Highweek

Highweek

All Saints Church, Highweek
Highweek
 Highweek shown within Devon
OS grid referenceSX846720
Civil parishHighweek
DistrictTeignbridge
Shire countyDevon
RegionSouth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town NEWTON ABBOT
Postcode district TQ12
Dialling code 01626
Police Devon and Cornwall
Fire Devon and Somerset
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK ParliamentNewton Abbot
List of places
UK
England
Devon

Coordinates: 50°32′13″N 3°37′43″W / 50.536991°N 3.628629°W / 50.536991; -3.628629

Highweek, less commonly called Highweek Village, is a former village, now administratively part of the market town of Newton Abbot in South Devon, England. It is prominent and recognisable due to its high location on a ridge on the north edge of the town. Highweek is also a church parish.[1] The village is the centre of the electoral ward of Bradley. Its population at the 2011 census was 5,043.[2]

The Normans built a motte-and-bailey castle here and it probably remained occupied until the mid 13th century. The church, now a Grade I listed building, was consecrated in 1428 after the villagers petitioned the pope for their own graveyard. Today, the village has been absorbed into Newton Abbot, but it retains its village identity.[3]

History

The first documentary reference to the place now known as Highweek is as Teyngewike in c. 1200. This referred to its position as a settlement (wick from Anglo-Saxon wic[4]) near the River Teign. By 1301 it was being called Heghwyk, the reference to the prominent (high) hill on which it stands having taken over[5] though the name Teignweek was still in use as late as 1850.[6]

Highweek stands in an area which experienced invasion and settlement in around 700 AD by the Saxons and then by the Danes in 1001 AD, when they sacked and pillaged the nearby village of Kingsteignton. In the village is a Norman motte-and-bailey earthwork known as Castle Dyke,[7] that was built to protect the manor of Teignwick. It is a scheduled monument that is included in the "At Risk" register,[8] but still stands tall "...crowned by two surviving pines."[9]

The parts of the Hundred of Teignbridge—including Teignwick—that lay to the west of the River Teign were owned by the king, but in 1237 Henry III granted them to Sir Theobald de Englishville.[10] De Englishville apparently never married and had no children, and shortly before his death in 1262 he conveyed his lands to his nephew Robert Bushel, who held them until his death in 1269. This was apparently an early death, for he left as his heir a son, named Theobald, aged only four years. Theobald's guardians were Henry and Matilda de Bickleigh and it is likely that they abandoned Castle Dyke in favour of a new manor house built in the nearby valley of the River Lemon around this time.[11]

During the 13th century the settlement north of the River Lemon became known as Newton Bushel after the Bushel family. In 1402 they were succeeded as lords of the manor by the Yardes.[12] Richard Yarde built most of the present Bradley Manor, though a few remnants of the late 13th century Bushel building still survive.[11]

Newton Bushel combined with New Town of the Abbots (of Torre Abbey) from the south side of the River Lemon to form what became known as Newton Abbot. Highweek is now joined to Newton Abbot and is administratively part of Newton Abbot under Newton Abbot Town Council and Teignbridge District Council.

Geography

Highweek is on a ridge that overlooks the South Devon market town of Newton Abbot, the Teign Estuary and the Bovey Basin. To the north west, Haytor and surrounding parts of Dartmoor dominate the skyline, and to the north east the Haldon Hills some 9 miles away towards Exeter can be seen. Immediately north of the village there is the unusual cone shaped hill of Daracombe Beacon that overlooks the ball clay opencast pit of Ringslade Quarry, Howton Road and the 1st Highweek Village Scout Group building. The Beacon has a cluster of trees on its peak and is one of the highest points in Newton Abbot at 82 m.[13] Another high point immediately north of the road of Gaze Hill contains a hidden covered municipal water tank.

The village gives its name to a geological unit (the Highweek Unit) that extends for at least 8 km westwards from the village. The geology underlying Highweek itself is Gurrington slate of Famennian age (a late subdivision of the Devonian period), with small outliers of resistant spilites forming both the ridge on which the church stands and the hills north of the village, such as the aforementioned Daracombe Beacon.[14]

Modern Highweek

Today Highweek has a public house called the Highweek Village Inn, a garage, village hall, and a late medieval church. Within the parish boundary there are two secondary schools with sixth forms, Coombeshead College and Newton Abbot College, and another church: St Mary the Virgin, Abbotsbury. At the meeting point of the road of Highweek Village and Coombeshead Road there are rustic cottages and terraced houses. There was a village post office into the 1990s, opposite the Highweek Inn at the top of Pitt Hill Road, but it is now residential.

