Hurricane Fox (1952)

Hurricane Fox
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)

October 25, 1952 weather map, featuring Hurricane Fox
Formed October 20, 1952
Dissipated October 28, 1952
Highest winds 1-minute sustained: 150 mph (240 km/h)
Lowest pressure 934 mbar (hPa); 27.58 inHg
Fatalities 41
Damage $10 million (1952 USD)
Areas affected Cuba, southeast Florida, the Bahamas
Part of the 1952 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Fox was the strongest and deadliest tropical cyclone of the below average 1952 Atlantic hurricane season. The seventh tropical storm, sixth Atlantic hurricane, and the third major hurricane of the season, Fox was a small and intense Caribbean storm that developed northwest of Cartagena, Colombia, in the southern Caribbean Sea. It moved steadily northwest, intensifying to a tropical storm on October 21. The next day, it rapidly strengthened into a hurricane and turned north. The cyclone attained peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) as it struck Cayo Guano del Este off the coast of Cienfuegos. Fox made landfall on Cuba at maximum intensity, producing peak gusts of 170–180 mph (275–290 km/h). It weakened over land, but it re-strengthened as it turned east over the Bahamas. On October 26, it weakened and took an erratic path, dissipating west-southwest of Bermuda on October 28.

Hurricane Fox was the second most intense hurricane to strike Cuba until Hurricane Michelle in the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. It was originally believed to have been the second Category 4 hurricane in Cuba prior to the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis. At the time, the cyclone produced the fourth lowest pressure in a landfalling Cuban hurricane; only the 1917, 1924, and 1932 hurricanes were more intense. Hurricane Fox killed at least 40 people across the island, causing severe crop damages in rural areas. The hurricane also ruined 30 percent of the tomato crops on Eleuthera in the Bahamas. Across the archipelago, Fox produced wind gusts in excess of 110 mph (175 km/h). Total damages reached $10 million in Cuba. Fox was the second hurricane to hit land during the season, after Hurricane Able struck South Carolina.[1]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

On October 20, a tropical depression formed in the Caribbean Sea, 170 miles (270 km) northwest of Cartagena, Colombia.[2] Fox is believed to have developed from a low pressure area in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, though it was not operationally detected until October 21.[1] The system steadily advanced northwest and it gradually intensified. On October 21, a reconnaissance mission flew into the system, reporting sustained winds in excess of 40 mph (65 km/h).[3] At the time, the system is estimated to have strengthened to Tropical Storm Fox.[2] The cyclone continued to deepen, and it reached the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, 120 miles (200 km) southeast of the Swan Islands, Honduras.[2] The hurricane rapidly intensified and turned north on October 23, strengthening to attain winds which correspond to a modern-day major hurricane, a storm of Category 3 status or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Late on October 24, the cyclone struck the small island of Cayo Guano del Estes in the Archipelago de los Canarreos, south of Cienfuegos.[1] Maximum sustained winds were near 150 mph (240 km/h),[2] and the island's weather station recorded a minimum pressure of 934 mbar (27.59 inHg).[1] The cyclone crossed the mainland coast of Cuba west of Cienfuegos,[1] and it weakened as it crossed the island.[2]

Early on October 25, Hurricane Fox entered the Atlantic Ocean.[2] It crossed central Andros and turned east across the Bahamas.[2] On October 26, the hurricane briefly re-intensified[2] as it crossed Cat Island.[4] The center became ill-defined,[4] and the cyclone quickly weakened.[2] It turned north and then took an erratic northeast turn as it weakened to a tropical storm on October 27.[2] The system gained extratropical characteristics as it merged with a polar frontal boundary,[1] and it dissipated west-southwest of Bermuda on October 28.[2]

Preparations

Advisories, along with coordination between the National Observatory at Havana and U.S. Weather Bureau, were credited for the reduced deaths in Cuba. Weather observations were also readily available from Cuban meteorological stations.[1] On October 25, the cyclone's hurricane force winds were expected to remain off the Florida east coast, although gale-force winds were anticipated from the Florida Keys to Palm Beach, Florida. Accordingly, storm warnings were issued from Key West, Florida to Vero Beach, Florida.[5] Military aircraft were transported to safer locations, while watercraft were stored in harbors and rivers.[5] Hotels and resorts were boarded up on the barrier islands.[6] The Bahamas received warnings well in advance of the hurricane.[7] The hurricane turned quickly to the east, which reduced the threat to Bimini, Cat Cay, Grand Bahama, and the Abaco Islands.[8]

Impact

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Haiti
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1,447.8 57.00 Flora 1963 Miragoâne [9]
2 654.8 25.78 Noel 2007 Camp Perrin [10]
3 410.0 16.14 Lili 2002 Camp Perrin [11]
4 323.0 12.72 Hanna 2008 Camp Perrin [12]
5 273.0 10.75 Gustav 2008 Camp Perrin [13]
6 65.0 2.56 Fox 1952 Ouanaminthe [14]
Storm total rainfall related to Hurricane Fox

