Index of religious honorifics and titles
This is an index of religious honorifics, including titles from religious traditions around the world.
Buddhism
Main article: Buddhism
| Buddhist honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Dalai Lama | |||||
| Gaden Tripa | |||||
| Panchen Lama | |||||
| Ani | |||||
| Dob-dob | |||||
| Dorje Lopön | |||||
| Gyalwang Drukpa | |||||
| Gelongma | |||||
| Geshe | |||||
| Je Khenpo | |||||
| Karmapa | |||||
| Khenpo | |||||
| Lama | The teachers of Dharma in Tibet. | ||||
| Panchen Lama | |||||
| Pandita | |||||
| Rinpoche | |||||
| Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche | |||||
| Shabdrung | |||||
| Shamarpa | |||||
| Tai Situpa | |||||
| Tulku | In Tibetan Buddhism, a Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow. | ||||
| Acharya | |||||
| Agga Maha Pandita | |||||
| Ajahn | |||||
| Ajari | |||||
| Anāgāmi | |||||
| Anagarika | |||||
| Arhat | |||||
| Ayya | |||||
| Bhikkhu | |||||
| Bhikkhuni | |||||
| Bodhisattva | |||||
| Chakravartin | |||||
| Dhammacari | |||||
| Jisha | |||||
| Kaisan | |||||
| Maha Kapphina | |||||
| Mae ji | |||||
| Mahasiddha | |||||
| Oshō | |||||
| Pratyekabuddha | |||||
| Rōshi | |||||
| Sakadagami | |||||
| Samanera | |||||
| Samaneri | |||||
| Sāvakabuddha | |||||
| Sayadaw | |||||
| Sensei | |||||
| Sikkhamānā | |||||
| Singhai | |||||
| Sotāpanna | |||||
| Śrāvaka | |||||
| Sunim | |||||
| Temple boy | |||||
| Tenzo | |||||
| Thero | |||||
| Thilashin | |||||
| Unsui | |||||
| Upajjhaya | |||||
| Upāsaka and Upāsikā | |||||
| Vajracharya | |||||
Christianity
Main article: Ecclesiastical address
Eastern Orthodox
Main article: Eastern Orthodox Church
| Eastern Orthodox honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople | Ecumenical Patriarch [insert name], His All-Holiness, Your All-Holiness. | ||||
| Patriarch | Patriarch [insert name] of [place], Patriarch, His Beatitude, Your Beatitude. | ||||
| Archbishop of an independent Church | The Most Reverend Archbishop [insert name] of [place], Archbishop John, His Beatitude, Your Beatitude. | ||||
| Archbishop of a sub-national Church | The Most Reverend Archbishop [insert name] of [place], Archbishop John, His Eminence, Your Eminence. | ||||
| Metropolitan | The Most Reverend Metropolitan [insert name] of [place], Metropolitan John, His Eminence, Your Eminence. | ||||
| Titular Metropolitan | The Most Reverend Metropolitan [insert name] of [place], His Excellency, Your Excellency. Some Metropolitans use the style "The Very Most Reverend", and a Metropolitan who is the head of an independent Church is addressed as "Beatitude" rather than "Excellency". | ||||
| Bishop | The Most Reverend Bishop [insert name] of [place], Bishop [insert name]. | ||||
| Titular/Auxiliary Bishop | Same as for Bishops, above, and in other languages Sayedna (Arabic), Despota (Greek), Vladika (Russian). | ||||
| Priest (Presbyter) | The Reverend Father or Father. | ||||
| Protopriest | The Very Reverend Protopriest or Father. | ||||
| Archpriest | The Very Reverend Archpriest [insert name] or Father. | ||||
| Archimandrite | The Very Reverend Archimandrite [insert name], or The Right Reverend Archimandrite, or Father. | ||||
| Hieromonk (Priest-monk) | The Reverend Hieromonk or Father. In other languages Abouna (Arabic), Pappas (Greek), Batushka (Russian) | ||||
| Priest's Wife | Presbytera Mary (Greek), Khouria Mary (Arabic), Matushka Mary (Russian), Papadiya Mary (Serbian), Panimatushka (Ukrainian) | ||||
| Deacon | The Reverend Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name], Father [insert name], Deacon Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name] | ||||
| Protodeacon | The Reverend Protodeacon [insert name], Father [insert name], Deacon Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name] | ||||
| Archdeacon | The Reverend Archdeacon [insert name], Father [insert name], Deacon Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name]. | ||||
| Hierodeacon (Deacon-monk) | The Reverend Hierodeacon [insert name], Father [insert name] | ||||
| Deacon's Wife | Diakonissa Mary (Greek), or the same titles as a priest's wife | ||||
