Transocean

Transocean Ltd.
Publicly traded limited company
Traded as
Industry Oilfield services, offshore drilling & equipment
Predecessor Sonat Offshore
Founded 1973
Headquarters Vernier, Switzerland
Key people
 Jeremy D. Thigpen, President & CEO
Merrill A. Miller, Jr., Chairman
Mark L. Mey, CFO
John B. Stobart, COO [1]
Products Lease and operation of semi-submersible and jack-up drilling rigs and drillships
Revenue Decrease US$7.386 billion [1]
Increase US$1.380 billion (2015)[1]
Profit Increase US$0.791 billion (2015)[1]
Total assets Decrease US$26.329 billion (2015)[1]
Total equity Increase US$14.808 billion (2015)[1]
Number of employees
 9,100 (2015)[1]
Website www.deepwater.com
Greenway Plaza, the location of Transocean's Houston offices

Transocean Ltd. is one of the world's largest offshore drilling contractors and is based in Vernier, Switzerland. The company has offices in 20 countries, including Switzerland, Canada, United States, Norway, Scotland, Brazil, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia. [2]

In 2010, Transocean was implicated in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulting from the explosion of one of its oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico.

On 23 November 2015 Transocean announced that it intent to delist its shares from the SIX Swiss Exchange due to financial reasons. The delisting will be effective on March 30, 2016. After the delisting the shares will be removed from the Swiss blue-chip index Swiss Market Index.[3]

Current operations

The company owns 61 rigs including 28 ultra-deepwater floaters, 5 deepwater floaters, 7 Harsh-Environment Floaters, 11 Midwater Floaters, and 10 High-Specification jackup rigs. [4] The company provides quarterly updates on the status of its fleet on its website.[5]

In 2015, Chevron accounted for 14% of the company's revenues and Royal Dutch Shell accounted for 10% of the company's revenues.[1]

History

Transocean was formed as a result of the merger of Southern Natural Gas Company, later Sonat, with many smaller drilling companies.

In 1953, the Birmingham, Alabama-based Southern Natural Gas Company created The Offshore Company after acquiring the joint drilling operation DeLong-McDermott from DeLong Engineering and J. Ray McDermott. In 1954, the company launched Rig 51, the first mobile jackup rig, in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1967, the Offshore Company went public. In 1978, SNG turned it into a wholly owned subsidiary. In 1982, it was changed to Sonat Offshore Drilling Inc., reflecting a change in its parent's name. In 1993, Sonat spun it off.[6]

In 1996, the company acquired Norwegian group Transocean ASA for US$1.5 billion. Transocean started in the 1970s as a whaling company and expanded through a series of mergers. The new company was called Transocean Offshore. The new company began building massive drilling operations with drills capable of going to 10,000 feet (as opposed to 3,000 feet at the time) and operating two drill operations on the same ship. Its first ship, Discoverer Enterprise, cost nearly US$430 million and was 834 ft (254 m).[7] The Enterprise class drillship is the largest of the drilling ships.[8]

In 1999, Transocean merged with Sedco Forex, the offshore drilling subsidiary of Schlumberger in a $3.2 billion stock transaction in which Schlumberger shareholders received shares of Transocean.[9]

Sedco Forex had been formed from a merger of two drilling companies, the Southeastern Drilling Company (Sedco), founded in 1947 by Bill Clements and acquired by Schlumberger in 1985 for $1 billion [10] and French drilling company Forages et Exploitations Pétrolières (Forex) founded in 1942 in German occupied France for drilling in North Africa.[6] Schlumberger first got a foothold in the company in 1959 and then assumed total control in 1964, and renamed it Forex Neptune Drilling Company. [11]

In 2000, Transocean acquired R&B Falcon Corporation, owner of 115 drilling rigs, in a deal valued at $17.7 billion. With the acquisition, Transocean gained control of what at the time was the world's largest offshore operation. Among R&B Falcon's assets was the Deepwater Horizon. [12] R&B Falcon had acquired Cliffs Drilling Company in 1988. [13]

In 2005, the company's Discoverer Spirit rig set a world record for the deepest offshore oil and gas well of 34,189 ft (10,421 m).[14]

In 2007, the US Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange Commission filed a case against Transocean, alleging violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The case alleged that Transocean paid bribes through its freight forwarding agents to Nigerian customs officials. Transocean later admitted to approving the bribes and agreed to pay USD $13,440,000 to settle the matter.[15]

In 2007, the company merged with GlobalSantaFe Corporation in a transaction that created a company with an enterprise value of $53 billion. Shareholders of GlobalSantaFe Corporation received $15 billion of cash as well as stock in the new company for their shares. Robert E. Rose, who was non-executive chairman of GlobalSantaFe, was made Transocean's chairman. Rose had been chairman of Global Marine prior to its 2001 merger with Santa Fe International Corporation. [16]

In 2008, the company moved its headquarters to Switzerland, resulting in a significantly lower tax rate.[17]

In September 2009, its Deepwater Horizon rig established a 35,050 ft (10,680 m) well, the deepest well in history – more than 5,000 feet deeper than its stated design specification.[14]

