Human anti-chimeric antibody

The human anti-chimeric antibody (HACA) can develop in patients undergoing autoimmune disease therapy with the drug infliximab. This drug can cause the patient to develop antibodies to the medicine itself, which are termed HACAs. The incidence of developing these antibodies is highest in patients receiving intermittent therapy with infliximab, and lowest in patient receiving continuous therapy and concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Some suggest that the presence of these antibodies causes a decrease in efficacy of infliximab and increased risk of infusion reactions.

References

Immunology: lymphocytic adaptive immune system and complement

Lymphoid

Antigens	Antigen Superantigen Allergen Hapten Epitope Linear Conformational Mimotope Antigen presentation/Professional APCs: Dendritic cell Macrophage B cell Immunogen

Antibodies	Antibody Monoclonal antibodies Polyclonal antibodies Autoantibody Microantibody Polyclonal B cell response Allotype Isotype Idiotype Immune complex Paratope

Immunity vs. tolerance	action: Immunity Autoimmunity Alloimmunity Allergy Hypersensitivity Inflammation Cross-reactivity inaction: Tolerance Central Peripheral Clonal anergy Clonal deletion Tolerance in pregnancy Immunodeficiency

Immunogenetics	Affinity maturation (Somatic hypermutation Clonal selection) V(D)J recombination Junctional diversity Immunoglobulin class switching MHC/HLA

Lymphocytes

Substances

Proteins: Globular proteins

Serum globulins

Alpha globulins

serpins:	alpha-1 (Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha 1-antitrypsin) alpha-2 (Alpha 2-antiplasmin) Antithrombin (Heparin cofactor II)

carrier proteins:	alpha-1 (Transcortin) alpha-2 (Ceruloplasmin) Retinol binding protein

other:	alpha-1 (Orosomucoid) alpha-2 (alpha-2-Macroglobulin, Haptoglobin)

Beta globulins

carrier proteins:	Sex hormone-binding globulin Transferrin

other:	Angiostatin Hemopexin Beta-2 microglobulin Factor H Plasminogen Properdin

Gamma globulin

Immunoglobulins

Other

Other globulins

Albumins

Egg white	Conalbumin Ovalbumin Avidin

Serum albumin	Human serum albumin Bovine serum albumin Prealbumin

Other	C-reactive protein Lactalbumin (Alpha-lactalbumin) Parvalbumin Ricin

see also disorders of globin and globulin proteins

Antibodies

Antibodies	Light chain IGK@ IGL@ surrogate IGLL1 Heavy chain IGH@ IGHM IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM IgY Heavy-chain antibody/IgNAR

see also disorders of globin and globulin proteins

Medical test: Antibodies: autoantibodies

Anti-nuclear antibody	PBC: Anti-gp210 Anti-p62 Anti-sp100 ENA: Anti-topoisomerase/Scl-70 Anti-Jo1 ENA4 Anti-Sm Anti-nRNP Anti-Ro Anti-La Anti-centromere Anti-dsDNA

Anti-mitochondrial antibody	Anti-cardiolipin

Anti-cytoplasm antibody	Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic C-ANCA P-ANCA Anti-smooth muscle Anti-actin Anti-TPO/Antimicrosomal

Cell membrane	Anti-ganglioside Anti-GBM Anti-glutamate

Extracellular	Anti-thrombin Lupus anticoagulant Coeliac disease: Anti-transglutaminase Anti-gliadin not autoantibody RA Rheumatoid factor/anti-IgG Anti-citrullinated peptide

Multiple locations	Anti-phospholipid Anti-apolipoprotein

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