| Abbot | The Right Reverend Abbot [insert name], Abbot [insert name], Father [insert name] | ||||
| Abbess | The Reverend Mother Superior [insert name], The Very Reverend Abbess [insert name], Reverend Mother [insert name], Mother [insert name] | ||||
| Monk | Monk [insert name], Father [insert name] | ||||
| Rassophore Monk | Rassophore Monk [insert name], Father [insert name] | ||||
| Stavrophore Monk | Stavrophore Monk [insert name], Father [insert name] | ||||
| Schemamonk | Schemamonk [insert name], Father [insert name] | ||||
| Novice | Novice [insert name]; or Brother [insert name]. The title "Brother" is a result of Latin influence; the title is only given to some novices with a special blessing. | ||||
| Nun | Nun [insert name], Mother [insert name] | ||||
| Rassophore Nun | Rassophore Nun [insert name], Sister [insert name] | ||||
| Novice | Sister [insert name] | ||||
Latter Day Saints
Main articles: Latter Day Saint movement and Priesthood (Latter Day Saints)
| Latter Day Saints honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Apostle | "Elder [surname]" | ||||
| President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (or Acting President) | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Bishop | "Bishop [surname]" (the title is often retained as a courtesy after the individual is released from the calling) | ||||
| Counselors in a Bishopric | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| Presiding Bishop and counselors in the Presiding Bishopric | "Bishop [surname]" (the title is often retained as a courtesy after the individual is released from the calling) | ||||
| Branch president | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Counselors in a branch presidency | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| Deacon | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| District President and counselors in a district presidency | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Elder | "Brother [surname]" (except for full-time missionaries, in which case it is "Elder [surname]") | ||||
| High priest | "Brother [surname]" (except for full-time missionaries, in which case it is "Elder [surname]") | ||||
| Full-time missionaries (female) | "Sister [surname]" | ||||
| Full-time missionaries (male) | "Elder [surname]" | ||||
| Mission president | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Counselors in a mission presidency | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Mission president's wife | "Sister [surname]" | ||||
| Patriarch | "Brother [surname]" or "Patriarch [surname]" | ||||
| Presiding Patriarch | "Elder [surname]" or "Patriarch [surname]" | ||||
| Priest | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| President of the Church and counselors in the First Presidency | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Presidents of the Seventy | "Elder [surname]" | ||||
| Seventy | "Elder [surname]" | ||||
| Local and general Relief Society, Young Women, and Primary presidents and their counselors | "Sister [surname]" | ||||
| Local and general Sunday School presidents and counselors in Sunday School presidencies | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| Stake President and counselors in a stake presidency | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Teacher | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| Temple president | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Counselors in a temple presidency | "President [surname]" | ||||
| Matron (temple president's wife) | "Sister [surname]" | ||||
| Assistant to the Matron (wife of a temple presidency counselor) | "Sister [surname]" | ||||
| Local and general Young Men presidents and counselors in Young Men presidencies | "Brother [surname]" | ||||
| President (LDS Church honorific) | "President [surname]" is used for most positions that use the word "President" in the title (including all quorum presidents), with the following exceptions:
| ||||
Protestantism
Main article: Protestant Christianity
