 2011. He was succeeded as Minister of Defence by Thomas de Maizière.

In 2011 Guttenberg joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) as a Distinguished Statesman. He also advises European Commission on the promotion of internet freedom regarding questions of foreign affairs.

Guttenberg is the chairman and a founder of Spitzberg Partners, an advisory and investment firm based in New York City.[4][5]

Family background and education

Guttenberg is the grandson of two well-known politicians. One is Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, a West German CSU politician. His grandfather and a great-great-uncle, Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, took part in the resistance to the Nazi regime; the latter was executed after the 20 July plot. Another grandfather is Jakob von und zu Eltz, a Croatian politician of the 1990s. He is married to Stephanie zu Guttenberg, an activist against child abuse and a member of the Bismarck family. Guttenberg is a descendant of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein.

In 1991, after finishing high school (Gymnasium) in Rosenheim,[6][7] Guttenberg completed his mandatory military service with Mountain Infantry brigade 23 (Gebirgsjäger) based in Mittenwald. He subsequently left the army as a Reserve Sergeant.[8]

Guttenberg studied law at the University of Bayreuth,[9] where he passed the first legal state examination (said to be the equivalent of a master's degree) in 1999. Guttenberg chose not to pursue the second state examination (the equivalent of a bar exam),[10] and focused on running the Munich-based "Guttenberg GmbH" holding[11] where, along with a few employees, he managed his family’s significant assets and various participations.[9] Due to the holding's low turnover and small number of employees, it was said that Guttenberg had exaggerated his business experience.[12] At the time the Guttenberg GmbH had a capital stock of 1 million Euro[13] and assets of more than a quarter of a billion Euro. These assets include a 26.5 percent share in the Rhön-Klinikum hospital chain, where Guttenberg was a member of the Supervisory board[9] from 1996 to 2002. In 2002, that stake was sold to HypoVereinsbank in a transaction valued at 260 million Euro.[11][14]

Guttenberg then began doctoral studies at the University of Bayreuth in political science under Peter Häberle.[15][16] After the acceptance of his thesis, "Verfassung und Verfassungsvertrag. Konstitutionelle Entwicklungsstufen in den USA und der EU" ("Constitution and Constitutional Treaty. Stages of Constitutional Development in the USA and EU"), and Guttenberg's successful defense, Guttenberg was awarded the academic title Doctor of Law ("Doktor der Rechte") in 2007.[17] Following accusations of plagiarism in Guttenberg's thesis, the University of Bayreuth conducted an investigation, culminating on 23 February 2011 with the revocation of Guttenberg's doctorate.[17][18]

Political career

Guttenberg with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, 2010

Member of Parliament

In 2002 Guttenberg was elected to the Bundestag as the representative of Kulmbach. He was reelected in 2005, winning 60.0% of the votes in his constituency. In 2009, he was reelected again with 68.1% of the votes in his district, obtaining the highest percentage of votes of all elected representatives in Germany for that election cycle.[19]

From October 2005 to November 2008[20] Guttenberg served as chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag’s Foreign Affairs Committee[21] and as spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag’s Committee on disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control. He also chaired the CSU Foreign Policy Expert Committee[22] and the German-British parliamentary group during that time.[23][24]

Political positions

In early 2004, Guttenberg introduced the concept of a Privileged Partnership between Turkey and the European Union as a viable alternative to Ankara’s ambitions to join the EU as a regular member into the German political discourse.[25][26] Germany’s center-right CDU/CSU parties have been champions of this Privileged Partnership approach ever since.[27][28] Guttenberg based his opposition to full Turkish membership in the EU on the country’s insufficient fulfillment of relevant accession criteria,[29] for example with regard to the Cyprus dispute,[30] as well as a potential overburdening of the EU.[31] At the same time, he continuously stressed the necessity of maintaining good relations with Turkey and was therefore critical of a French initiative to criminalize the denial of the Armenian Genocide.[32]
Guttenberg also repeatedly warned of the looming threat posed to German and European security by Iran’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs.[33] However, he rejected taking rash military action against Iran and instead called for an international diplomatic effort to deal with Tehran’s nuclear program.[34][35]

