Hugh Guthrie

For the Australian politician, see Hugh Guthrie (Australian politician).

The Honourable Hugh Guthrie PC KC


Leader of the Official Opposition
In office 1926–1927
Monarch	George V
Prime Minister	William Lyon Mackenzie King
Preceded by	William Lyon Mackenzie King
Succeeded by	R. B. Bennett
Personal details
Born	(1866-08-13)August 13, 1866 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Died	November 3, 1939(1939-11-03) (aged 73) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Nationality	Canadian
Political party	Liberal (1900-1917) Liberal-Unionist/Unionist (1917-1921) Conservative (1921-1939)
Profession	Lawyer

Hugh Guthrie, PC, KC (13 August 1866 – 3 November 1939) was a Canadian politician and Cabinet minister in the governments of Sir Robert Borden, Arthur Meighen and R. B. Bennett.

He was born in Guelph, Ontario, the son of Donald Guthrie, and studied there and at Osgoode Hall, becoming a barrister. Guthrie was named a King's Counsel in 1902. He married Maude Henrietta, the daughter of Guelph businessman Thomas H. Scarff.

Guthrie was first elected to the House of Commons as a Liberal in 1900 from the riding of Wellington South. He sat in Wilfrid Laurier's caucus for 17 years, but crossed the floor to join the Unionist government of Robert Borden as a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1917. The former Liberal backbencher became a leading light in his new party, serving as Solicitor General under Borden. With the end of World War I, most Liberal-Unionists either rejoined the Liberal Party or joined the new Progressive Party. Guthrie, however, stayed with the Conservatives, becoming Minister of Defence and running for re-election as a Conservative in the 1921 election. After the election, he joined the Tories on the Opposition benches.

As a result of the 1926 "King-Byng Affair", Meighen's Conservatives formed a government in which Guthrie served as Minister of Justice and Minister of National Defence. This second stint in Cabinet ended with the defeat of the Meighen government in that fall's election. Meighen lost his seat, and Guthrie served as Leader of the Opposition and interim leader of the Conservative Party for a full year.

Guthie sought the party leadership at the leadership convention that the party held in 1927, but was defeated by R.B. Bennett. John George Diefenbaker was a delegate to that convention and he wrote in his memoirs that Guthrie's candidacy was hurt when the former Liberal absent-mindedly declared in his speech to delegates that the Tory meeting was the "greatest Liberal convention in history".

Bennett led the Tories to victory in the 1930 election, and Guthrie was appointed Minister of Justice and Attorney General. In 1931, he led the Canadian delegation to the League of Nations. In 1933, he introduced legislation making it illegal to carry a concealed weapon without authorization. In 1935, he clashed with opposition Member of Parliament (MP) Agnes Macphail who demanded an inquiry into inhumane conditions in Canada's prisons such as the whipping of prisoners.

Hugh Guthrie in earlier years

As the Great Depression worsened and millions were unemployed, the government became increasingly concerned about political instability and the growth of radical movements. Guthrie's department was responsible for the persecution of the Communist Party of Canada, and the arrest and incarceration of Communists, including leader Tim Buck, for sedition.

In 1933,Tim Buck was shot at by soldiers in an apparent assassination attempt while he was in his cell during a prison riot. Guthrie was forced to admit that the attack was deliberate, but claimed the intent was only to frighten him; however, the public outcry at this incident lead to Buck being released.

In 1935, unemployed workers in British Columbia's deserted the remote relief camps established by the Bennett government, and began the "On to Ottawa Trek". Thousands of unemployed workers hopped on freight trains heading east intending to converge in Ottawa and press their demands on the government. Bennett's cabinet saw this as an insurrectionary movement and panicked. In the House of Commons, Guthrie charged that the protesters "were a distinct menace to the peace, order and good government of Canada."

As the protesters entered Saskatchewan, Guthrie had the Trek banned, over the objections of Saskatchewan Premier James G. Gardiner. He and Bennett ordered the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to use tear gas and revolvers to break up the Trek when it entered Regina. The city was but under siege with hundreds of police officers moved in blocking all exits from the city. On July 1, 1935, the police attacked a meeting attended by 3,000 people resulting in one death, dozens of injuries and national outrage.

Guthrie, now 69, did not run in the 1935 election that routed Bennett's government, preferring to retire from politics. He died four years later.