| Protestant Christian honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Preacher | Some churches in the United States | ||||
| Pastor | |||||
| Reverend | |||||
| Elder | Some Presbyterian denominations distinguish between Teaching Elder (aka Minister of Word and Sacrament or Pastor) and Ruling Elder. Teaching Elders are ordained by the Presbytery and fill the role of pastor. Ruling Elders are ordained by the local church and serve on a board that leads the church. | ||||
| Deacon | |||||
| Bishop | See also Bishop (Catholic Church) | ||||
| Archbishop | |||||
| Resident Bishop | This title is exclusive to the United Methodist Church. | ||||
| Doctor | Most common in non-mainline churches (Doctor of Metaphysics (D.o.M.) and Doctor of Divinity (D.o.D.). High ranking teachers in certain evangelical institutions bear the title "Scolasticus Theologicae" (Pundit/Clerical professor of Theology). These are clerical titles, not academic. | ||||
Roman Catholicism
Main article: Roman Catholicism
| Roman Catholicism honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Presbyter | |||||
| Chaplain | |||||
| Chancellor | |||||
| Prince bishop | |||||
| Abbot | |||||
| Patriarch | |||||
| Primate | A primate is a bishop to whom the title has been officially granted, usually the bishop of the oldest church of a nation. In the past the title carried jurisdiction over metropolitan bishops, but today usually it is purely honorific. | ||||
| Major archbishop | Major archbishops are the heads of some of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Their authority within their sui juris church is equal to that of a patriarch, but they receive fewer ceremonial honors. | ||||
| Metropolitan bishop | A metropolitan bishop is an archbishop in charge of an ecclesiastical province, or group of dioceses, and in addition to having immediate jurisdiction over his own archdiocese, also exercises some oversight over the other dioceses within that province. Sometimes a metropolitan may also be the head of an autocephalous, sui iuris, or autonomous church when the number of adherents of that tradition are small. In the Latin Rite, metropolitans are always archbishops; in many Eastern churches, the title is "metropolitan," with some of these churches using "archbishop" as a separate office. | ||||
| Archbishop | An archbishop is the bishop of an archdiocese. This is usually a prestigious diocese with an important place in local church history. In the Roman Catholic Church, the title is purely honorific and carries no extra jurisdiction, though most archbishops are also metropolitan bishops, as above. | ||||
| Suffragan bishop | A suffragan bishop is a bishop subordinate to a Metropolitan. | ||||
| Titular bishop | A titular bishop is a bishop appointed to an episcopal see that is no governed by a residential (a titular see). He may serve as an auxiliary bishop of a diocese or as an official of the Roman Curia. | ||||
| Auxiliary bishop | An auxiliary bishop is a titular bishop who is an assistant to a diocesan bishop. He is to be appointed as a vicar general or at least as an episcopal vicar of the diocese in which he serves.[1] | ||||
| Coadjutor bishop | A coadjutor bishop is an assistant bishop who has the automatic right to succeed the incumbent diocesan bishop. The appointment of coadjutors is often seen as a means of providing for continuity of church leadership. | ||||
| Chorbishop | A chorbishop is an official of a diocese in some Eastern Christian churches. Chorbishops are not generally ordained bishops – they are not given the sacrament of Holy Orders in that degree – but function as assistants to the diocesan bishop with certain honorary privileges. | ||||
| Cardinal | |||||
| Priest | |||||
| Nun | |||||
| Brother | |||||
Roman Catholicism in the United States
| Roman Catholics in the United States honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Cardinal | Referred to as His Eminence; Your Eminence | ||||
| Cardinal who is also an archbishop | His Eminence; Your Eminence | ||||
| Archbishop | Referred to as The Most Reverend; His Excellency; Your Excellency. | ||||