As a Member of Parliament, he was a strong critic of the far-left party Die Linke, which he accused of links to terrorists.[36]

Secretary General of the CSU

In September 2008 the CSU suffered heavy losses in the Bavaria state election and lost its absolute majority in the Bavarian Landtag - for the first time in 46 years. As a result of this political defeat the CSU party leadership stepped down[37][38] and Horst Seehofer, the new CSU chairman and minister-president of Bavaria,[39] appointed Guttenberg as secretary general of the CSU in November 2008.[40][41]

As secretary general Guttenberg called for tax cuts,[42][43] an increase in family benefits[43] and structural reforms within the CSU to foster more direct political participation of the party base.[44] In addition to domestic policy he also emphasized his focus on international affairs.[45]

Federal Minister of Economics

After the resignation of Michael Glos on 9 February 2009[46] Guttenberg became Federal Minister of Economics and Technology in the First Cabinet Merkel.[47][48] Guttenberg, the youngest economics minister in German post-war era,[49] came to office in the midst of a deep global financial crisis and recession.

Political positions

In his inaugural speech to the German Bundestag Guttenberg emphasized his commitment to the principles of Germany’s social market economy and to free market.[50]

In the wake of the global financial crisis, several major German banks were near failure, including Hypo Real Estate, which received a 102 billion Euro of credit and guarantees from Germany's bank rescue fund.[51] In this case, Guttenberg opposed an overly hasty nationalization of Hypo Real Estate,[52] which he considered only as "'ultissima ratio',a measure of the very last resort".[53] A few months later he drafted a legislative proposal to minimize the financial risks of failing banks,[54][55] which caused controversy[56] but was later groundwork for the German bank restructuring bill.[57][58]

In the case of troubled German companies asking for state aid, including automaker Opel[59] and now-defunct mail-order service Arcandor/Quelle,[60] Guttenberg was reluctant to commit government resources. He insisted on strict conditionality, including restructuring, and limited support to only those companies, which were otherwise competitive but were temporarily affected by the crisis.[60]

In November 2008, Opel had appealed for governmental assistance because of severe financial problems facing its US parent General Motors (GM).[61] In 2009, Opel employed 25,000 workers in Germany and indirectly supported 50,000 additional jobs through its supplier network.[61]

In March 2009, Guttenberg made his first visit to the US as economics minister, focusing his trip on the future of Opel.[62] In his talks with U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, the director of the United States National Economic Council, Lawrence Summers, and Rick Wagoner, then CEO of General Motors, Guttenberg demanded that GM provide a viable restructuring plan for Opel as a precondition for receiving financial assistance from the German state.[63][64] Guttenberg and Wagoner agreed on the necessity of a private investor for Opel.[65]
In a speech on the global economic crisis at the Washington-based Peterson Institute[66] Guttenberg warned of rising protectionism.[67]

After Guttenberg’s visit to the US, negotiations between the German government, GM, and potential Opel investors, including Fiat and Canada’s Magna International, were stalled by GM and the U.S. Treasury.[68][69] In contrast to the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, and to other German political leaders, Guttenberg preferred insolvency for Opel rather than the infusion of unconditional financial assistance from German state.[70] Because of resulting financial risks for the German state, Guttenberg opposed the sale of Opel to Magna International, favoured by the German Chancellor Merkel,[71] and – according to media coverage – even offered his resignation over the controversy.[72][73] The Opel-Magna-deal later failed[74] and Opel remained a subsidiary of GM, which had to reimburse financial assistance to Germany.[75]

As economics minister Guttenberg also initiated several stimulus packages for the small firm sector.[76][77][78]

In the summer of 2009, he surpassed Chancellor Angela Merkel as the most popular politician in Germany.[79]

Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg with U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates in front of the Pentagon, 2009

