Styles Bridges

Styles Bridges
Senate Republican Policy Committee Chairman
In office January 3, 1955 – November 26, 1961
Preceded by	Homer S. Ferguson
Succeeded by	Bourke B. Hickenlooper
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955
President	Richard Nixon
Preceded by	Kenneth McKellar
Succeeded by	Walter F. George
Senate Minority Leader
In office January 8, 1952 – January 3, 1953
Deputy	Leverett Saltonstall (whip)
Preceded by	Kenneth S. Wherry
Succeeded by	Lyndon B. Johnson
Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee
In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955
Preceded by	Kenneth D. McKellar
Succeeded by	Carl Hayden
In office January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949
Preceded by	Kenneth D. McKellar
Succeeded by	Kenneth D. McKellar
United States Senator from New Hampshire
In office January 3, 1937 – November 26, 1961
Preceded by	Henry W. Keyes
Succeeded by	Maurice J. Murphy, Jr.
63rd Governor of New Hampshire
In office January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1937
Preceded by	John G. Winant
Succeeded by	Francis P. Murphy
Personal details
Born	Henry Styles Bridges (1898-09-09)September 9, 1898 Pembroke, Maine
Died	November 26, 1961(1961-11-26) (aged 63) Concord, New Hampshire
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	(1) Sally Clement (2) Doloris Thauwald

Henry Styles Bridges (September 9, 1898 – November 26, 1961) was an American teacher, editor, and Republican Party politician from Concord, New Hampshire. He served one term as the 63rd Governor of New Hampshire before a twenty-four-year career in the United States Senate.

Early life and career

Bridges was born in West Pembroke, Maine, the son of Alina Roxanna (Fisher) and Earle Leopold Bridges.^[1] He attended the public schools in Maine. Bridges attended the University of Maine at Orono until 1918. From 1918 he held a variety of jobs, including teaching, newspaper editing, business and state government. He was an instructor at Sanderson Academy, Ashfield, Massachusetts from 1918 to 1919. He was a member of the extension staff of the University of New Hampshire at Durham from 1921 until 1922. He was the secretary of the New Hampshire Farm Bureau Federation from 1922 until 1923, and the editor of the Granite Monthly Magazine from 1924 until 1926. Meanwhile, He was the director and secretary of the New Hampshire Investment Corporation from 1924 until 1929. He was then a member of the New Hampshire Public Service Commission from 1930 until 1934.

Political career

Bridges ran for governor of New Hampshire in 1934, and won, becoming the nation's youngest governor at the time, according to John Gunther's book, Inside U.S.A. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1936, and would serve until his death in 1961. In 1937 he retired from the Army Reserve Corps, in which he had served as a Lieutenant since 1925. In 1940 he attempted to win the Republican nomination for President; the nomination was eventually won by Wendell Willkie. That same year, Bridges also received two delegates for the Republican vice presidential nomination, which eventually went to Charles L. McNary. Bridges broke his hip on New Year's Eve 1941, and missed several months of the next Senate session.

Bridges was reelected to four subsequent terms in 1942, 1948, 1954, and 1960, but he did not complete his final term due to his death. He became the highest-ranking Republican senator, serving as chairman of the Joint Committee on Foreign Economic Cooperation when the Republicans had control of the Senate from 1947 until 1949, Senate Minority Leader from 1952 until 1953, President pro tempore of the United States Senate when the Republicans had control of it from 1953 until 1955, chairman of the Joint Committee on Inaugural Arrangements for both of the inaugurations of President Dwight Eisenhower, Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations when the Republicans had control of the Senate from 1947–1949 and 1953–1955, and Chairman of the Republican Policy Committee from 1954 until his death.

In the Senate, John Gunther wrote, Bridges was "an aggressive reactionary on most issues...and he is pertinaciously engaged in a continual running fight with the CIO, the Roosevelt family and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics."^[2]

Association with Joseph McCarthy

Bridges was a staunch defender of Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, and was one of only 22 senators, all Republicans, who voted against the censure of McCarthy for his "red scare" communist witch hunts, and for his so-called "lavender scare" tactics aimed at homosexuals in 1954.^[3]

Bridges was also a key collaborator, with fellow Republican Senators McCarthy and Herman Welker of Idaho in the harassment of Democratic Wyoming Senator Lester C. Hunt, harassment that led to Senator Hunt's suicide in his Capitol office on June 19, 1954.^[4] Bridges threatened that if he did not immediately retire from the Senate and agree not to seek reelection, Bridges would see that Hunt's son, Lester Hunt, Jr., who had been arrested for soliciting an undercover policeman, was prosecuted and that his son's homosexuality would be widely publicized. Bridges also threatened Inspector Roy Blick of the Morals Division of the Washington Police Department with the loss of his job for failing to prosecute Hunt Jr.^[5][6] Alex Ross in The New Yorker wrote in 2012 of an event "loosely dramatized in the novel and film Advise & Consent [in which] Senator Lester Hunt, of Wyoming, killed himself after ... Bridges ... threatened to expose Hunt's son as a homosexual".^[7]

Death and burial

Bridges died of a heart attack on November 26, 1961, in East Concord and, after a service attended by a thousand people at the State House in Concord, was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery.^[8][9]