Electoral record (Wellington South)

Canadian federal election, 1900
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Liberal	Hugh GUTHRIE	2,755	51.0	2.4
	Conservative	Christian KLOEPFER	2,649	49.0	-2.4
Total valid votes			5,404	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1904
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Liberal	Hugh GUTHRIE	3,694	52.7	1.7
	Conservative	Christian KLOEPFER	3,315	47.3	-1.7
Total valid votes			7,009	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1908
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Liberal	Hugh GUTHRIE	3,873	55.0	2.3
	Conservative	John NEWSTEAD	3,172	45.0	-2.3
Total valid votes			7,045	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1911
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Liberal	Hugh GUTHRIE	3,368	55.1	0.1
	Conservative	Arthur Thomas Kelly EVANS	2,744	44.9	-0.1
Total valid votes			6,112	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1917
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Government (Unionist)	Hugh GUTHRIE	7,358	77.5
	Labour	Lorne CUNNINGHAM	2,139	22.5
Total valid votes			9,497	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1921
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Conservative	Hugh GUTHRIE	6,208	36.6	-40.9
	Labour	James SINGER	6,077	35.9	13.4
	Liberal	Samuel CARTER	4,662	27.5	27.5
Total valid votes			16,947	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1925
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Conservative	Hugh GUTHRIE	9,096	52.9	16.3
	Liberal	Robert William GLADSTONE	8,088	47.1	11.1
Total valid votes			17,184	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1926
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Conservative	Hugh GUTHRIE	8,515	53.3	0.4
	Liberal	William A. BURNETT	7,471	46.7	-0.4
Total valid votes			15,986	100.0

Canadian federal election, 1930
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Conservative	Hugh GUTHRIE	8,887	53.0	-0.3
	Liberal	John Burr MITCHELL	7,893	47.0	0.3
Total valid votes			16,780	100.0

By-election: On Mr. Guthrie being appointed Minister of Justice, 25 August 1930: Wellington South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Hugh GUTHRIE	acclaimed

References

Canadian Parliamentary Guide (1934), AL Normandin

External links

Hugh Guthrie – Parliament of Canada biography

Parliament of Canada
Preceded by Christian Kloepfer	Member of Parliament from Wellington South 1900–1935	Succeeded by Robert William Gladstone
Political offices
Preceded by Arthur Meighen (acting)	Solicitor General of Canada 1917–1921	Succeeded by Guillaume-André Fauteux
Preceded by James Alexander Calder	Minister of Militia and Defence 1920-1921	Succeeded by George Perry Graham
Preceded by Edward Mortimer Macdonald	Minister of National Defence 1926	Succeeded by James Robb (politician)
Preceded by Ernest Lapointe	Minister of Justice 1926	Succeeded by Esioff-Léon Patenaude
Preceded by Arthur Meighen	Leader of the Opposition 1926-1927	Succeeded by R.B. Bennett
Preceded by Ernest Lapointe	Minister of Justice 1930-1935	Succeeded by George Reginald Geary
Party political offices
Preceded by Arthur Meighen	Conservative Party Leader 1926–1927	Succeeded by R. B. Bennett

Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General

Ministers of Defence

Ministers of Militia and Defence (1867–1923)	Cartier Langevin (acting) McDonald Ross Vail Jones Masson Campbell Caron Bowell Patterson Dickey Bowell Desjardins Tisdale Borden Hughes Kemp Mewburn Calder (acting) Guthrie G. Graham

Ministers of National Defence (1923–)	G. Graham E. Macdonald Guthrie Robb (acting) Ralston Sutherland Stirling Mackenzie Rogers Power (acting) Ralston McNaughton Abbott Claxton Campney Pearkes Harkness Churchill Hellyer Cadieux Drury (acting) D. Macdonald Benson Dubé (acting) Drury (acting) Richardson Danson McKinnon Lamontagne Blais Coates Clark (acting) Nielsen Beatty McKnight Masse Campbell Siddon Collenette Young Eggleton McCallum Pratt B. Graham O'Connor MacKay Nicholson Kenney Sajjan

Associate Ministers of National Defence (1953–2013, 2015–)	Power Campney Hellyer Sévigny Cardin Cadieux Andre Dick Collins Guarnieri Bélanger Fantino Valcourt Findlay Fantino Hehr

Ministers of the Naval Service (1910–22)	Brodeur Lemieux Hazen Ballantyne G. Graham

World War I	Ministers of the Overseas Military Forces (1916–20) Perley Kemp

World War II	Ministers of National Defence for Air (1940–46) Power Macdonald (acting) Gibson Ministers of National Defence for Naval Services (1940–46) Macdonald Abbott Ministers of National War Services (1940–48) Gardiner Thorson Laflèche McCann

Solicitors General of Canada

Curran Tupper Fitzpatrick Carroll Lemieux Bureau Meighen Guthrie Fauteux McKenzie McMurray Cannon Fauteux Cannon Dupré Jean Lapointe Garson Campney Macdonald Balcer Browne MacNaught Pennell Turner McIlraith Goyer Allmand Fox Basford (acting) Blais Lawrence Kaplan MacKay Beatty Kelleher Beatty (acting) Blais Cadieux Lewis Gray Scott MacAulay Easter¹

¹The office of Solicitor General was abolished and the office of Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness was in force April 4, 2005.

Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada

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