Jesse Smythes

Jesse, or Jessua Smythes (died 1594) was an English born judge and colonist in Elizabethan Ireland. He held office as Solicitor General for Ireland and Chief Justice of Munster, and was deeply involved in the Plantation of Munster. He was noted for his deep hostility to the native Irish, which seems to have gone far beyond that of the average English colonist of the time.

Little is known of his family background, his early life, or his career before 1584, when he was appointed Solicitor General for Ireland.^[1] He was, as far as is known, the first Englishman to hold the office: his appointment was at the personal request of Elizabeth I, who was dissatisfied with the quality of service provided by her Irish law officers, and believed that she would be better served by Englishmen. At the same time he was appointed Chief Justice of Munster. He seems to have been a diligent enough official ; he wrote to Francis Walsingham late in October of the same year describing the difficulties with prosecuting the Queen's cases in the Court of Exchequer (Ireland), and his efforts to resolve these difficulties.^[2]

There is an interesting glimpse of his official duties in the records of the Court of Castle Chamber, the Irish equivalent of Star Chamber, in 1586. Patrick Flatsbury and his brother Edmund, of Johnstown, County Kildare, were charged with the murder of Hugh Burn. According to the later indictment against the jury, the evidence of murder was overwhelming, yet the jury in flagrant disregard of the evidence acquitted both the accused. Smythes prosecuted the jurors in Castle Chamber for perjury, the reasoning being that they had broken their oath to deliver a true verdict; for their "dangerous example" to other juries they were convicted and fined, although in consideration of their poverty the fine was a small one.^[3]

He resigned from the office of Solicitor General in 1586, perhaps due to his increasing role in the Plantation of Munster. He was granted substantial lands in the province of Munster, where he settled 600 English tenants. He was noted for his exceptional severity towards the original Irish inhabitants: he refused to have any Irish tenants, boasted that there were no "mere Irish" within miles of his lands, and remarked that he "would set fire to the nest rather than that any such birds should roost in any land of his".^[4] If the Irish were to remain on their traditional lands, he thought, it could only be on condition that they accept the common law, for which he had a great reverence: he compared the bringing of common law to Ireland to Moses giving law to his people.^[5]

The English Government was informed of his recent death in January 1594. William Saxey succeeded him as Chief Justice of Munster.

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