Kivi, Iran

This article is about the city in Iran. For the village in Khalkhal County, see Kivi, Khalkhal. For the company called Givi, see Giuseppe Visenzi. For the pro-Russian separatist, see Givi (separatist).
Kivi
گيوئ or گیوی
city
Kivi
Coordinates: 37°41′49″N 48°20′01″E / 37.69694°N 48.33361°E / 37.69694; 48.33361Coordinates: 37°41′49″N 48°20′01″E / 37.69694°N 48.33361°E / 37.69694; 48.33361
Country  Iran
Province Ardabil
County Kowsar
Bakhsh Central
Population (2006)
 • Total 6,467
Time zone IRST (UTC+3:30)
 • Summer (DST) IRDT (UTC+4:30)
Kivi, Iran at GEOnet Names Server and Kivi, Iran at GEOnet Names Server

Kivi (Persian: گيوئ or گیوی‎‎, also Romanized as Kīvī; also known as Givi)[1] is a city in and the capital of Kowsar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,467, in 1,721 families.[2] Earlier, Kivi was divided into upper and lower Kivi: düz kıvı[3] (کیوی بالا) and aşaği kıvı[4] (كيوی پائين).

Kivi is situated in the center of a newly established county (one of the five regions of Khalkhal historically and separated from Khalkhal County in a previous decade), with an area of 1,243.8 square kilometres (480.2 sq mi). It borders Ardabil City to the north, Khlakhal (Hiroabad) Town to the south, Talesh (Hashpar) Town (Gilan Province) to the east, and Miyaneh (Miyana) to the west.

Kivi town constitutes 7 percent of the area of the Ardabil province. Bajilar Daghlari (which means The Sisters Mountains in Azeri Turkic) extend between Kivi and Miyaneh. Kivi is in a mountainous region, with temperate mountainous climate on the western side of the Baghru (Talesh) Mountains. The average annual precipitation of the region exceeds 350 millimetres (14 in). Arpa-Chay, Givi-Chay, Sangava (Sangour) Chay are the important rivers of the town which join to Qiziluzan river in the borders of Miyaneh.

History

The history of the Kivi and Khalkhal dates back to pre-Islam. The town was named Dord-Evlar (Dörd Evlər: which means the four houses in Azeri Turkic) because only four families were living there. When Islam entered there during Umar age, they converted to Islam.

It is said that during Yazid Ibn Moavieh's (Umavi Dynasty) reign, the king of the region was requested to send army forces to fight with Husayn ibn Ali; some of the inhabitants started a departure, but in the southwest part of the current town a man named Vouroush Qojasi (Pir-e Jangi, The Oldman of Battle) prevented them, while people killed him. Since then, this place has been known as Qoja-Vouroushchu or Pir-e Jangi. In the passion plays of the mourning month of Muharram (lunar calendar), people say the following: Oh, Hossein, some troops have departed from Khakhal, Ardabil and Zanjan, etc. It is likely that this story is a legend.

The oldest educational center of the town, Hafez School, was established in 1940, and its municipality was established on April 7, 1957.

Scenery

Northward View of Kivi taken from southern hills. Upper Kivi is not viewable in this photo.

Kivi town has much natural scenery, green mountains, and beautiful parks; for tourists attractive points of the town include Isti Sou (Warm Water) spa, the peaceful and soft mountainous climate of the region and medical effects of spas, which attract many tourists during summer every year, especially from Tehran. Natural scenery of the town includes: Roustam dashi (Rostam’s Stone), Dash Hamam, Zinjirovpir, Bouzlouq (glacier), Havashanaq Village, Sarmistan or Salmistan, Mashgoul, Mashgul Manbari, Firouzabad bridge, and earth dams such as Qara-Qishlaq.

Havashanaq glacier

Havashanaq glacier is located some 5.6 km from the town, opposite a spa and close to Havashanaq village. The glacier lies in a bulk of rocks and large stones as a cave and is known as Bouzlouq (Buzluq). The cave is located six meters deep in the ground. During warm months, the walls of the cave start freezing, and one should be careful when entering the cave, while in winter no bit of ice can be found there. Another well-known Bouzlouq (glacier) is located in the cross point of Firouz-Abad river and Qiziluzan River and is known as Atash Cottage. Atash Amou lived in Mashkoul and he always put his dairy products such as butter in it to take advantage of inner coldness of the glacier. There is another glacier in Zarajuva (Zaraj Abad) Village, which is known as Yashli Bouzli (old glacier).

Spas

The spas of the town have several local and overall biologic effects on the body. Cutaneous effects include improving skin tissues and its general effects include recovering body metabolism. Spas are a type of natural resource.

The most important spa in the town is Isti Sou (Warm water) or Kivi-Souyu, which is located five kilometers from Kivi-Khalkhal (Hiroabad) Road. Of the other known spas in the town is Dash-Hamam (Stone Bath) Spa, which is located in the northeast of the town, among gardens.

Men swim in Dash-Hamam on Fridays and Mondays, and the women can use it during the rest of weekdays. However, before the incumbency of Mokhtar Jamili (former mayor of the town), men were allowed to use the spa only on Fridays. Dash-Hamam has two cold and warm spas.