An aircraft flight into the storm experienced severe turbulence, and wind driven rain reportedly stripped paint from the plane's surfaces.[1]

As a result of the storm, 70 people were injured in Cuba. Severe damage to properties and crops occurred in rural areas.[1][5] In Zulueta, 30 structures were destroyed, while a Japanese freighter was washed ashore on the reefs near Cayo Breton. The crew survived,[15] though another ship was disabled during the storm.[5] The fringes of the storm produced heavy rainfall in Cuba, flooding low areas and causing several rivers to overflow their banks.[15] Strong winds uprooted large trees in Santa Isabel, and winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) were reported in the city of Cienfuegos.[15] In Aguada de Pasajeros, 600 buildings were demolished, while 36 of 261 sugar mills across the island were damaged by Hurricane Fox.[1] In all, Hurricane Fox killed 40 people in Cuba and caused $10 million in damages.[16]

The cyclone produced peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) in Nassau, Bahamas, causing no reported damage.[8] Crops were damaged by high winds and heavy precipitation on Eleuthera. About 30 percent of the tomato crops were destroyed during the storm.[1] A man who attempted to secretly seed and weaken the storm was missing and presumed dead after his plane disappeared off Miami, Florida. Multiple searches by the Coast Guard were unsuccessful.[17][18]

In the early 1950s, Atlantic tropical cyclones were named via the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet. Hurricane Fox of 1952 was the final Atlantic tropical cyclone to be designated with this naming system, and a female list of tropical cyclone names was utilized in the 1953 Atlantic hurricane season.[19] After the stronger 1917 Pinar del Río hurricane, Hurricane Fox was Cuba's second most intense landfall until Hurricane Michelle struck the island in 2001.[2] Originally, the 1917 hurricane was believed to have been a Category 3 hurricane prior to the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis, which made Fox the second Category 4 landfall after the 1932 Cuba Hurricane.[20] At the time, Fox was the fourth most intense hurricane to strike Cuba in terms of atmospheric pressure; only the 1917, 1924, and 1932 storms were stronger at one point in their life spans.[21]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Norton, Grady (1952). "Hurricanes of 1952" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hurricane Research Division (2008). "Atlantic hurricane best track". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  3. ↑ United Press (1952). "Nor'easter Slams Florida Peninsula". The Galveston Daily News. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  4. 1 2 The Associated Press (1952). "Hurricane Losing Force". The Daily Record. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  5. 1 2 3 4 The Associated Press (1952). "Storm Veers To Eastward". The Lima News. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  6. ↑ Lebanon Daily News (1952). "Hurricane Cuts Across Cuba; Bahamas Next". Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  7. ↑ Charleston Daily Mail (1952). "Bahamas Storm". Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  8. 1 2 The Associated Press (1952). "Hurricane Shuns Florida, Whirls at Bahama Isles". Panama City News-Herald. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  9. ↑ Dunn, Gordon E; Moore, Paul L; Clark Gilbert B; Frank, Neil L; Hill, Elbert C; Kraft, Raymond H.; Sugg, Arnold L. (1964). "The Hurricane Season of 1963" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 92 (3): 136. doi:10.1175/1520-0493-92.3.128. ISSN 0027-0644. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  10. ↑ Brown, Daniel P; National Hurricane Center (December 17, 2007). Hurricane Noel (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  11. ↑ Finnigan, Sean (October 4, 2002). Hurricane Lili almost drowns Camp-Perin, Haiti (PDF) (Report). Organisation for the Rehabilitation of the Environment. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  12. ↑ Brown, Daniel P; Kimberlain, Todd B; National Hurricane Center (March 27, 2009). Hurricane Hanna (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  13. ↑ Beven II, John L; Kimberlain, Todd B; National Hurricane Center (January 22, 2009). Hurricane Gustav (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  14. ↑ Roth, David M. (April 29, 2015). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  15. 1 2 3 The Associated Press (1952). "Florida Braces as Winds Sweep Out Into Gulf". San Antonio Express. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  16. ↑ Landsea, Cristopher Landsea (2003). "Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  17. ↑ The Associated Press (1952). "Norman Pilot May be Victim of Hurricane". The Ada Evening News. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  18. ↑ The Associated Press (1952). "Failure Marks Try to Seed Hurricane". Nevada State Journal. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  19. ↑ National Hurricane Center. "Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  20. ↑ Hurricane Research Division (2008). "HURDAT Meta-Data". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
  21. ↑ Partagas, Jose Fernandez (1993). "Impact on Hurricane History of a Revised Lowest Pressure at Havana (Cuba) During the October 11, 1846 Hurricane" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2008-02-26.

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/25/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.