Hammerskins

Hammerskin Nation logo

The Hammerskins (also known as Hammerskin Nation) are a white supremacist group formed in 1988 in Dallas, Texas.[1] Their primary focus is the production and promotion of white power rock music,[2][3] and many white power bands have been affiliated with the group. The Hammerskins were affiliated with the record label 9% Productions. The Hammerskins host several annual concerts, including Hammerfest, an annual event in both the United States and Europe in honor of deceased Hammerskin Joe Rowan, the lead singer of the band Nordic Thunder.[1]

It was one of the most prominent American white power skinhead groups, along with Volksfront.[4] The Anti-Defamation League describes them as the United States' best-organized neo-Nazi skinhead group,[1] with the Hammerskin Nation website boasting six chapters in the United States and chapters existing in Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand and Australia.[5][6] The Hammerskins also have supporter chapters, known as Crew 38, in most of these countries, for those who do not seek membership but wish to show their appreciation.

History

The Hammerskins emerged in the late 1980s from the Dallas based Confederate Hammerskins.[7] Its name is based on a scene in the 1982 film Pink Floyd – The Wall.[8] Power struggles have since split the group into several factions.[9] Many Outlaw Hammerskins members attended the 2002 NordicFest, and the group was planning to provide security for a white pride festival hosted by the National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.[1] The Outlaw Hammerskins are now defunct.[10]

Many of its members have been convicted of harassment, assault[11] and even murder.[1] On August 5, 2012, Wade Michael Page, a former member of the Hammerskins, was shot by police and died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head after he killed six people in a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin.[12] Page became a "fully patched" member of the Hammerskins in autumn 2011, according to the Anti-Defamation League. He played in at least three Hammerskin-affiliated bands; End Apathy, Definite Hate and 13 Knots.[12][13] According to media sources and civil rights organizations, End Apathy, Wade's main band, had played several recent Hammerskin events in the United States prior to the shooting-spree.[12]

Symbolism and motto

The Hammerskins logo, depicting two claw hammers crossed to resemble goose-stepping legs, is based on a fictitious neo-nazi organization depicted in the 1982 film Pink Floyd – The Wall. The portrayal of the fictional group in the film was intended to show Nazism negatively.[1] Their logo and motto Hammerskins forever, forever hammerskins (H.F.F.H.) often appear in their paraphernalia and tattoos. Crew 38 and Hammerskins members also frequently identify themselves with the slogan "838", meaning "hail the crossed hammers" (the acronym H.C.H. translates into the eighth, third and eighth letters of the alphabet).[14]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Hammerskin Nation". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  2. ↑ Helbig, Felix (4 November 2012). "Europas Neonazis feiern sich selbst" (in German). Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  3. ↑ Schmidt, W.; Speit, A. (11 January 2013). "Hetzjagd auf der Bühne" (in German). Die Tageszeitung. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  4. ↑ Simi, Pete; Futrell, Robert (2010). American Swastika: Inside the White Power Movement's Hidden Spaces of Hate. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 1442202106.
  5. ↑ "Chapters". Hammerskin Nation. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  6. ↑ Yenko, Athena (8 October 2014). "Anti-Muslim, Anti-Asian, Islamophobic extremists, Anti-Jewish -- Australia Has All The Hate Gangs". International Business Times. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  7. ↑ Reynolds, Michael (1999). "Hammerskin Nation Emerges from Small Dallas Group". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  8. ↑ Atkins, Stephen E. (2011). Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 117–118. ISBN 1598843508.
  9. ↑ Kontos, Louis; Brotherton, David C. (2008). Encyclopedia of gangs. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 217–218. ISBN 0313334021.
  10. ↑ Holthouse, David (2006). "Motley Crews: With Decline of Hammerskins, Independent Skinhead Groups Grow". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  11. ↑ "Portugese leider rechtsradicale Hammerskins krijgt celstraf" (in Dutch). De Morgen. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  12. 1 2 3 Leitsinger, Miranda (6 August 2012). "Experts: Alleged temple gunman Wade Michael Page led neo-Nazi band, had deep extremist ties". NBC News. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  13. ↑ Beirich, Heidi; Potok, Mark (6 August 2012). "Alleged Sikh temple shooter former member of Skinhead band". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  14. ↑ "The Hammerskin Forum at Crew38.com". Crew 38. Retrieved 17 October 2014.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 8/16/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.