| Bishop | Referred to as The Most Reverend; His Excellency; Your Excellency. | ||||
| Abbot | Referred to as The Right Reverend; Father Abbot, others depending on personal and abbey custom. | ||||
| Abbess, Prioress, superior of a religious order of women or a province | Referred to as Reverend Mother or Mother Abbess | ||||
| Protonotary Apostolic, Honorary Prelate, Chaplain of His Holiness | Referred to as The Reverend Monsignor. Postnominals are rarely used for Honorary Prelates or Chaplains of His Holiness. | ||||
| Vicar General | Referred to as The Very Reverend or Father | ||||
| Judicial Vicar, Ecclesiastical Judge, Episcopal Vicar, Vicar Forane, Dean, Provincial Superior, Rector | Referred to as The Very Reverend or Father. | ||||
| Monsignor | Referred to as Monsignor or The Reverend Monsignor. Generally no longer bestowed. | ||||
| Canon | Referred to as The Very Reverend Canon[2] | ||||
| Prior | Referred to as The Very Reverend or Father. | ||||
| Pastor of a Catholic parish, Parochial Vicar, Chaplain, Priest | Referred to as The Reverend or Father. | ||||
| Permanent Deacon | Referred to as or Reverend Deacon, Deacon, or Father. | ||||
| Lay Ecclesial Ministers | Referred to by appropriate civil titles (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc.) | ||||
| Religious Brother, including monks | Referred to as Brother. | ||||
| Religious Sister, including nuns | Referred to as Sister. | ||||
| Transitional Deacon | Referred to as Reverend Mister or Deacon. | ||||
| Seminarian, deacon candidate, other theology students. | Referred to by appropriate civil titles (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc.) | ||||
Hinduism
Main article: Hinduism
| Hinduism honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Abhyasi | |||||
| Acharya | |||||
| Bhagat | |||||
| Chakravartin | |||||
| Shankaracharya | |||||
| Devadasi | |||||
| Dvija | |||||
| Firekeeper | |||||
| Godman | The Godman is a Hindu ascetic | ||||
| Goswami | |||||
| Guru | Originally referring in Sanskrit to Brihaspati, a Hindu divine figure, today the term is commonly used in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, as well as in many new religious movements. | ||||
| Gymnosophists | |||||
| Jagad guru | |||||
| Mahamandaleshwar | |||||
| Mahant | |||||
| Maharshi | |||||
| Mantrik | |||||
| Melshanthi | |||||
| Pandit | |||||
| Paramahamsa | |||||
| Paramguru | |||||
| Rajarshi | |||||
| Rishi | |||||
| Rishi Muni | |||||
| Sadhaka | |||||
| Sadhu | |||||
| Saint | |||||
| Sannyasa | |||||
| Sant | |||||
| Satguru | |||||
| Shaunaka | |||||
| Shishya | |||||
| Swami | An ascetic or yogi who has been initiated into the religious monastic order founded by Adi Sankara,[3] or to a religious teacher.[4] When used as a prefix with a monastic name, "Swami" usually refers to men who have taken the oath of renunciation and abandoned their social status. The monastic name is usually a single word without a first and last name. | ||||
| Yogi | |||||
Islam
Main article: Islam
| Islamic honorifics and titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | |
| Alayhi 'l-salat wa'l-Salam | Means "Upon him prayer and peace"; used for all earlier Prophets and Angels. | |
| Alayhi wa 'ala Alihi al-salat wa 'l-Salam | Means "Upon him and his family be prayer and peace" | |
| Salawat Allahi 'alayhi wa Alihi | Means "The exaltations of God shall be upon him and his family" | |
| Salawat Allah wa Salamuhu 'Alayhi wa Alihi | Means "The exaltations and peace of God be upon him and his family" | |
| Salla 'llah 'Alayhi wa Alihi wa Sahbihi wa sallam | Means, "May God exalt and bring peace upon him, his family, and his companions" | |
| Salla 'llah 'alayhi wa Alihi wa sallam | Means, "May God exalt and bring peace upon him and his progeny" | |
| Radiya Allaho 'anho | Means "May God be pleased with him"; Used for companions of prophet as well as scholars | |
| Akhoond | ||
| Allamah | A Sunni Islam term meaning the most respected of the Marjas; it is a Persian name for teacher that is also used by some to denote a teacher of extraordinary respect. | |
| Amir al-Mu'minin | Leader of the faithful ( only used for four Rashidun Caliphate ) | |