Federal Minister of Defence

The 2009 Bundestag elections led to a change in government, as the incumbent grand coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD was replaced by a center-right coalition of CDU/CSU and FDP.[80]

According to German press reports, Chancellor Merkel offered Guttenberg the choice between the interior and the defence ministries while negotiating the distribution of ministerial posts within the new coalition government.[81][82] Guttenberg decided to opt for the defence portfolio[83][84] and took the oath of office on 28 October 2009[85] as part of the Second Cabinet Merkel. He was the youngest-ever German defence minister in the post-war era.[86]

Afghanistan

The first political challenge facing defence minister Guttenberg was dealing with the Kunduz airstrike of 4 September 2009. Initially, he adopted the position of his predecessor Jung and defended the air strike as "militarily appropriate". However, in contrast to Jung, Guttenberg conceded that the strike had also caused civilian casualties.[87] After Guttenberg had received additional information and investigative reports dating back to the tenure of his predecessor Jung, Guttenberg changed his position concerning the "Kunduz airstrike"[88] and dismissed Bundeswehr Chief of Staff Schneiderhahn and Parliamentary State Secretary of Defence Wichert on 26 November 2009.[89]

Jung, who in the meantime had assumed the position of labor minister in the second Merkel cabinet, took full political responsibility for the delay in sharing relevant Kunduz air strike information and resigned the following day.[90]

At the demand of the opposition parties, the Bundestag subsequently established a special investigative committee to shed light on the defense ministry’s communications policy in connection with the Kunduz air strike.[91][92] The final report of the Bundestag’s special investigative committee cleared Guttenberg from the accusation that he had been responsible for the defence ministry’s inadequate communications policy following the Kunduz strike.[93][94] The findings were supported by members from the ruling CDU/CSU-FDP coalition while the opposition parties criticized the special investigative committee’s report[95] and later published their own account of the investigation.[96][97]

Shortly after taking office, Guttenberg publicly compared the situation faced by Bundeswehr soldiers in Afghanistan to "war".[86][98][99][100]

In doing so, Guttenberg broke a major political taboo since up until then Germany’s political leadership – including the Chancellor and previous defense ministers – had only referred to the Afghanistan intervention as a "stabilization deployment".[92][101][102] The new classification of the Bundeswehr’s Afghanistan deployment as "war" improved the legal status of German soldiers operating under international law.[103]

Guttenberg in Kunduz Province in December 2009

Guttenberg also boosted Germany’s military presence in Afghanistan,[104] through the deployment of heavy weapons[105] and better training for the Bundeswehr soldiers stationed there.[106]

Guttenberg further attempted to elevate public perception of Germany’s Afghan mission by personally participating - sometimes along with the Chancellor - at funeral services held for fallen Bundeswehr soldiers.[107][108]

In November 2010, Guttenberg established the Combat Action Medal of the Bundeswehr, which is awarded for bravery in combat and to soldiers who were the targets of terrorist or military attacks.[109][110][111]

At the political level, Guttenberg spoke out strongly against a precipitous military withdrawal from Afghanistan. He specifically warned against imposing fixed troop withdrawal timetables that do not take into account the security situation on the ground.[112][113] Furthermore, Guttenberg also demanded a stronger involvement of key neighboring states such as Russia, India, and China in the resolution of the Afghan conflict.[114][115] In light of the traditionally challenging security situation in Afghanistan, Guttenberg called for the development of an internationally coordinated long-term security strategy – based on the use of special forces and close intelligence cooperation within the coalition – to stabilize the country even after the eventual withdrawal of all foreign troops.[116]

