Hopkins Island

Hopkins Island
Hopkins Island
Geography
Location Spencer Gulf
Administration
Australia

Hopkins Island is an island located in Spencer Gulf off the east coast of Jussieu Peninsula on Eyre Peninsula in South Australia approximately 32 km (20 mi) south-east of Port Lincoln. It was named by Matthew Flinders in memory of John Hopkins who was one of the eight crew lost from a cutter that capsized on 21 February 1802. Since 2004, the island has been part of the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area.

Description

Hopkins Island is located approximately 32 km (20 mi) south-east of Port Lincoln and 1.3 km (0.81 mi) west of Carrington Point, on the west coast of Thistle Island. The island is triangular in plan with its long axis being approximately 1,900 m (6,200 ft) and it maximum width being about 950 m (3,120 ft). Its long axis is aligned in a north-east direction, similar to that of the north-west coast of Thistle Island. The island has an area of 162 ha (400 acres)and has a maximum height of 69 m (226 ft) near its south west end. Access by boat is possible at the small beach on the island’s north coast.[1][2]

Formation, geology and oceanography

Hopkins Island was formed about 7000 years ago after sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene.[3] The island has a perimeter consisting of granite over which ‘a flat upper plateau’ of calcarenite sits and which supports ‘a thick soil bed’.[1] The island rises from the seabed at 30 m (98 ft) from within 200 m (660 ft) of its north west coast while the same transition occurs over a distance of almost 600 m (2,000 ft) on its south coast. On its north east coast, the passage between the island and Thistle Island is relatively shallow with a maximum charted depth of 11 m (36 ft) due to both islands sharing the same geological base strata.[2]

Flora and fauna

Plants

As of 1996, a shrubland dominated by marsh saltbush grows in the deeper soil present on most of the upper platform. tussock grass and nitre bush is present in locations where thinner soils lying over underlying ridges of rock. heath bluebush dominates the thinner exposed soils on the island’s perimeter. Weed species were represented by African box thorn, common iceplant, and grasses such as red brome and rat's-tail fescue. It was suggested that these weed species have been successful due to various attempts to develop a pasture on the island suitable for grazing.[1]

Terrestrial animals

The short-tailed shearwater was reported in 1996 as being the dominant animal species on the island with an estimated population of ‘69700 adult birds in 34800 burrows.’ Other species observed at the time include the bush rat and the black tiger snake.[1] As of 2013, the island is reported as being an unconfirmed breeding site for flesh-footed shearwaters.[4]

Marine animals

Australian sea lions use the beach on the island’s north west coast as a haul out site.[1]

History

The island was one of several first sighted by Europeans on Saturday, 20 February 1802, from HMS Investigator whilst under the command of Matthew Flinders entered what is now Spencer Gulf. [5]

Flinders named the island on Wednesday, 24 February 1802, in memory of John Hopkins who lost his life, presumably drowned, along with seven other members of the crew on Sunday 21 February 1802 when one of the HMS Investigator’s cutters capsized near Cape Catastrophe.[6][7]

Economic activity

Guano

Hopkins Island is one of the island sites from which guano was mined under licence from the South Australian Government prior to 1919.[8]

Tourism

Hopkins Island is notable as a venue to see, swim and snorkel with Australian sea lions.[9]

Protected areas status

Since 30 September 2004, Hopkins Island has been part of the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area. Previously, it had been part of the Lincoln National Park.[10] It originally obtained protected area status as a fauna reserve under the former Fauna Conservation Act 1964 in 1965.[11]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). "South Australia's offshore islands" (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. pp. 238–239. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  2. 1 2 Royal Australian Navy Hydrographic Service Hydrographic Department, (1983). Port Lincoln and approaches (chart no. Aus 134).
  3. ↑ Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). "South Australia's offshore islands" (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 12. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  4. ↑ Goldsworthy, S.D.; Lavers, J.; Carey, M.; Lowther, A.D. (2013). "Assessment of the status of the Flesh-footed Shearwater in South Australia: population status, subspecies status and foraging ecology. Final Report to Nature Foundation SA (SARDI Publication No. F2013/000013-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 736)" (PDF). South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences). p. 3. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  5. ↑ Flinders, Matthew (1966) [1814]. A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island. (Facsimile ed.). Adelaide; Facsimile reprint of: London : G. and W. Nicol, 1814 ed. In two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes): Libraries Board of South Australia. p. 228. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  6. ↑ Flinders, Matthew (1966) [1814]. A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island (Facsimile reprint of: London, GB : G. and W. Nicol, 1814, ed. in two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes) ed.). Adelaide: Libraries Board of South Australia. p. 232. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  7. ↑ "An historic tablet; The Flinders inscription discovered". Chronicle. 26 April 1924. p. 53. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  8. ↑ Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). "South Australia's offshore islands" (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 134. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  9. ↑ Baker, J. L. (2004). Towards a System of Ecologically Representative Marine Protected Areas in South Australian Marine Bioregions - Technical Report. Part 3 (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. pp. 56–57.
  10. ↑ "Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area Management Plan" (PDF). Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources. 2005. p. 1. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  11. ↑ Robinson, A. C.; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). "South Australia's offshore islands" (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. p. 140. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

Coordinates: 34°58′S 136°04′E / 34.967°S 136.067°E / -34.967; 136.067

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/18/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.