| Ash Shakur | ||
| Ayatollah | In Shi'a Islam, a high ranking title given to clerics. | |
| Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques | ||
| Dervish | One who never disappoint beggars | |
| Emir | ||
| Hadrat | Honorific title for all Muslims | |
| Hajji | One who performed the Hajj Pilgrimage | |
| Imam | In Shi'a Islam, the Imam is appointed by God, and Muhammed was informed that the number of Imams after him will be 12. | |
| Karram-Allah-u Wajhahu | ||
| Khwaja | Teacher of All Saints at that time | |
| Khoja | A Turkestani word | |
| Mahdi | The 12th Imam will come either as a first time appearance or as a reappearance after a long occultation. The Mahdi is the greatest teacher, the Messiah of the Islamic World, and the Maitreya of Buddhism. | |
| Makhdoom | ||
| Marabout | A spiritual teacher of Islam as it is taught in the West Africa and Maghreb, The word comes from the Berber concept of Saint. The "marabout" is known as "Sayyed" (سيد) to the Arabic speaking Maghribians. | |
| Marja | In Shi'a Islam, The name means source to follow. | |
| Mawlawi | A Persian word for teacher meaning Master. | |
| Mawlānā | Learned one of Qur'an And Hadhith | |
| Moinuddin | Helper of Religion (used only for Gharib Nawaz, Most famous Sufi of India | |
| Mu'min | Highest Rank For followers of Qur'Aan and Hadhith | |
| Mufti | A guide on the Path to the Source of living Water (the divine sharia law) is called Mufti. | |
| Muhaddith | Someone who has profound knowledge of the Haddith, and teaches by Narration, or storytelling. | |
| Mullah | The title of the teachers at the Madrasahs, Islamic schools. Mullah is a teacher in regard of being respected as a vicar and guardian of Qur'an and the Islamic traditions. | |
| Mujaddid | Someone sent by God to aid the Umma and revive Islam at the beginning of every century . | |
| Murshid | Spiritual Teacher | |
| Otin | ||
| Peace be upon him | Used for Friends of Allah | |
| Sufism | Spiritual Leader [Male] | |
| Pirani | Spiritual Leader [Female] | |
| Qalandar | Mystic | |
| Radhiallahu 'anhu | Used for Friends of Allah with Highest Rank | |
| Rahimatullah | Used for Friends of Allah | |
| Rais | ||
| Sayyid | Descendant of Prophet Muhammad's Daughter Named Fatima Al Zahra | |
| Sharif | To Give Respect | |
| Sheikh | An Arabic honorific term that literally means Elder. It is a long historic debate in many cultures whether the elder in itself denotes the role and status of a teacher. | |
| Sheikh ul-Islam | ||
| Subhanahu wa ta'ala | ||
| Sultan | King | |
| Sultana | King [Female] Used only for Razia Sultan of Delhi Sultanat | |
| Thangal | ||
| Ulema/Ulama | The title that indicates that the teacher has come to awareness of the consensus, the ijma, of the Umma. Umma is the universal community of all the children of God. | |
Judaism
Main article: Judaism
| Jewish honorifics and titles | |
|---|---|
| Role | Description |
| Rabbi | Literally means ‘great one’. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word רַב, rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ or ‘distinguished (in knowledge)’. |
| Av Beit Din | |
| Chief Rabbi | |
| Choizer | |
| Fellow Student | |
| Gadol | |
| Gaon | |
| Hakham | |
| Hakham Bashi | |
| Illui | |
| Kohen Gadol | |
| Lamdan | |
| Maggid | |
| Maran | |
| Mashgiach ruchani | |
| Mashpia | |
| Meiniach | |
| Nagid | |
| Posek | |
| Rav | |
| Rebbe | |
| Rishon LeZion | |
| Rosh yeshiva | |
| Savoraim | |
| Segan | |
| Talmid Chacham | |
| Tzadik | |
| Archipheracite | |
| Badchen | |
| Cantor | This title has a different meaning in Reform Judaism. |
| Gabbai | |
| Kohen | |
| Mashgiach | |
| Mashgiach ruchani | |
| Mashpia | |
| Melamed | |
| Meshulach | |
| The Mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen | |
| Mohel | |
| Cantorate | This position had a different meaning to the Reform Jewish in the 19th Century. |
| Rosh yeshiva | |
| Sandek | |
| Schulklopfer | |
| Shaliah | |
| Shechita | |
| Sofer | |
| The status quo Kohen | |
| Tzadikim Nistarim | |
| Yeshiva | |
