Guillotine (magic trick)

This article is about the magic trick. For other uses, see Guillotine (disambiguation).

The Guillotine is a magic trick where it appears that a blade of a guillotine passes through a person's neck without harming them. Variations on the theme have been performed for hundreds of years, with documented examples appearing in print in the 16th century. The most common modern variation is the finger gullotine or finger chopper, a pocked-sized version that appears to chop off the magician's finger.

History

The Guillotine is probably the most famous member of a family of illusions featuring the apparent decapitation of a person or other living subject. Decapitation illusions have a long history, with the first documented example dating from the reign of Khufu in ancient Egypt, when a magician named Dedi apparently decapitated and restored birds and other livestock.[1][2]

Scot's 1584 diagram explaining the "Decollation of John Baptist" illusion, in which the performer appears "to cut off ones head, and to laie it in a platter".[3]

A method for performing a decapitation illusion, where a person's head is apparently severed and displayed on a plate next to their headless body, was described in The Discoverie of Witchcraft by Reginald Scot, published in 1584. Scot describes a table with two concealed holes, where the supposed victim sits beneath the table, raising their head through a hole which is surrounded by a platter. A second person lies flat on the table with their head descending into another hole, and their neck may be dressed with "a little dough kneded with bul/locks bloud" for effect.[3] A decapitation illusion involving the apparent beheading of two boys and a dove was also recorded as being performed by Jacob Philadelphia in 1765.[4]

Several modern guillotine and chopper illusions were designed by Cincinnati magician Lester Lake (aka Marvelo),[5] who sold/traded some of these designs to Abbott's Magic Co. in Colon, Michigan. Lake's designs included, but were not limited to, the Extended-Blade Chopper (seen in the 1953 film, "Houdini"), Abbott's "Giant Guillotine" and "Disecto" (wrist-cutter illusion). Lake also designed a guillotine illusion in which the assistant's actual head appeared to drop into a waiting bag when the blade fell.

The traditional Guillotine illusion

In its most familiar form, the illusion uses an apparatus which generally resembles the type of guillotine historically used for executions. This has two uprights, with a stock at their lower end to restrain the neck of the "victim". The inner faces of the uprights contain tracks within which runs a blade, and the upper end of the uprights supports a mechanism for raising, holding and then releasing the blade. In some versions of the illusion, the apparatus also has a bench attached to the uprights at the same level as the neck stocks, on which the "victim" lies down - usually in a face-down position. On other versions, the "victim" simply kneels behind the apparatus and places their neck in the stocks.

This version of the illusion has sometimes been presented as an escape, with the magician themselves being locked into the guillotine, and having to attempt to free themselves before the blade falls. As this is usually performed, the magician apparently fails to free themselves in time and their head is apparently severed by the falling blade, only for the magician to dramatically reappear unharmed elsewhere in the theater. One such example was performed by Murray (Murray Walters) in 1927. Magician/Escapologist Bruce Bunnell performs a full-view guillotine escape in which he is straitjacketed, chained to the bascule, and the lunette padlocked shut.[6]

The "Head Chopper"

With the move away from theater-based grand illusion shows to smaller club venues in the 1960s, magicians needed a smaller and more portable version of the guillotine illusion, which led to the invention of the so-called "Head Chopper" versions. In these, the apparatus is reduced in size by the elimination of the tall uprights, leaving just the stocks, and a smaller blade which is thrust through the stocks manually by the magician.

A recent development of the illusion has seen the previously opaque stocks replaced by clear perspex, which allow the blade to be seen as it passes through them. In this version, a large blade is used, which completely fills the stocks when inserted, in place of the narrow blade used in earlier versions.

The device described above is patented under the US patent number 5605508.[7]

Finger guillotines

Sold more as a novelty item than a magic trick, finger guillotines are a minor variation on the basic theme. The setup is usually a small version of the full-sized devices, 4 to 6 inches (10–15 cm) tall, complete with side uprights. The trick is performed by inserting a finger through the "head hole" and then the blade is activated. In some versions, such as Chance Wolf's ultimate finger chopper, the finger is even seen to fall off. It is also shown in the movie Hostel as part as a torture museum that Paxton and his friends go to on their fateful holiday to Slovakia.

Method

Guillotine tricks generally fall into two general classes. In one the victim's head is apparently severed into a basket or box, while in the second the victim emerges untouched, often with some other object being severed at the same time.

In both cases the basis of the trick is that the blade is mechanically stopped just short of the magician's neck. The stocks are arranged so the blade becomes hidden within the woodwork after it stops, with large-blade versions using both the stocks and the mechanism holding the blade combined to produce a large enough area.

In the "severed head" case, a basket or box is placed in front of the apparatus, ostensibly to hold the severed head. The box actually contains a prop made to look like the magician's head. The lower portion of the stocks is fake and open at the bottom, with the opening covered with a rubber material or trap-door apparatus and painted to look like wood. Above the hole, simply sitting on the magician's neck, is a piece of metal. When the blade hits the stops, the magician forces their head downward into the basket, with the metal above them filling in the hole to make it appear to be the blade. An assistant then reaches into the basket to retrieve the fake head while the magician remains hidden. Considerable stagecraft and timing is required to make the motion appear natural. An elaborate version of this trick can be seen in Episode Three of the second series of Breaking the Magician's Code television show.

In the "unharmed victim" case, the system typically contains two blades, one positioned above the victim and another hidden in the woodwork below it. When the upper blade is released it falls and hits the stops, which triggers the lower blade to be released and continue through the device. Mechanical linkages are often used in order to impart the upper blade's motion onto the lower to make the timing and motion appear more realistic. These versions almost always include additional holes, typically one below the victim, into which a prop is inserted and cut by the lower blade, improving the quality of the illusion that the blade has passed right through the victim's neck.[7]

A different sort of mechanism is used in the various chopper devices. including the finger guillotine. In these, the blade is hinged at one side so it can rotate up so that it lies within one of the vertical arms when it hits the object. The motion of the arms down through the device causes the second blade to move. The "extended blade chopper" adds extensions on either side that can be seen moving throughout the trick, adding to the illusion of solidity of the blade.

References

  1. ↑ Donald Mackenzie, Egyptian Myth and Legend, 1907
  2. ↑ Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol.1, p219, 1973
  3. 1 2 Scot, Reginald (1651). The Discoverie of Witchcraft. Richard Cotes. p. 349.
  4. ↑ Dawes, E.A., and Setterington, A., The Encyclopedia of Magic, Gallery Books, 1989.
  5. ↑ "Cutting up Jackpots: A magic prop to lose one's headover". The Linking Ring. 87 (11). November 2007.
  6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=wna0V7jn6wc
  7. 1 2 Magicians' Guillotine apparatus

External links

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