57 (number)

57 (fifty-seven) is the natural number following 56 and preceding 58.

In mathematics

Fifty-seven is the sixteenth discrete semiprime and the sixth in the (3.q) family. With 58 it forms the fourth discrete bi-prime pair. 57 has an aliquot sum of 23 and is the first composite member of the 23-aliquot tree. Although 57 is not prime, it is jokingly known as the "Grothendieck prime" after a story in which mathematician Alexander Grothendieck supposedly gave it as an example of a particular prime number. This story is repeated in Part 2 of a biographical article on Grothendieck in Notices of the American Mathematical Society.^[1]

As a semiprime, 57 is a Blum integer since its two prime factors are both Gaussian primes.^[2]

57 is a 20-gonal number.^[3] It is a Leyland number since 2⁵ + 5² = 57.^[4]

57 is a repdigit in base 7 (111).

There are 57 vertices and 57 hemi-dodecahedral facets in the 57-cell, a 4-dimensional abstract regular polytope.^[5] The Lie algebra E_7 ¹⁄2 has a 57-dimensional Heisenberg algebra as its nilradical, and the smallest possible homogeneous space for E₈ is also 57-dimensional.^[6]

In science

• The atomic number of Lanthanum (La), the first of the Lanthanides

Astronomy

• Messier object M57, a magnitude 9.5 planetary nebula in the constellation Lyra, also known as the Ring Nebula
• The New General Catalogue object NGC 57, an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Pisces.^[7]
• The Saros cycle number of the solar eclipse series which began on -1161 June 17 and ended on 137 August. The duration of Saros series 57 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 solar eclipses.^[8]
• The Saros cycle number of the lunar eclipse series which began on -823 April 16 and ended on 475 June. The duration of Saros series 57 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 lunar eclipses.^[9]

In fiction and media

In films

• In the first storyboard draft for Pixar's film Cars, the main character, a race car named Lightning McQueen was going to have number 57 as his racing number, in reference to director John Lasseter's birthdate, January 12, 1957. But in the final cut, Lightning's racing number changed to 95.
• The climax of the movie Eraser occurs on Pier 57
• C-57D is the designation of the spaceship featured in the movie Forbidden Planet, and is referenced in the movie Serenity as well.
• Passenger 57, a film starring Wesley Snipes
• The movie Contagion (film) Vaccine #57 successfully protects the lab monkey from infection.

In games

• B'hrian Bloodaxe, the first Low King of the dwarfs, killed fifty-seven trolls in the legendary Battle of Koom Valley on Discworld (a fictional world created by author Terry Pratchett)

In literature

• Summer of Fifty Seven, 2005 novel by Stephen C. Joseph, M.D. published by independent publisher Sunstone Press
• Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would be King, short story, has his character Peachy state: "This business is our Fifty-Seven" after he and Daniel are discovered to be men, not gods. This alludes to the Indian Rebellion in 1857, or India's First War of Independence, against British Rule

In radio

• The Fabulous 57 were disk jockeys on WMCA 570 Radio, New York City during the 1960s

In television

• Agent 57 is the name of the master of disguise in the television series Danger Mouse
• Exit 57, a sketch comedy show that aired on Comedy Central from 1995-96 featured Stephen Colbert, Paul Dinello, Jodi Lennon, Mitch Rouse and Amy Sedaris
• The 57th Overlanders is a fictional brigade mentioned in the television series Firefly.
• West 57 was a weekly news-magazine show on CBS, 1985–89, hosted by Meredith Vieira
• The Cartoon Network program Metalocalypse has a fictional television station WHYK-57
• The Robot Chicken sketch "Pluto Nash Day" notes that 57 people at 20th Century Fox Studios died amid rioting and suicide
• A Robot Chicken parody of the NBC TV series Heroes uses the episode title "Chapter Fifty-seven: Uncle Glen"
• Studio 57 was a dramatic anthology series in 1954, starring Brian Keith and Carolyn Jones

In food

• Heinz 57, a brand of sauce, and the number of varieties of foods claimed to be produced by the H.J. Heinz Company
• "Prop(osition) 57", one of a number of anti-ketchup packet groups on Facebook designed to bring attention to the shortcomings of take-out condiment packaging; its name is a reference to Heinz Co., which debuted a new design in test markets in early 2010^[10]
• A fast food dinner in Pereira, Colombia

In music

• Incident on 57th Street, a song by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, from their 1973 album, "The Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle"
• 57 Channels (and Nothin' On), a song by Bruce Springsteen, from his 1992 album Human Touch
• "57", the name of a song by Biffy Clyro on their 2002 debut album, Blackened Sky
• Andy Warstar's record label - Studio 57
• Shure SM57, considered the workhorse of recording microphones
• Slick 57, Alternative country band Slick 57
• Studio 57 Productions, record label of Andy Warstar and the Warstars, which produced Alien Porkchops in Brisbane

In organizations

• A Boy Scout Troop from the Des Plaines Valley Council
• The number of the French department Moselle

In places

• Carnegie Hall is on West 57th Street in New York City
• Municipal Okrug 57, name of Pravoberezhny Municipal Okrug in Nevsky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia, until 2011

In transportation and vessels

• The designation of Interstate 57 (I-57), a freeway that runs from Miner, Missouri to Chicago
• The model name of a Maybach car
• USS Lake Champlain (CG 57), a Ticonderoga class cruiser in the United States Navy and the third ship to be named Lake Champlain

In other fields

• The code for international direct dial phone calls to Colombia is 57.

References

1. ↑ Jackson, Allyn (November 2004). "Comme Appelé du Néant—As if Summoned from the Void: The Life of Alexandre Grothendieck" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 51 (10). 
2. ↑ "Sloane's A016105 : Blum integers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30. 
3. ↑ "Sloane's A051872 : 20-gonal numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30. 
4. ↑ "Sloane's A076980 : Leyland numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-30. 
5. ↑ Coxeter, H. S. M. (1982), "Ten toroids and fifty-seven hemidodecahedra", Geometriae Dedicata, 13 (1): 87–99, doi:10.1007/BF00149428, MR 679218 .
6. ↑ Vogan, David (2007), "The character table for E₈" (PDF), Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 54 (9): 1122–1134, MR 2349532 .
7. ↑ The NGC / IC Project - Home of the Historically Corrected New General Catalogue (HCNGC) since 1993
8. ↑ NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros 57
9. ↑ NASA - Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 175 Archived 2007-06-23 at WebCite
10. ↑ "After 40 years, Heinz revamps ketchup packets", AP, February 4, 2010