During his tenure as defense minister, Guttenberg made nine visits to Afghanistan and the German soldiers deployed there.[117][118] To gain a first-hand understanding of the situation on the ground and the military risks of the Bundeswehr’s mission, Guttenberg went several times to the frontlines of the Afghan conflict.[119][120] He also invited journalists to accompany him on these trips in an effort to educate the wider German public about the nature of the Bundeswehr deployment in Afghanistan.[121] In December 2010, Guttenberg traveled to Afghanistan along with his wife Stephanie to visit with the troops before the Christmas holidays.[122] In addition, he was also accompanied by German TV moderator Johannes B. Kerner,[123] who hosted his prime-time talk show at the Bundeswehr camp in Mazar-i-Sharif featuring the Guttenbergs and German soldiers deployed there.[124] While other German media and the opposition parties sharply criticized Guttenberg for allowing Kerner to host his show in Afghanistan,[125][126][127] the reaction by the German troops and the general public was predominantly positive.[128][129]

Bundeswehr reform

In early 2010, Guttenberg decided to push for fundamental Bundeswehr reforms in an effort to address the structural deficits within the German armed forces[130][131] and to deal with declining defense budgets.[132] The overall goal was to boost the Bundeswehr’s expeditionary capabilities[133] while, at the same time, achieving cost reductions. To accomplish these reforms, Guttenberg proposed to reduce the armed forces to 165,000 active duty soldiers and to suspend the draft,[134][135][136] resulting in the most comprehensive restructuring of the Bundeswehr since its founding in 1955.[137] Guttenberg’s reform plans were supported by a blue-ribbon "Bundeswehr Structural Commission"[138] that the minister created in April 2010.[139] The proposals triggered a major debate about the country’s draft system and were met with significant political opposition, not least in Guttenberg’s own political party.[140] In the end, Guttenberg’s view won out and on 29 October 2010, the CSU general party convention approved the minister’s motion to suspend the draft by a large majority.[141] Several weeks later, Chancellor Merkel’s CDU held its own party convention and also voted in favor of suspending the draft.[142]

Ghent initiative

At a meeting of European defense ministers in Ghent in November 2010 Guttenberg called for closer military cooperation among EU member states,[143] especially in the areas of procurement and training, to cope with rising budgetary pressures. His proposed three-step cooperation[144] model served as the basis for the German-Swedish "pooling and sharing" initiative,[145][146][147] which has had a lasting impact on European procurement projects.[148][149][150]

In November 2010, a United States diplomatic cables leak revealed that American diplomats viewed Guttenberg positively, with one cable describing him as a "foreign policy expert, a transatlanticist and a close and well-known friend to the United States".[151]

Plagiarism scandal and resignation

Main article: Causa Guttenberg

In February 2011 it was discovered that Guttenberg's thesis contained texts of other authors without citation. This led to plagiarism accusations against Guttenberg, sparking public and political debates. Guttenberg denied any plagiarism, but asked the University of Bayreuth to revoke his title, admitting "severe errors in workmanship." The university revoked his title on 23 February 2011, announcing further investigations. Due to public and political pressure, Guttenberg resigned on 1 March 2011 as Minister of Defence.

Center for Strategic and International Studies

In September 2011 Guttenberg joined the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) as a Distinguished Statesman and assumed the leadership of a new forum for transatlantic dialogue dedicated to strengthening the relations between the United States and Europe.[152][153]

At the Halifax International Security Forum in November 2011, Guttenberg made his first public appearance since joining CSIS.[154] During a plenary session on the economic and financial crisis he voiced pessimism about the current state of the EU,[155] which, in his view, was characterized by a lack of creativity and understanding for the concerns of regular citizens.[156] In particular, Guttenberg decried a severe "crisis of political leadership".[157]

In November 2011, Guttenberg also published the book "Vorerst gescheitert" ("Failed for Now"). The publication is based on a series of conversations with the editor-in-chief of Die Zeit, Giovanni di Lorenzo, in which Guttenberg talks extensively for the first time about his political career, the plagiarism scandal and his resignation, as well as his plans for the future.[158]

A few days before the book's official release, Die Zeit published exclusive excerpts.[159] Guttenberg's criticism in the book of the direction which the CSU is headed sparked some controversy within his party.[160][161]

