Johann Friedrich Agricola
Johann Friedrich Agricola (4 January 1720 – 2 December 1774) was a German composer, organist, singer, pedagogue, and writer on music. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Flavio Anicio Olibrio.[1]
Biography
Agricola was born in Dobitschen, Thuringia.
Leipzig
While a student of law at Leipzig (1738–41) he studied music under Johann Sebastian Bach.[2]
Berlin
In 1741 Agricola went to Berlin, where he studied musical composition under Johann Joachim Quantz.[1] He was soon generally recognized as one of the most skillful organists of his time. The success of his comic opera, Il filosofo convinto in amore, performed at Potsdam in 1750, led to an appointment as court composer to Frederick the Great. In 1759, on the death of Carl Heinrich Graun, he was appointed conductor of the royal orchestra.[1] He married the noted court operatic soprano Benedetta Emilia Molteni, despite the king's prohibition of court employees marrying each other. Because of this trespass, the king reduced Molteni's and Agricola's combined salaries to a single annual salary of 1,000 Thalers (Agricola's annual salary alone had been 1,500 Thalers).[3] Agricola died in Berlin at age 54.
Legacy
Agricola wrote a number of Italian operas, as well as Lieder, chorale preludes, various other keyboard pieces and church music, especially oratorios and cantatas. His reputation chiefly rests, however, on his theoretical and critical writings on musical subjects.[1]
Author
In 1754 he co-authored, with Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, J. S. Bach's obituary. His 1757 Anleitung zur Singekunst (Introduction to the Art of Singing) is a translation of Pier Francesco Tosi's 1723 treatise Opinioni de' cantori antichi e moderni with Agricola's own extensive comments. He edited and added extensive commentary to the 1768 (posthumous) edition of Jakob Adlung's Musica mechanica organoedi (English translation). His annotations are considered an important source of information on J. S. Bach's views on the fortepiano designs of Gottfried Silbermann, on the lute-harpsichord, and on organ building.[4]
Copyist
Agricola is also noted in Bach studies as one of the copyists for both books of the Well-Tempered Clavier and the St. Matthew Passion.[4]
References
- 1 2 3 4 Chisholm 1911.
- ↑ Philipp Spitta. Johann Sebastian Bach: His Work and Influence on the Music of Germany, 1685–1750. Novello & Co. 1899, III, p. 243
- ↑ Scherer, F. M. Quarter Notes and Bank Notes: The Economics of Music Composition in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
- 1 2 Richard D. P. Jones, entry on Johann Friedrich Agricola, Oxford Composer Companion: J. S. Bach (ed. Malcolm Boyd), Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-866208-4
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Agricola, Johann Friedrich". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
External links
- Free scores by Johann Friedrich Agricola at the International Music Score Library Project
- a list of works copied by Agricola's hand may be found by a source search on Bach Digital.
- Samples of Agricola's handwriting on Bach Digital: 1, 2, 3 and 4.