In 2010, Transocean was implicated in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulting from the explosion of one of its oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico that was leased to BP.[18]

In 2011, the company acquired Aker Drilling, which owned 4 harsh environment rigs used for drilling near Norway.[19]

In 2012, the company sold 38 shallow water rigs and narrowed its focus on high-specification deepwater rigs.[20]

In 2013, the company was added to the S&P 500 index.[21]

In February 2015, CEO Steven Newman quit following a $2.2 billion quarterly loss.[22]

Controversies

Accidents and incidents

Transocean was rated as a leader in its industry for many years. However, since the company's merger with GlobalSantaFe in 2007, Transocean's reputation has suffered considerably, according to EnergyPoint Research, an independent oil service industry rating firm. From 2004 to 2007, Transocean was the leader or near the top among deep-water drillers in "job quality" and "overall satisfaction." In 2008 and 2009, surveys ranked Transocean as last among deep-water drillers for "job quality" and as next to last in "overall satisfaction." In 2008 and 2009, Transocean ranked first for in-house safety and environmental policies, and in the middle of the pack for perceived environmental and safety record.[23] The Deepwater Horizon explosion and massive oil spill, starting in April 2010, further hurt its reputation. "Transocean is dominant, but the accident has definitely tarnished its reputation for worker safety and for being able to manage and deliver on extraordinarily complex deepwater projects," said Christopher Ruppel, an energy expert and managing director of capital markets at Execution Noble, an investment bank.[24]

Transocean Leader accident (2002)

On March 2, 2002, a Scottish man was killed in an accident aboard the Transocean Leader drilling rig operated for BP, located about 138 kilometers (86 miles) west of Shetland, Scotland.[25]

Galveston Bay explosion (2003)

On June 17, 2003, one worker was killed, four others were hospitalised and 21 were evacuated after an explosion on a Transocean gas drilling rig in Galveston Bay, Texas.[26]

Maintenance citation on Transocean Rather (2005)

On August 24, 2005, the UK Health and Safety Executive issued a notice to Transocean saying that, it had failed to maintain its "remote blowout preventor control panel … in an efficient state, efficient working order and in good repair."[27] On November 21, 2005, Transocean was found to be in compliance for this matter.[27]

Sinking of Bourbon Dolphin supply boat /Transocean Rather accident (2007)

On April 12, 2007, the Bourbon Dolphin supply boat sank off the coast of Scotland while servicing the Transocean Rather drilling rig, killing eight people. The Norwegian Ministry of Justice established a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the incident, and the commission’s report found a series of "unfortunate circumstances" led to the accident "with many of them linked to Bourbon Offshore and Transocean."[28][29]

2008 fatalities

In 2008, two Transocean workers were reportedly killed on the company's vessels.[30]

Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion (2010)

On April 20, 2010, a fire was reported on a Transocean-owned semisubmersible drilling rig, Deepwater Horizon. Deepwater Horizon was a Reading & Bates Falcon RBS8D design, a firm that was acquired by Transocean in 2001. The fire broke out at 10:00 p.m. CDT UTC−5 in US waters of Mississippi Canyon 252 in the Gulf of Mexico. The rig was 41 mi (66 km) off the Louisiana coast. The US Coast Guard launched a rescue operation after the explosion which killed 11 workers and critically injured seven of the 126 member crew.[31][32]

Deepwater Horizon was completely destroyed and subsequently sank.

As the Deepwater Horizon sank, the riser pipe that connected the well-head to the rig was severed. As a result, oil began to spill into the Gulf of Mexico. Estimates of the leak were about 80,000 barrels per day - for 87 days.

Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency on 29 April, as the oil slick grew and headed toward the most important and most sensitive wetlands in North America, threatening to destroy wildlife and the livelihood of thousands of fishermen. The head of BP Group told CNN's Brian Todd on 28 April that the accident could have been prevented and focused blame on Transocean, which owned and partly manned the rig.[33]

Transocean came under fire from lawyers, representing the fishing and tourism businesses that were hit by the oil spill and the United States Department of Justice for seeking to use an Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 to restrict its liability for economic damages to $26.7 million.[34]

During Congressional testimony, Transocean and BP blamed each other for the disaster. It emerged that a "heated argument" broke out on the platform 11 hours before the accident, in which Transocean and BP personnel disagreed on an engineering decision related to the closing of the well.[35] On May 14, 2010, US President Barack Obama commented, "I did not appreciate what I considered to be a ridiculous spectacle… executives of BP and Transocean and Halliburton [the firm responsible for cementing the well] falling over each other to point the finger of blame at somebody else. The American people could not have been impressed with that display, and I certainly wasn't."[36]

Transocean later claimed that 2010, the year in which the disaster occurred, was "the best year in safety performance in our company’s history." In a regulatory filing, Transocean said, "Notwithstanding the tragic loss of life in the Gulf of Mexico, we achieved an exemplary statistical safety record as measured by our total recordable incident rate and total potential severity rate." They used this justification to award employees about two-thirds of the maximum possible safety bonuses.[37][38] In response to broad criticism, including from Interior Secretary Ken Salazar, the company announced that its executives would donate the safety portion of the bonuses to a fund supporting the victims' families.[39]