| Admo"r | "Admor" is an acronym for "Adonainu, Morainu, VeRabbeinu," a phrase meaning "Our Master, Our Teacher, and Our Rebbe." This is an honorific title given to scholarly leaders of a Jewish community. In writing, this title is placed before the name, as in "Admor of Pinsk" or "R' (stands for Rabbi, Rav,or Reb) Ploni Almoni, Admor of Redomsk." |
| Shlit"a | 'Shlit"a' is an acronym for "Sheyikhye Lirot Yamim Tovim Arukim/Amen," "May he live a good long life" or "May he live a good life, Amen," given to a revered rabbi or to someone's child's Rebbe (teacher). This title is usually placed before the name. |
| K'vod K'dushat | "K'vod K'dushat," meaning "The honor of [his] holiness". This title is usually placed before the name. It is found as early as in the 1531 edition of The Aruk.[5] |
| Shy' | "Shy'" is an acronym for "Sheyikhye," meaning "May he live". This title is usually placed after the name. |
New Thought
Main article: New Thought
| New Thought honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Doctor | Most common: Doctor of Divinity (D.o.D.) or Doctor of Metaphysics (D.o.M.) | ||||
| Counselor | |||||
| Life coach | |||||
| Healing practitioner | |||||
| Religious Science Practitioner | "A trained counselor who listens to concerns and offers loving prayers in accordance to the principles of Science of Mind. Practitioners honor each person from a holistic viewpoint and acknowledge their basic loving nature."[6] | ||||
Neopaganism
Main article: Neopaganism
| Pagan honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Volkhvy | Heathen priests among the pre-Christian Rus' people. | ||||
| Gothi | A title sometimes used by adherents of Heathenism, referring to a priest or ceremonial leader. | ||||
| Witch | A title used by someone who practices Witchcraft. The term is gender neutral. Many Wiccans are Witches because of the inclusion of witchcraft in many Wiccan traditions. Some Witches are not Wiccans and practice Traditional Craft or folk magic. | ||||
| Priest/Priestess | A title that may be used within various forms of Paganism. In Wicca, it denotes a male or female who has been initiated into the priesthood in the 1st or 2nd degree depending on the tradition. | ||||
| High Priest/High Priestess | A Wiccan role. A male or female becomes a High Priest/ess once they attain the second or third degree, depending upon which tradition of Wicca they belong to. | ||||
| Bard | 1st degree (after candidacy/initiation) title used by the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids that is primarily centered on song, spoken word, memory, tradition, and poetry.[7] | ||||
| Ovate | 2nd degree used by the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. It is the centered on healing, divination, and herbalism.[8] | ||||
| Druid | A masculine term for someone who practices druidry, the indigenous spirituality of the Celts. People who belong to a grove or are members of a druid order will use this term generically regardless of gender to indicate they practice the overall faith instead of a holding the rank of a specific degree title. In the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids, druid is the gender neutral 3rd degree, the priest title, centered on teaching, philosophy, mysticism, and other leadership roles.[9] | ||||
| Druidess | The female form of the word druid. A woman who practices the druid spirituality. Mainly found in Irish mythology. | ||||
| Archdruid | A title that is held by the chief or head of a druid order. Sometimes independent groves (druid form of circle/coven) may have an archdruid, but generally this is reserved for the head of an entire organization such as the Reformed Druids of North America (RDNA),[10] The Ancient Order of Druids in America (AODA),[11] Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship (our own druidism in Irish),[12] and the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids in England.[13] | ||||