In October 2012, after political resistance from Berlin led to the failure of the planned pan-European aerospace and defense merger of EADS and BAE,[162] Guttenberg sharply criticized the German government's handling of this matter. In an op-ed published in the Financial Times, Guttenberg described the failed merger talks as a "missed opportunity of historic proportions" and emphasized the necessity of European cooperation as well as the industrial logic, synergies and cost savings associated with the proposed EADS-BAE link-up.[163] A few days later, CSU chairman Horst Seehofer also criticized the German government's handling of the merger negotiations.[164] Shortly afterward, speaking on the margins of a CSU party convention in Munich, Seehofer declared that he would try to bring Guttenberg back into German politics after the 2013 election cycle and said that Guttenberg should play a "significant" role.[165][166]

In early April 2013, Guttenberg published an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal analysing Germany's role in the conflict over the Iranian nuclear program. In particular, he urged the German government to "start thinking about how to support Israel in the wake of potential air strikes on Iran". Specifically, Guttenberg called on Berlin to provide civil and military support to help Israel defend against potential counterattacks, to push for an immediate cease-fire, and to maintain "a tough international sanctions regime against Tehran".[167]

Advisor to European Commission

On 12 December 2011, zu Guttenberg was asked by European Commission Vice President Neelie Kroes to promote internet freedom globally as part of the European Union's new "No Disconnect Strategy".[168] The European Commission’s "No Disconnect Strategy" was launched in December 2011[169] under the auspices of Neelie Kroes, European Commission Vice-President in charge of Digital Agenda issues, and Catherine Ashton, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.[170][171] Journalists in attendance at the announcement pressed Guttenberg on whether his involvement with the "No Disconnect Strategy" was part of a planned political comeback after the plagiarism scandal, which Guttenberg insisted not to be the case.[172][173]

NSA scandal

Following revelations that the NSA tapped German chancellor Merkel’s cell phone for more than a decade,[174] Guttenberg sharply criticized the spying on close allies by US intelligence in an article published via Project Syndicate on 28 October 2013.[175] According to Guttenberg, American spying in and of itself was not the problem, but rather the extent of the US intelligence collection efforts, which had caused a "crisis of mutual distrust" and severe damage to Washington's relations with its European allies.[176]

In an interview on CNN’s Fareed Zakaria GPS,[177] Guttenberg described how European leaders "don’t only lose faith in a partner, but also lost face".[178] He explained his comment in regards to chancellor Merkel, who had initially defended the US government after the first NSA leaks during the summer, only to find out later on that she had been tapped herself.[179] On 4 November 2013, Guttenberg had a private, closed-door meeting with Merkel in Berlin,[180][181] which German media connected to the NSA scandal.[182] In an op-ed for the Financial Times analyzing the implications of the NSA scandal for transatlantic relations published on 7 November 2013, Guttenberg defined a "shift from government to Googlement – fuelled by the unprecedented ability of companies to gather, store, and evaluate vast amount of personal data"[183] - challenging political structures.[184]

Russia

Guttenberg is a strong critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin's expansionist foreign policy. In Spring 2014, he published several op-eds[185][186] – including articles co-authored with Garry Kasparov[187] or Bogdan Klich[188] – and warned of further escalations in Eastern Europe. Guttenberg decried an "astonishing leadership vacuum in the world" and demanded that the West, and especially Europe, respond to Moscow's aggressions with strong political action. In this context, he praised chancellor Merkel for her firm stance against Putin. Guttenberg appeared together with Henry Kissinger during a CNN interview about the Ukraine crisis and explained the significant domestic political resistance that Merkel's Russia policy faced in Germany.[189]

Several months later Guttenberg accused the EU of inaction and a lack of capabilities given the crises in Ukraine and the Middle East. In a Wall Street Journal op-ed Guttenberg drew parallels to the conclusions of the historian Christopher Clark with regard to the origins of World War I and referred to those currently in charge of the EU as "sleepwalkers".[190]

