J. B. Lenoir
| J. B. Lenoir | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | J. B. Lenoir[1] |
| Born |
March 5, 1929 Monticello, Mississippi, United States[1] |
| Died |
April 29, 1967 (aged 38) Urbana, Illinois, United States[1] |
| Genres | Chicago blues, blues |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Guitar, harmonica, vocals |
| Years active | 1950s–1967 |
| Labels | Parrot, Chess, Checker, J.O.B., USA Records,[1] Vee-Jay |
| Associated acts | Big Bill Broonzy, Memphis Minnie, Big Maceo Merriweather, Muddy Waters, Sonny Boy Williamson II, Elmore James, Sunnyland Slim, J. T. Brown[1] |
J. B. Lenoir /ləˈnɔːr/ (March 5, 1929 – April 29, 1967) was an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter, active in the Chicago blues scene in the 1950s and 1960s.
His surname is sometimes pronounced as the French "L'n WAHR", but he pronounced it "La NOR". His given name simply was J. B.; the letters are not initials.
Life and career
He was born in Monticello, Mississippi.[2] Lenoir's guitar-playing father introduced him to the music of Blind Lemon Jefferson, which became a major influence.[1] During the early 1940s, Lenoir worked with the blues artists Sonny Boy Williamson II and Elmore James in New Orleans.[3] He was later influenced by Arthur Crudup and Lightnin' Hopkins.[1]
In 1949, he moved to Chicago, where Big Bill Broonzy helped introduce him to the blues community. He began to perform at local nightclubs, with musicians such as Memphis Minnie, Big Maceo Merriweather, and Muddy Waters, and became an important part of the city's blues scene.[3][4] He began recording in 1951 for J.O.B. Records and Chess Records. His recording of "Korea Blues" was licensed to and released by Chess,[5] as having been performed by J. B. and his Bayou Boys.[6] His band included the pianist Sunnyland Slim, the guitarist Leroy Foster, and the drummer Alfred Wallace.
During the 1950s Lenoir recorded for various record labels in the Chicago area, including J.O.B., Chess, Parrot, and Checker. His more successful songs included "Let's Roll", "The Mojo" (featuring saxophonist J. T. Brown) and the controversial "Eisenhower Blues", which Parrot Records forced him to re-record as "Tax Paying Blues."[5]
Lenoir was known in the 1950s for his showmanship, particularly his zebra-patterned costumes, and his high-pitched vocals. He became an influential electric guitarist and songwriter, and his penchant for social commentary distinguished him from many other bluesmen of the time.[1] His most commercially successful and enduring release was "Mamma Talk to Your Daughter", recorded for Parrot in 1954, which reached number 11 on the Billboard R&B chart and was later recorded by many other blues and rock musicians.[5] In the later 1950s, recording for Checker, he wrote several more blues standards, including "Don't Dog Your Woman" and "Don't Touch My Head!!!" (1956).
In 1963, he recorded for USA Records as J. B. Lenoir and his African Hunch Rhythm, having developed an interest in African percussion.[1] He was rediscovered by Willie Dixon, who recorded him playing acoustic guitar, with the drummer Fred Below, on the albums Alabama Blues and Down in Mississippi (inspired by the Civil Rights and Free Speech movements).[1] Lenoir toured Europe and performed in 1965 with the American Folk Blues Festival in the United Kingdom.[7]
Lenoir's work had overtly political content relating to racism and the Korean- and Vietnam wars.[8]
| “ | I never will go back to Alabama, that is not the place for me,
I never will go back to Alabama, that is not the place for me, |
” |
| — "Alabama Blues", by J. B. Lenoir | ||
Death
He died on April 29, 1967, in Urbana, Illinois, at the age 38, of internal bleeding related to injuries he had suffered in a car crash three weeks earlier, which had not been properly treated in a hospital in Illinois.[9]
Legacy
His death was lamented by John Mayall in the songs "I'm Gonna Fight for You, J.B." and "Death of J. B. Lenoir".[10]
The 2003 documentary film The Soul of a Man, directed by Wim Wenders as the second instalment of Martin Scorsese's series The Blues, explored Lenoir's career, together with those of Skip James and Blind Willie Johnson.
In 2011, Lenoir was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.[11]
Discography
- Alabama Blues: Rare and Intimate Recordings
"Chess Masters" (Chess double LP, 1984)
"The Parrot Sessions, 1954-55" (Relic LP, 1989)
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bill Dahl. "J.B. Lenoir". Allmusic. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- ↑ Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues - A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-0313344237.
- 1 2 "Blues Online© J.B. Lenoir". Physics.lunet.edu. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
- ↑ "J.B. Lenoir @ All About Jazz". All About Jazz. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
- 1 2 3 Williamson, Nigel (2007). Rough Guide to the Blues. ISBN 1-84353-519-X.
- ↑ "J. B. Lenoir Discography". Wirz.de. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
- ↑ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 133–134. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
- ↑ Vietnam Blues: The Complete L&R Recording – J.B. Lenoir | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards. AllMusic. Retrieved on 2014-06-25.
- ↑ Doc Rock. "The 1960s". The Dead Rock Stars Club. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
- ↑ "John Mayall – The Death of J.B. Lenoir Lyrics". Metrolyrics. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
- ↑ "2011 Blues Hall of Fame Inductees". Blues.org. Archived from the original on August 22, 2009. Retrieved 2013-03-10.