Herman Husband
| Herman Husband | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
Oct. 3, 1724 Cecil County, Maryland, Province of Maryland, (British Royal Colony), British North America, British Empire |
| Died |
June 19, 1795 (aged 71) Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania |
| Cause of death | pneumonia |
| Resting place | Husband Cemetery, Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Harmon Husband |
| Occupation | farmer, regulator, pamphleteer, author, preacher |
| Movement | North Carolina Regulators, Whiskey Rebellion |
| Religion | Quaker |
| Spouse(s) | Emey Ward, Emey Allen, Mary Cox, Mary Pugh |
| Children | Mary Husband Schafer, Herman Husband, Isaac Tuscape Husband, Amy Husband, David Husband, Phoebe Husband, Susan Husband, John Husband |
| Parent(s) | William Husband and Mary Kinkey |
| Relatives | John Husbands (brother), William Husband (brother), Hannah Husband Stumpf (sister) |
Herman Husband (1724–1795), also known as Harmon Husband, was a farmer, regulator, radical, pamphleteer, author, and preacher. He was born in Cecil County, Maryland[1] and raised as an Anglican. One of the many to be inspired to the Great Awakening after hearing George Whitefield preach, he became disenchanted with his original faith and became a "New Light" Presbyterian and then a Quaker. Husband was twice elected the North Carolina assembly, being expelled during his second term.
Affiliation with Benjamin Franklin
Moving to Loves Creek in what is now Siler City,[2][3] North Carolina[1][4] and later to Sandy Creek[5] in what is now Randolph County in the 1750s, Husband established himself as a farmer and religious leader. He was later asked to leave the Quaker Meeting and he did so but continued to follow many of their tenets including strict pacifism. Philosophically he was drawn to the wisdom of Ben Franklin. Husband and Franklin kept up a correspondence through John Willcox,[6] a merchant of Cross Creek, now Fayetteville, North Carolina, who went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania twice annually to purchase goods. John Willcox was the son of Thomas Willcox whose paper mill in Concord Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, manufactured paper used by Benjamin Franklin for his publications.[7] Husband was thus in receipt of political pamphlets of a patriotic nature which he reprinted and circulated among his fellow citizens.[1]
Regulator Rebellion
In the 1760s, he was involved in the resistance to the corrupt practices of predatory government officials- mainly the lawyers and judges. He was elected to the colony's assembly and spoke out against governmental abuses. His story is reminiscent of that of John Wilkes. He was jailed for speaking out and then set loose when an angry mob of armed backwoods farmers was coming to free him. The resisters organized and began calling themselves "Regulators" because they wanted to regulate the government, that is- to force it to obey the laws. Thus the movement is known as the Regulator Rebellion. Mob action was taken to prevent the worst abuses of the courts.
Husband always denied he was a Regulator, and indeed, as a pacifist he wouldn't take part in violence or threats of violence. But he was a spokesman and a symbol for the resistance. He had several tracts printed the best known being "Shew Yourselves to be Freemen" (1769),"An Impartial Relation of the First and Causes of the Recent Differences in Public Affairs" (1770), and "A Fan For Fanning And A Touchstone For Tryon" (1771). In 1770, Husband was expelled from the state legislature, ostensibly for libel but most likely due to his affiliation with the Regulators.
When the officers of Rowan County, North Carolina agreed to decide the dispute between themselves and the Regulators through a committee of arbitration, Husband was selected to serve on the committee.[1]
Husband accompanied the Regulators on the morning of the Battle of Alamance (May 16, 1771) and sought to bring about an adjustment. Seeing this was impossible, he mounted his horse and rode away, his Quaker principles dictating that he avoid participation in a fight.
A small powderhorn used by Husband's cousin, Harmon Cox, at the Battle of Alamance and later carried by Husband when he fled to Somerset County, Pennsylvania, was donated to the Alamance Battlefield North Carolina State Historical Site by a descendant, Nick Sheedy, in 2008.
After the "rebellion" was crushed at the Battle of Alamance, Husband fled to Maryland under the name "Tuscape Death" and later called himself "Old Quaker". He only openly reclaimed his own name after the American Revolution.
Husband continued his journeys both physical and metaphysical eventually settling in an area known as "The Glades" in what was then Bedford County and later became part of Somerset County in Western Pennsylvania and becoming a millennial preacher as well as a political reformer. He called for progressive taxation, paper money, and, as a proponent of greater participation of common people in government as well as in religion, more democracy. In 1782 he released a pamphlet entitled "Proposals to Amend and Perfect the Policy of the Government of the United States of America" where he argued in favor of smaller legislative districts and legislatures for each county in order to maximize the influence of voters. For the first federal elections in 1788 Husband argued in favor of electing congressmen in districts instead of by the statewide method that was used.
Whiskey Rebellion
His outspoken nature and reputation for radicalism drew him into the Whiskey Rebellion (1794), where he served as a delegate to the Parkison's Ferry and Redstone meetings attempting to moderate the violent resistance to the excise tax on whiskey championed by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. He is also, associated with the raising of a liberty pole, at Brunerstown, present-day Somerset, Pennsylvania, in the town square, adorned with an ensign, proclaiming "Liberty and No Excise".
When federal troops marched over the Allegheny Mountains, ostensibly to put down the revolt, they found no rioters but a lack of provisions which led them to thieve from local farmers, from which they acquired the ignominious name of the "Watermelon Army". The federal forces rounded up suspects including Husband who was specifically sought after. The detainees were held in miserable conditions and then marched back east for trial. He was tried and condemned to death. Friends interceded to secure Husband's release.[1]
Death
At about age 71, he died of illness in June 1795.
Popular culture
- Diana Gabaldon uses Husband, as a minor but significant character in her novel, The Fiery Cross (2001).
- Inglis Fletcher uses Husband, as a major character in her novel, The Wind in the Forest (1957).
- Husband is also, a major character is William Hardy's "The Sword of Peace." Performed annually every summer at the "Snow Camp Outdoor Theater."
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Annual Report of the American Historical Association For The Year 1894, Washington, D.C, Government Printing Office, 1895, pp. 155 - 157.
- ↑ "Sandy Creek Baptist Association". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ↑ "North Carolina Historical Marker Program". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ↑ "Husband's Mill Randolph County". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ↑ "Sandy Creek Husband's Mill". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ↑ George Willcox 1988. John Willcox 1728-1793 of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, North Carolina and Chatham County, North Carolina. Historical Research Company. page 27.
- ↑ George Willcox 1988. John Willcox 1728-1793 of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, North Carolina and Chatham County, North Carolina. Historical Research Company. pages 1-2.
- Hogeland, William. The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America's Newfound Sovereignty. New York: Scribner, 2006. ISBN 0-7432-5490-2.