James Speyer

James J. Speyer
Born (1861-07-22)July 22, 1861
New York City
Died October 31, 1941(1941-10-31) (aged 80)
Manhattan, New York
Nationality American
Occupation Banker
Spouse(s) Ellin Lowery (m. 1897; d. 1921)
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James Joseph Speyer (July 22, 1861 – October 31, 1941)[1] was an American banker based in the city of New York. Speyer was a well-known figure on Wall Street and the firm of Speyer & Co. was well respected until the time of its dissolution in 1939. In addition to his business activities, Speyer was actively involved with many social, educational and cultural organizations in New York City.

Biography

Speyer was educated in Frankfurt, Germany, and entered the Frankfurt branch of the Speyer family's banking house, Lazard Speyer-Ellissen, in 1883.[2][3] He was subsequently connected with the Paris and London branches of the firm before returning to New York in 1885 to join Speyer & Co., the branch of the family firm there. He became the head of the family firm in 1899 and was an officer in many other banks and trust companies.[2] In 1897, he married Ellin Lowery.[1]

Speyer was one of the founders of the Provident Loan Society and a trustee of the Teachers College at Columbia University, to which he in 1902 presented the Speyer School. He was also a trustee of the Museum of the City of New York. He was actively connected with the defeat of the Tammany Hall organization in 1894.[2] He was financial agent for the railroad activities of Collis P. Huntington, and worked with rail interests in Mexico, London, and the Philippines. While initially a substantial financial powerhouse, Speyer & Co. began a decline when World War I started. Speyer was pro-German, and the London office had to close. During the interwar period, the decreasing value of rail stocks, the United States' rise as a creditor nation, and official anti-Semitism in Germany contributed to further decline of the Speyer interests. Speyer's one-man-show management style was also a factor in the decline as well as his varied interests, which limited the time he gave to his banking concern. He retired in 1938, and the New York branch of the Speyer banking family, Speyer & Co,. ceased operations in 1939.[1]

Speyer also helped to found the Economic Club of New York in 1907 and the American Museum of Safety in 1911. He was one of the founders of the University Settlement Society of New York, the first settlement house in the United States. As treasurer he raised funds for the Society's building which was erected in 1895 and he later served as the Society's president. During World War I, Speyer and his wife formed the Aqueduct Guard Citizen's Committee to aid the troops guarding the Croton Aqueduct from the Catskills to New York City. Much of this activity was centered at Waldheim, their country home at Scarborough-on-Hudson, along which property ran a portion of that aqueduct. (The estate was sold in 1947, and subdivided into building lots for modest-priced single-family homes; while the original buildings no longer exist, a large part of the original property was home to the US headquarters of Philips Research, from 1965 to 2015.)[4][5] Speyer was also the initiator and founder of the Museum of the City of New York. Among the other philanthropic and civic organizations served by Speyer were the Ellin Prince Speyer Hospital for Animals (founded in 1910 by Mrs. Speyer), the United Hospital Fund and the New York World's Fair Finance Committee.[6]

Speyer was an active opponent of prohibition, and was an officer in the Association Against Prohibition. This interest interfered with his work on behalf of the Salvation Army, which was unalterably opposed to liquor in any form.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Herman E. Krooss (1973). "Speyer, James Joseph". Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement Three (1941-1945). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
  2. 1 2 3  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Speyer, James". Encyclopedia Americana.
  3. ↑ "Notable People of the Jewish Community in New York". The History Box. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  4. ↑ 1930: Tammany, the Democratic Boss Cat of New York’s City Hall
  5. ↑ "Philips Research Cambridge". Philips Research. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  6. ↑ James Speyer papers, New York Public Library Archives
  7. ↑ "Evangeline Booth Bars James Speyer". New York Times. 8 April 1922.
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