Joseph M. Dixon

Joseph Moore Dixon
United States Senator
from Montana
In office
March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1913
Preceded by William A. Clark
Succeeded by Thomas J. Walsh
7th Governor of Montana
In office
January 3, 1921 – January 4, 1925
Lieutenant Nelson Story, Jr.
Preceded by Sam V. Stewart
Succeeded by John E. Erickson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Montana's At-large district
In office
March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1907
Preceded by Caldwell Edwards
Succeeded by Charles N. Pray
Member of the Montana House of Representatives
In office
1900
Personal details
Born (1867-07-31)July 31, 1867
Snow Camp, North Carolina
Died May 22, 1934(1934-05-22) (aged 66)
Missoula, Montana
Resting place Missoula Cemetery
Political party Republican

Joseph Moore Dixon (July 31, 1867 – May 22, 1934) was a Republican politician from Montana. He served as a Representative, Senator, and the seventh Governor of Montana. A businessman and a modernizer of Quaker heritage, Dixon was a leader of the Progressive Movement in Montana and nationally. His term as governor, 1921–1925, was unsuccessful, as severe economic hardship limited the opportunities for action by the state government, and his great enemy the Anaconda Copper company mobilized its resources to defeat reform.

Early life

Dixon was born in Snow Camp, North Carolina to a Quaker family; his father operated a farm and a small factory. Dixon attended Quaker colleges, Earlham College in Indiana and Guilford College in North Carolina, graduating in 1889.[1] He excelled at history, debate and oratory. Dixon moved to the frontier town of Missoula, Montana in 1891, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1892. Although he left the Quaker faith, he never abandoned Quaker ideals.

Early career

Dixon served as assistant prosecuting attorney of Missoula County from 1893 to 1895 and prosecuting attorney from 1895 to 1897. In 1900, he served in the Montana House of Representatives.[2] He married Caroline M. Worden, daughter of prominent Missoula businessman Frank Worden, in 1896. They had seven children: Virginia, Florence, Dorothy, Betty, Mary Joe, Peggy, and Frank. Frank died shortly after birth.[3] Dixon grew wealthy through his law practice and his investments in real estate; to further his political ambitions in 1900 he bought a Missoula newspaper, the Missoulian.

Political career

Dixon took advantage of the internal dissension among rival factions of the Democratic party to rise rapidly in politics. In 1902 and 1904 he won congressional races, and in 1907 the Montana legislature chose him for a U.S. Senate seat.[4] He became an ardent admirer of President Theodore Roosevelt, and joined the progressive wing of the party, fighting the conservatives. He unsuccessfully ran for reelection in 1912, but that year, he was the campaign manager for Roosevelt and chaired the National Progressive Convention that nominated Roosevelt on the third-party Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") ticket as the GOP split between progressives and stand—patters. Out of office, Dixon returned to Montana to look after his newspaper properties, and to battle the Amalgamated Copper Company, the behemoth that dominated both political parties through its corrupt spending. He finally sold his newspapers, and they were taken over by Amalgamated. In 1920, Dixon ran for Governor of Montana, and, following farmer unrest that weakened the copper company, Dixon was carried by the national Republican landslide into office as governor, defeating Democratic nominee Burton K. Wheeler comfortably.[5] Although Dixon had many reform proposals, he was unable to enact them because of the severe economic depression in the state, and the systematic opposition of Anaconda Copper. He was defeated for reelection in 1924 to John E. Erickson and for the Senate in 1928, losing to his one-time foe, Wheeler, in the general election.[6]

In 1929 he was appointed First Assistant Secretary of the Interior, and served in that position until 1933.[7] In 1930, he was involved with a project to develop water power on the Flathead Indian Reservation, and with it, a complex network of water rights for the Reservation.

He died in Missoula, Montana on May 22, 1934 due to heart problems. He is interred at the Missoula Cemetery in Missoula, Montana.[8]

References

  1. ↑ "Guide to the Joseph M. Dixon Papers". The University of Montana. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  2. ↑ "Dixon, Joseph Moore (1867-1934". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Guide to the Joseph M. Dixon Papers 1772-1944". The University of Montana-Missoula. Retrieved October 8, 2013. line feed character in |title= at position 36 (help)
  4. ↑ "Sen. Joseph Dixon". govtrack.us. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  5. ↑ "Joseph M. Dixon". Montana Historical Society. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  6. ↑ Tribune Staff. "125 Montana Newsmakers: Joseph M. Dixon". Great Falls Tribune. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  7. ↑ "Montana Governor Joseph Moore Dixon". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  8. ↑ Lawrence Kestenbaum (July 22, 2013). "Dixon, Joseph Moore (1867-1934)". Political Graveyard. Retrieved October 10, 2013.

Further reading

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United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
Caldwell Edwards		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Montana's At-large congressional district
1903–1907 		Succeeded by
Charles N. Pray
United States Senate
Preceded by
William A. Clark		 U.S. Senator from Montana
1907–1913 		Succeeded by
Thomas J. Walsh
Political offices
Preceded by
Sam V. Stewart		 Governor of Montana
1921-1925 		Succeeded by
John Edward Erickson
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