He was one of the poorest men ever elected governor and still of modest means when elected to the Senate, yet his widow Doloris told then Vice-President Lyndon Johnson that her husband had left her "a million dollars in cash".^[10] Bridges willed his East Concord home to the state to serve as a residence for New Hampshire's governors. The New Hampshire Governor's Mansion is known as "Bridges House".^[11]

The "Styles Bridges Room" in the U.S. Capitol was named in his memory on March 12, 1981.^[12] Interstate 93 in New Hampshire, from Concord north to the Vermont state line, is named the Styles Bridges Highway. In December 2012, the Boston Globe called for the state to examine Bridges' role in Senator Lester Hunt's death and reconsider whether the state should continue to honor Bridges, or rename the highway.^[13]

References

Additional sources

• McDaniel, Rodger. Dying for Joe McCarthy's Sins: The Suicide of Wyoming Senator Lester Hunt (WordsWorth, 2013), ISBN 978-0983027591

External links

• Biographic Sketch at U.S. Congress website
• Styles at New Hampshire's Division of Historic Resources
• A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Sen. Styles Bridges (September 12, 1952)" is available at the Internet Archive
• A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Sen. Styles Bridges (April 14, 1952)" is available at the Internet Archive
• "N.H. should reassess legacy of Senator Styles Bridges," Boston Globe, December 29, 2012

United States Senators from New Hampshire
Class 2	Wingate Livermore Olcott Gilman Thompson Morril S. Bell Hubbard Woodbury Jenness Cilley Hale Atherton Williams Hale Cragin Rollins Pike Cheney Chandler Marston Chandler Burnham Hollis Keyes Bridges Murphy McIntyre Humphrey Smith Sununu Shaheen
Class 3	Langdon Sheafe Plumer Parker Cutts Mason Storer Parrott Woodbury Hill Page Pierce Wilcox Atherton Norris Wells J. Bell Clark Fogg Patterson Wadleigh C. Bell Blair Gallinger Drew Moses Brown Tobey Upton Cotton Wyman Cotton Durkin Rudman Gregg Ayotte Hassan (Elect)

Chairmen of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations
Morrill Fessenden Morrill Cole Morrill Windom Davis Allison Cockrell Allison E. Hale Warren Martin Warren Jones F. Hale Glass McKellar Bridges McKellar Bridges Hayden Russell Ellender McClellan Magnuson Hatfield Stennis Byrd Hatfield Stevens Byrd Stevens Byrd Stevens Cochran Byrd Inouye Mikulski Cochran

Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
Langdon Lee Langdon Izard H Tazewell Livermore Bingham Bradford Read Sedgwick Laurance Ross Livermore Tracy Howard Hillhouse Baldwin Bradley Brown Franklin Anderson Smith Bradley Milledge Gregg Gaillard Pope Crawford Varnum Gaillard Barbour Gaillard Macon Smith L Tazewell White Poindexter Tyler W R King Southard Mangum Sevier Atchison W R King Atchison Cass Bright Stuart Bright Mason Rusk Fitzpatrick Bright Fitzpatrick Foot Clark Foster Wade Anthony Carpenter Anthony Ferry Thurman Bayard Davis Edmunds Sherman Ingalls Manderson Harris Ransom Harris Frye Office rotated 1911–1913 Bacon Curtis Gallinger Brandegee Lodge Clarke Saulsbury Cummins Moses Pittman W H King Harrison Glass McKellar Vandenberg McKellar Bridges George Hayden Russell Ellender Eastland Magnuson Young Magnuson Thurmond Stennis Byrd Thurmond Byrd Thurmond Byrd Stevens Byrd Inouye Leahy Hatch

United States Senate Minority Leaders
Underwood Robinson McNary Austin McNary White Barkley Wherry Bridges Johnson Knowland Dirksen Scott Baker Byrd Dole Daschle Lott Daschle Lott Daschle Reid McConnell Reid

Republican Party Leaders in the United States Senate
Lodge Curtis Watson McNary Austin McNary White Wherry Bridges Taft Knowland Dirksen Scott Baker Dole Lott Frist McConnell

Governors of New Hampshire
Weare Langdon Sullivan Langdon Sullivan J. Bartlett Gilman Langdon J. Smith Langdon Plumer Gilman Plumer S. Bell Woodbury Morril Pierce J. Bell Pierce Harvey Dinsmoor Badger Hill Page Hubbard Steele Colby Williams Dinsmoor Jr. Martin Baker Metcalf Haile Goodwin Berry Gilmore Smyth Harriman Stearns Weston Straw Weston Cheney Prescott Head C. Bell Hale Currier Sawyer Goodell Tuttle J. B. Smith Busiel Ramsdell Rollins Jordan Bachelder McLane Floyd Quinby Bass Felker R. Spaulding Keyes J. H. Bartlett A. Brown F. Brown Winant H. Spaulding Tobey Winant Bridges Murphy Blood Dale Adams H. Gregg Dwinell Powell King Peterson Thomson Gallen Roy (Acting) J. Sununu J. Gregg Merrill Shaheen Benson Lynch Hassan C. Sununu (Elect)