In early 2015, Guttenberg and James G. Stavridis strongly rejected the notion that NATO's stance in Eastern Europe had provoked Russia's aggressive actions in the first place. In a joint op-ed both highlighted the West's various attempts to integrate Russia as a partner into Europe's security architecture. They pointed to Russia's unfinished democratization process as the root cause for the failure of these outreach efforts and Moscow's aggressive actions. Guttenberg and Stavridis recommended that the West adopt a policy of economic sanctions paired with offers of cooperation towards Russia. Both are opposed to NATO membership for Ukraine.[191]

Spitzberg Partners

In mid-January 2014 Guttenberg spoke at a business conference in Aargau, Switzerland.[192] In an interview with the Aargauer Zeitung[193] Guttenberg reported that he had launched business activities in the United States to advise companies on future-oriented developments and invest in related technology startups.[194] At the end of January 2014, speaking at a conference on cybersecurity in Munich,[195] hosted by the Federation of German Industries (BDI) and the Bavarian industry association (vbw),[196] Guttenberg announced that he had formed a company in New York.[197] In spring 2014 media revealed its name as Spitzberg Partners LLC,[198][199] a consulting and investment company.[200]

In September 2014, Guttenberg's Spitzberg Partners and Canadian Acasta Capital[201] founded Atlantic Advisory Partners (AAP), a partnership to promote business and trade between Canada and the European Union in connection with the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).[202] AAP was joined by international law firm Norton Rose Fulbright in May 2015.[203]

Board memberships

In July 2014 Guttenberg joined the advisory board of Ripple Labs, developer of the Ripple payment protocol.[204] He is also a member of the international advisory board of Barrick Gold[205] and an advisory board member of Lufthansa's Innovation Hub.[206] In 2016, Guttenberg joined the supervisory board of Mountain Partners, a venture capital firm based in Switzerland.[207]

Family

Stephanie zu Guttenberg, née Gräfin von Bismarck-Schönhausen, the wife of Guttenberg (2010)

Guttenberg is a member of the House of Guttenberg, first documented in 1158, and conferred the rank of baron by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1700.[208] Since the adoption of Germany's 1919 Weimar Constitution, which abolished the nobility's privileges, "noble titles form part of the name only".[209] By courtesy and tradition, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg is addressed as a baron socially in his hometown of Guttenberg, Bavaria,[210][211] and occasionally is referred to as such by German and international media.[212][213][214][215][216]

His grandfather, Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (1921–1972), was a CSU politician and hard-line conservative during the Cold War, noted for his opposition to the Ostpolitik. During the Second World War he narrowly escaped execution after refusing to kill Jews, stating that he would rather shoot SS members.[217][218] Several other members of Guttenberg’s family also offered resistance to the Nazi regime, among them his great-grandfather Georg Enoch Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg,[219] and Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, a great-great-uncle of Guttenberg. Karl Ludwig was a Catholic monarchist, who prior to the Second World War published the "Weiße Blätter" (White Papers), an important publication of the conservative opposition to the Nazi regime. He belonged to the circle of anti-Hitler conspirators around Hans von Dohnányi, Justus Delbrück, and Hans Oster. After the failure of the 20 July plot he was arrested and later executed.[217][220] His grandmother, Rosa Sophie Prinzessin von Arenberg (1922-2012), was a member of the House of Arenberg.

Guttenberg's father is Enoch zu Guttenberg, a conductor,[221] who has been decorated with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Officer's Cross)[222] as well as the Bavarian Order of Merit.[222] He has received many awards for his contributions to classical music, including the German Cultural Award[222] and the Echo Klassik award.[223]
Previously, Enoch zu Guttenberg also owned the winery estate Weingut Reichsrat von Buhl.[224]

Guttenberg's mother, Christiane zu Eltz[225] is a member of the Eltz family, which has strong ties with Croatia. She is the daughter of Ludwine, Countess Pejacsevich de Verocze. Her father was Jakob von und zu Eltz, a former President of the Association of Winemakers in Rheingau who became active in Croatian politics after Croatian independence. She divorced Enoch zu Guttenberg in 1977, and Karl-Theodor grew up with his father. His mother married secondly Adolf Richard Barthold von Ribbentrop, owner of an Eltville art gallery and son of Joachim von Ribbentrop, in 1985, and has two children from her second marriage.[226] Guttenberg has a younger brother, Philipp Franz zu Guttenberg (born 1973), who married a daughter of Godfrey James Macdonald, the 8th Baron Macdonald.