All Saints Church

The church and its graveyard

By 1427 the parishioners had built a chapel at Highweek, but they had to carry their dead about three miles to the parish church in Kingsteignton. They petitioned Pope Martin V for their own graveyard because "the tides and rivers, and the mud of winter and the intense heat of summer" made the journey "both troublesome and dangerous to accomplish".[15] The pope granted permission in a bull dated 14 May 1427, and the church and its churchyard were consecrated by Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter on 19 April 1428.[15] Until 1864 it remained a chapel of ease to Kingsteignton.[16] All Saints has the Bradley aisle which was built by Richard Yarde of Bradley Manor in the 15th century, and it also had a rood screen that was said to be "beautiful" until it was mutilated in 1786 and later removed completely.[17]

Today, the church is a Church of England place of worship in the Diocese of Exeter, known as Highweek Parish.[1] All Saints shares parishioners in rotating services with the other church in the parish, St Mary the Virgin, Abbotsbury, Church. It is a Grade I listed building.[18] The church sits on a steep sided hill at the end of ridge which runs the length of the village, and is clearly visible for miles around facing St Mary's Wolborough Church on the opposite side of Newton Abbot. The battlemented tower on the west end of the nave carries a flag pole and a lit star at Christmas, which can be seen from Newton Abbot town centre.

References

  1. 1 2 "Parish of Highweek". Diocese of Exeter. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  2. ↑ "Bradley ward 2011.Retrieved 18 Feb 2015.".
  3. ↑ Dale, Laura (18 January 2010). "Village campaigners fight further new homes". This is South Devon. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  4. ↑ Skeat, Walter W. (1993). The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology (Facsimile reprint of Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884 ed.). Ware: Wordsworth Reference. p. 561. ISBN 1-85326-311-7.
  5. ↑ Gover, J. E. B., Mawer, A. & Stenton, F. M. (1931). The Place-Names of Devon. (English Place-Name Society. Vol viii.) Part I. Cambridge University Press; pp. 472–73.
  6. ↑ "Highweek – Genealogy". Genuki. 7 September 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  7. ↑ Woolner, Diana & Alexander (1953). "Castle Dyke, Highweek, Newton Abbot, Devon". Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association. 85: 133–8.
  8. ↑ "Scheduled Monuments at Risk – Castle Dyke, Newton Abbot, Teignbridge, Devon". English Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  9. ↑ Smith, Richard B. L. (August 1991) The Story of All Saints' Church Highweek (Parish Information leaflet)
  10. ↑ Carter, Philip (2004). Newton Abbot. Exeter: The Mint Press. pp. 8–10. ISBN 1-903356-40-7.
  11. 1 2 Woolner, Diana (1989). Bradley, Devon (guidebook). The National Trust. pp. 10–11, 21.
  12. ↑ Newton Abbot – Town Council Official Guide. Newton Abbot 1990s edition, "K.L / H.P Ltd./ D.M.C / 9006 Printed in Great Britain" ISBN 0-7140-2705-7
  13. ↑ Google Earth 2011
  14. ↑ Selwood, E. B.; Edwards, R.A.; et al. (1984). Geology of the country around Newton Abbot. London: HMSO. pp. 13, 38–40. ISBN 0-11-884274-9.
  15. 1 2 Dunstan, G. R., ed. (1971). The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, 1420–1455. IV. Devon & Cornwall Record Society. pp. 280–1.
  16. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1989) [1952]. Cherry, Bridget, ed. The Buildings of England: Devon. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 584. ISBN 0-14-071050-7.
  17. ↑ Rowe, Chas. R. (1907). South Devon. London: Adam and Charles Black. p. 136.
  18. ↑ "Parish Church of All Saints – Newton Abbot – Devon – England". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 22 February 2011.

Further reading

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 8/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.