Isti Sou Spa or Kivi Souyu

The spa is located five kilometers from Kivi town, on the way of Ardabil-Khalkhal road, on a mountain. Water temperature measures 45 °C (113 °F). Local people believe that cutaneous and particular disease such as rheumatism and articular pain can be treated by swimming in the spa. Thus, loading and unloading of the spa may last for some hours. The temperature is so high that one cannot enter in it gradually therefore it is better to enter in the spa suddenly.

Dash Hamam (Stone Bath)

This bath is located east of Kivi town, among gardens, beside Kivi Chay River, close to Dalikli Dash (The Pored Stone) and inside in a carved rock. Men can use the bath on Friday and nights, and women during the rest of the week. After incumbency of municipality by the mayor, Mokhtar Jamili, the program changed, and men can use the bath in Fridays and Mondays and women during the rest of week. The water of the bath is supplied from two hot and cold-water spa is useful for removing kidney stone. Some of the inhabitants take the water to their homes and brew tea from the water of spa. Unlike other spas, after which one may feel thirsty, after this bath people are more likely to feel hungry.

Zinjirovpir (Sinjrovpir)

Zinjirovpir is one example of the beautiful natural scenery of Kivi town, which is located in the southeast, and east of the city on the mountain. The appellation refers to the legend of a devout girl who was tortured by the gangs and requested God to help her disappear so she would be safe. Due to her moral tradition, God admitted her request and she vanished. Because the girl was not engaged, she died unmarried. Since then, on April 2, in spring, and early autumn, women provide some votive foods and celebrate the wedding of the girl while appreciating her.

Ganjah Goli

Ganjah Goli (Gəncah Gölü, which means The Ganjah Swamp in Azeri Turkic) is located 16 kilometers far from Kivi town, northwest of Ganjah village, which is one of the attractive areas for tourists.

Firzabat (Firouzabad) Bridge

The bridge is in the Firouz district at the entrance of Firzabat village (center of district). It was built in 1933 during the incumbency of Rezakhan of the Pahlavi dynasty, by German architects.

Roustam Dashi (Roustam’s Stone)

The stone is located at northeast of Kivi town, up Kivi-Khalkhal road, on the Aznov (Aznav) mountain. People tell a story that it was grit in Roustam's shoe or Roustam carried it by himself.

Sarmistan Scenery (Salmistan)

Sarmistan is believed to be an example of the natural and tourist-attractive scenery of Kivi town, and many colorful and fragrant flowers are found there. The water of the region is very cold and is located northeast of the town, up spa, close to Goy Yal (Cottage of Rahim Soyoudi).

Dalikli Dash (The Pored Stone)

The stone is located northeast of the town, under Kivi-Khalkhal road, among gardens. In this place, unmarried girls and infertile women gather together and pray to get their wishes and pass through the hole on the last Wednesday of Iranian Calendar, and if their wishes are fulfilled, they will celebrate their accomplishment in the same location and time and offer people cookies.

Kivi Parks

There are some beautiful parks in Kivi town constructed by the municipality. Badam Chichaklari Parki or Shokoufehaye Badam Parki (Almond Blooms Park), Fadak Parki, QizilGul Parki (Rose park), and Oyratmanlar or Farhangian Parki (Teachers park). The most important are Almond Blooms and Fadak Park.

- Badam Chichaklari Parki or Shokoufehaye Badam Parki (Almond Blooms Park): The southern part of Old Khanliq Baghi (Khanate Garden) was purchased during incumbency of the former mayor, Mokhtar Jamili on Yukhari Kivi (Upper Kivi) region and turned to a park, which measures six ha and is located the Khalkhal-Kivi-Ardabil Road. Travelers can rest in it, and it has some spas.

- Fadak Park: The park was purchased during incumbency of the former mayor, Eqbal Abbasi in Ashaghi Kivi (Lower Kivi) region, It is 30,000 square meters in the south of the town, among gardens, beside the riverbank of Kivi Chayi. The park was purchased from late Ibrahim Rizayi, and then construction was started. There are some entertaining apparatuses in the park, and a cultural art center building has been constructed in the park. The park is the most beautiful one in the town.

Mashkoul Manbari (Mashkoul Pulpit)

The pulpit is made of wood, and Ayatulkorsi (a verse of the Koran) has been engraved with Kufi handwriting on its body. The building date is not clear, some refers to Usman and some to Seljuk dynasty. There are a castle and a cave in north of Qizil Uzan river and a deserted graveyard which is called Sunnular Qabristani (Sunnite Graveyard) in the village.

Climate

Kivi town enjoys a moderate, mountainous climate, which is cold in winter and has short and warm summers. The warmest months are June, July and August with average temperatures of 26 °C (79 °F), and the lowest temperatures in winter reach −16.5 °C (2.3 °F). The average low temperature during January and February is about −6.5 °C (20.3 °F) and its highest in the summer about 39 °C (102 °F). On May 29, 2003 the city had an unusually heavy hail storm.

Kivi town has much tourist-attractive scenery, besides all the green and fruitful gardens of the city has doubled the attractiveness of town, which hosts many visitors from throughout the world. The current mayor of the city is Ali-Akbar Chiraq-Alizada.

References

  1. ↑ Kivi, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3071702" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  2. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". Islamic Republic of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2011-11-11.
  3. ↑ düz kıvı at GEOnet Names Server
  4. ↑ at GEOnet Names Server
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