In February 2000, Guttenberg married Stephanie Gräfin von Bismarck-Schönhausen (born 1976),[1] a great-great-granddaughter of the first Chancellor of Germany Otto von Bismarck. They have two daughters. Guttenberg is Catholic, while his wife is Protestant (Lutheran).

The family castle in Guttenberg, Bavaria

Personal life

Guttenberg was born in Munich. He lived at his family castle in Guttenberg, Bavaria (district of Kulmbach), a village whose history is closely associated with the House of Guttenberg, and in a mansion in a refined part of Berlin, Berlin-Westend. The castle has been in the possession of the Guttenberg family since 1482.[227]

In July 2011 it was reported in the German media that Guttenberg would temporarily relocate to the United States.[228] His wife confirmed these plans in an interview several weeks later[229] but emphasized that the family had every intention of returning to Germany.[230] In September 2011 it became known that Guttenberg had bought a house for his family in Greenwich (Connecticut), close to New York City.[231]

Awards

Guttenberg was awarded the "Politikaward" in 2009, which is a German "Politician of the Year" award.[232][233] It was awarded by politik & kommunikation, a German periodical for political communications.[234]

In 2010, the German news magazine Focus named him "Man of the Year".[235]

In 2011, the Carneval Association of Aachen awarded him the "Order Against Dead Seriousness" (Orden wider den tierischen Ernst), although he did not attend the ceremony in person, sending instead his younger brother.[236]

Ancestry

References

  1. 1 2 "Should Germany Help Bail Out GM?". Time. 14 March 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  2. ↑ http://www1.wdr.de/stichtag/stichtag-guttenberg-doktortitel-100.html
  3. ↑ "Das neue Leben des KT" (in German). Bayerischer Rundfunk. 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2015-06-08.
  4. ↑ "Dr. Dotcom" (in German). Der Spiegel. 2015-04-11. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
  5. ↑ "Das neue Leben des KT" (in German). Bayerischer Rundfunk. 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
  6. ↑ "Köpfe der Wirtschaft: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg" (in German). WirtschaftsWoche. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  7. ↑ "Guttenberg: Heimlicher Neubeurer" (in German). Oberbayerisches Volksblatt. 2009-02-10. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  8. ↑ "Der Baron übernimmt die Bundeswehr" (in German). Rheinische Post. 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  9. 1 2 3 "Der Herr ist so frei" (in German). Focus Online. 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  10. ↑ "Die Studierstube ist seine Bühne nicht" (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 2011-02-20. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  11. 1 2 "Der neue Minister ist Millionär" (in German). Bild. 2010-02-01. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  12. ↑ ""Panorama": Guttenberg übertrieb unternehmerische Erfahrung" (in German). NDR Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
  13. ↑ "Guttenberg GmbH" (in German). Genios Firmenverzeichnis. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
  14. ↑ "Bayerische Hypo- und Vereins acquires a minority stake in Rhoen Klinikum AG". Thomson Financial Mergers & Acquisitions. 2002-03-15. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  15. ↑ "Plagiatsaffäre: Doktorvater wendet sich von Guttenberg ab". www.spiegel.de. Der Spiegel. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  16. ↑ "Doktorvater revidiert Urteil über Guttenberg". www.sueddeutsche.de. Die Süddeutsche Zeitung. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  17. 1 2 "Plagiats-Affäre: Uni Bayreuth entzieht Guttenberg den Doktortitel". www.spiegel.de. Der Spiegel. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  18. ↑ "Universität kassiert Guttenbergs Doktortitel". www.zeit.de. Zeit Online. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  19. ↑ "Guttenberg erzielt bundesweit bestes Wahlergebnis" (in German). DerWesten.de. 2009-09-28.
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  221. ↑ "Enoch zu Guttenberg (Conductor)". Bach Cantatas Website. July 2001. Retrieved 2011-11-10.
  222. 1 2 3 "Enoch zu Guttenberg" (in German). Westdeutsche Konzertdirektion Köln. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  223. ↑ "Anerkennung in der Höhle des Löwen" (in German). Nordbayerischer Kurier. 2008-06-24. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  224. ↑ "Vater Guttenberg erhofft sich vom Sohn Umweltschutzinitiativen" (in German). Nordbayerischer Kurier. 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  225. ↑ His mother's full name in German is Maria de Mercedes Christiane Josefine Thekla Walpurga Barbara Gräfin und Edle Herrin von und zu Eltz genannt Faust von Stromberg)
  226. ↑ "entry on Christiane Gräfin und Edle Herrin von und zu Eltz genannt Faust von Stromberg". Thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  227. ↑ Frischemeyer, Britta; Topar, Julia (2009-02-09). "Der adelige Senkrechtstarter". Bild. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
  228. ↑ "Guttenberg kauft Haus in Connecticut" (in German). Spiegel Online. 2011-07-29. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
  229. ↑ "Wie lange wir weg sind, ist völlig offen" (in German). Bild. 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
  230. ↑ "Wir kommen zurück" (in German). Spiegel Online. 2011-08-16. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
  231. ↑ "Guttenberg kauft Millionenanwesen nahe New York" (in German). Spiegel Online. 2011-09-10. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
  232. ↑ "Zu Guttenberg ist "Politiker des Jahres"" (in German). RP Online. 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
  233. ↑ "Guttenberg – eine Erscheinung von internationalem Format" (in German). Handelsblatt. 2010-12-25. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  234. ↑ "Veranstalterhinweis Politikaward" (in German). politik & kommunikation. 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  235. ↑ "Der Überflieger" (in German). Focus Online. 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
  236. ↑ "Guttenberg gets carnival medal for 'courage of his contradictions'". The Local. 2011-02-20. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  237. ↑ "Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Adeligen Häuser Österreichs". Archive.org. Retrieved 2013-02-19.