| Solitary practitioner | A person who practices Neopaganism alone and does not belong to a group, circle, grove or organization. Sometimes they may belong to a group or organization, but may live too far from other members to attend and chose to do a solitary practice.This is often the case with druid orders are national and international organizations and have members spread out across the globe. Members of groups and organizations who attend functions will often have a solitary practice but this is not a "solitary practitioner". | ||||
| Santero/Santera | a person who is the priest or priestess clergy in Santeria. | ||||
| Babalawo/Iyalawo | a person who is a priest or priestess of Ifa and knows the mysteries in which they can divine through Orisha Orunmila who is the Orisha of divination in the Santerian tradition of Ifa. | ||||
| Houngan/Mambo | a person who is the priest of priestess in Haitian Voodoo. | ||||
Serer
Main article: Serer religion
| Serer honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Lamane | "Master of the land". Ancient lamanic class of the Serer people. Guardians of Serer religion, laws and ethics. Extinct (see States headed by ancient Serer Lamanes). | ||||
| Saltigue | "Ministers of the religious cult". The Serer priestly class. | ||||
Zoroastrianism
Main article: Zoroastrianism
| Zoroastrianism honorifics and titles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Description | ||||
| Mobad, Mobedyar | |||||
| Herbad | |||||
| Dastur | |||||
Various
Teachers
In Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru. Traditionally, a spiritual seeker would revere his or her guru highly, and demonstrate utmost submission and humility through menial service in order to prove worthy to be a recipient of the knowledge the guru has attained by initiation practices. There are many sayings on the teacher like "Guru devo bhava" (Guru is God), which reflects of the esteem associated with a guru's role.
In Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.
Clergy is the generic term for formal religious leadership within a given religion. A clergyman, churchman, or cleric is a member of the clergy. They may be called priest, preacher, pastor, minister, reverend, or father. In Christianity there is a wide range of formal and informal clergy positions, including deacons, priests, bishops, and ministers. In Shiaa Islam, religious leaders are usually known as imams or ayatollahs. There are many concepts of teachers in Islam, ranging from mullahs (the teachers at madrassas) to ulemas.
In evangelical christian theology the title "Scolasticus Theologicae" describes a highly trained theologist comparable to a professorship in academia.[14]
Magicians
There are many kinds of people who deal with magic. They include paranormal magicians, fantasy magicians, shamans, kalku, and the magi. In Shamanic magic, the Seid plays a role, as does the Warlock and Witch in Paganism. In history, magic in the Greco-Roman world was common. There are also the Onmyou Mystic and the Bomoh.
See also
References
- ↑ "Canon 406". Code of Canon Law. The Holy See. 1983. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ecclesiastical Addresses". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Religion, page 958.
- ↑ Ebenezer Cobham Brewer (2009). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Chambers Harrap Publishers. ISBN 978-0-550-10411-3.
- ↑ http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=42537&st=&pgnum=2 (Hebrew)
- ↑ Vorensky, J. and Carr, K. (2001) I Dare to Heal: With Compassionate Love. Life's Breath Publications and Xlibris. p 155.
- ↑ "What is a Bard?". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "What is an Ovate?". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "What is a Druid?". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "Reformed Druids of North America". Reformed Druids of North America. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "AODA". Ancient Order of Druids in America. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship". Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "OBOD". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ Harold J. Westing (1997): Church Staff Handbook. How to Build an Effective Ministry Team. Revised and Updated. Kregel Publications.
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