Hunt v. Cromartie

Supreme Court of the United States

Argued August 4, 1999
Decided May 17, 1999

Full case name

James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor of North Carolina, et al., Appellants v. Martin Cromartie, et al.

Citations

Holding

The 12th district of North Carolina as drawn was unconstitutional because it was created for the purpose of placing African Americans in one district, thereby constituting illegal racial gerrymandering.

Court membership

Chief Justice William Rehnquist

Associate Justices John P. Stevens · Sandra Day O'Connor Antonin Scalia · Anthony Kennedy David Souter · Clarence Thomas Ruth Bader Ginsburg · Stephen Breyer

Case opinions

Majority

Thomas, joined by Rehnquist, O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy

Concurrence

Stevens, joined by Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer

Laws applied

U.S. Const. amend. XIV

Hunt v. Cromartie, 526 U.S. 541 (1999), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding North Carolina's 12th congressional district. In an earlier case, Shaw v. Reno, 517 U.S. 899 (1995), the Supreme Court ruled that the 12th district of North Carolina as drawn was unconstitutional because it was created for the purpose of placing African Americans in one district, thereby constituting illegal racial gerrymandering. The Court ordered the state of North Carolina to redraw the boundaries of the district.

In this follow-up case, the Supreme Court ruled that the state was able to justify the new boundaries of the 12th district by showing that it was intended to create a safe seat for Democrats, and therefore the redrawn district was a constitutional example of political gerrymandering. Justice O'Connor acted as the swing vote, satisfied with the change in reasoning since Shaw v. Reno.

External links

Full Text of the opinion

United States Fourteenth Amendment case law

Citizenship Clause

Slaughter-House Cases (1873) Elk v. Wilkins (1884) United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) Perez v. Brownell (1958) Saenz v. Roe (1964) Afroyim v. Rusk (1967) Rogers v. Bellei (1971)

Due Process Clause

Economic substantive due process	Mugler v. Kansas (1887) Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897) Lochner v. New York (1905) Coppage v. Kansas (1915) Adams v. Tanner (1917) Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)

Right to privacy	Meyer v. Nebraska (1923) Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Doe v. Bolton (1973) Roe v. Wade (1973) Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)

Right to abortion	United States v. Vuitch (1971) Doe v. Bolton (1973) Roe v. Wade (1973) H. L. v. Matheson (1981) City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990) Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of New England (2006) Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)

Civil rights liability under Section 1983	Monroe v. Pape (1961) McNeese v. Board of Educ. (1963) Pierson v. Ray (1967) Jenkins v. McKeithen (1969) Scheuer v. Rhodes (1974) Wood v. Strickland (1975) O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975) Paul v. Davis (1976) Imbler v. Pachtman (1976) Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978) Procunier v. Navarette (1978) Owen v. City of Independence (1980) Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982) Felder v. Casey (1988) Will v. Michigan Department of State Police (1989) Gonzaga University v. Doe (2002) Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community (2003) City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams (2005) Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee (2009) Ashcroft v. Iqbal (2009) Los Angeles County v. Humphries (2010) Connick v. Thompson (2011)

Other	Holden v. Hardy (1898) Muller v. Oregon (1908) Buck v. Bell (1927) Powell v. Alabama (1932) West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937) NAACP v. Alabama (1958) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Loving v. Virginia (1967) Epperson v. Arkansas (1968) In re Winship (1971) Edwards v. Aguillard (1987) Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. (2009) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Equal Protection Clause

United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
Pace v. Alabama (1883)
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Buchanan v. Warley (1917)
Lum v. Rice (1927)
Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942)
Perez v. Sharp (1948)
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla. (1948)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1964)
Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971)
Reed v. Reed (1971)
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
Romer v. Evans (1996)
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

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Hunt v. Cromartie

See also

Further reading

External links