Selected publications

Books

  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor; di Lorenzo, Giovanni (2011). Vorerst gescheitert - Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg im Gespräch mit Giovanni di Lorenzo [Failed for Now - Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg in Conversation with Giovanni di Lorenzo] (in German). Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Herder. ISBN 3-451-30584-4. 
  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor (2010). Die Idee vom Staatsbürger in Uniform. Lehren aus dem 20. Juli 1944 [The Idea of the Citizen in Uniform: Lessons from July 20th 1944] (in German). Sankt Augustin: Konrad Adenauer Foundation. ISBN 978-3-941904-75-0. 
  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor (2009). Verantwortung in der sozialen Marktwirtschaft [Responsibility in the Social Market Economy] (in German). Stuttgart: Robert Bosch Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-939574-18-7. 
  • Altomonote, Carlo; Defraigne, Pierre; Delattre, Lucas; zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor; Goulard, Sylvie; Scharping, Rudolf (2006). Le Partenariat Privilégié, Alternative à l’Adhésion [The Privileged Partnership, an Alternative to Membership]. Note bleue de la Fondation Schuman (in French). Paris, Brussels: Fondation Robert Schuman. ISSN 1761-2233. 
  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor (2004). Die Beziehungen zwischen der Türkei und der EU – eine "Privilegierte Partnerschaft [The Relationship between Turkey and the EU - A "Privileged Partnership"] (in German). München: Akademie für Politik und Zeitgeschehen, Hanns-Seidel-Foundation. ISBN 3-88795-274-X. 

Articles

External links

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Political offices
Preceded by
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2009 		Succeeded by
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Preceded by
Franz Josef Jung		 Defence Minister of Germany
2009–2011 		Succeeded by
Thomas de Maizière
Party political offices
Preceded by
Christine Haderthauer		 General Secretary of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria
2008-2009 		Succeeded by
Alexander Dobrindt
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