Offshore drilling leak off the Brazilian coast (2011)

The offshore drilling facility "Sedco 706", operated by Transocean under contract from Chevron, began to leak in November 2011 while working on the "Frade" oil field.[40] Oil began leaking from the seabed at a depth of approximately 1100 to 1200m. Damage included an oil slick (oil floating on the ocean surface) covering an area of approximately 80 km2 and growing. This put the oil at a distance of about 370 km from Rio de Janeiro, but other beautiful beaches are much closer (estimated 140 km). The Brazilian government sued Transocean and attempted to force the company to cease operations in Brazil, but a settlement was reached without a finding of fault or liability.[41]

Transocean Winner grounding on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland (2016)

In the early hours of Monday 8 August 2016, the semi-submersible drilling rig Transocean Winner ran aground near Dalmore in the Carloway district of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland.[42] The rig had been under tow by the tug Alp Forward in winds of galeforce, when the tow line broke. The rig subsequently drifted ashore at Dalmore and became stuck fast on rocks at 07.30 BST. Continuing poor weather meant that a damage inspection by salvors has been practically impossible, as personnel require to be airlifted on to the rig, in spite of it being close to the shore.[43] The rig was carrying approximately 280 tons of diesel, to power its generators, of which 53 tons is thought to have leaked into the sea, and dispersed or evaporated in rough conditions.[44] Environmental monitoring of plant and animal life is on-going, particularly in view of the economically important fish farming operations in nearby Loch Roag.

Environmental record

In early April 2015, six activists with the environmental group Greenpeace boarded the ship Blue Marlin while at sea, which was carrying one of Transocean's rigs, the 120 meter (400 ft.) tall Polar Pioneer, and camped out in superstructure of the rig. The activists promised to continuing their protests as the rig undergoes final outfitting while it is anchored in the Port Angeles harbor in Washington State and then later in Puget Sound.[45]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Transocean 2015 Form 10-K Annual Report
  2. ↑ Transocean: Offices
  3. ↑ http://finance.yahoo.com/news/transocean-ltd-announces-six-swiss-235802866.html
  4. ↑ Transocean: Our Fleet
  5. ↑ Transocean: Fleet Status Report
  6. 1 2 Pederson, Jay P. (2002). "Transocean Sedco Forex Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories. vol. 45. Detroit: St. James Press. ISBN 978-1-55862-686-7. Archived from the original on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  7. ↑ "The Fleet: Discoverer Enterprise". Transocean. 2010. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  8. ↑ Aichele, Richard O. (September 2007). "Drill-Ship Technologies Create Ultra-Deep Solutions". Professional Mariner. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  9. ↑ "Transocean Offshore and Schlumberger Combine Forces to Create The Leading Offshore Drilling Company". PRNewswire. July 12, 1999.
  10. ↑ Schlumberger History: 1980s
  11. ↑ Schlumberger History: 1960s
  12. ↑ "Transocean Sedco Forex Signs Definitive Agreement To Acquire R&B Falcon Corporation". PRNewswire. August 21, 2000.
  13. ↑ "R&B Falcon Corporation and Cliffs Drilling Company Announce Execution of Definitive Merger Agreement". PRNewswire. August 21, 1988.
  14. 1 2 "Transocean's Ultra-Deepwater Semisubmersible Rig Deepwater Horizon Drills World's Deepest Oil and Gas Well". Contractors Unlimited. September 2, 2009.
  15. ↑ United States v. Transocean Inc., Court Docket Number: 10-CR-768, United States Department of Justice, November 4, 2010
  16. ↑ "GlobalSantaFe Corporation and Transocean Inc. Agree to Combine". Contractors Unlimited. July 23, 2007.
  17. ↑ Jilani, Zaid (May 14, 2010). "Transocean dodges paying U.S. corporate taxes by locating its headquarters in Switzerland". Think Progress.
  18. ↑ "Transocean, owner of Deepwater Horizon rig, agrees to $211 million settlement in Gulf oil spill". New York Daily News. May 20, 2015.
  19. ↑ "Transocean Completes Acquisition of Aker Drilling". Market Wire. October 4, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Shelf Drilling Completes Acquisition Of 38 Rigs From Transocean". PRNewswire. November 13, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Transocean Set to Join the S&P 500". PRNewswire. October 21, 2013.
  22. ↑ "Transocean CEO Steven Newman quits following $2.2 billion quarterly loss". Petro Global News. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  23. ↑ Casselman, Ben (10 May 2010). "Rig owner had rising tally of accidents". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2010.(subscription required)
  24. ↑ Zeller, Tom; Krauss, Clifford (May 25, 2010). "Transocean Finds itself caught in the spotlight". The New York Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  25. ↑ "Man killed in oil rig accident". BBC News. 3 March 2002. Archived from the original on 20 February 2004. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  26. ↑ "Transocean rig fire kills employees". Houston Business Journal. June 18, 2003. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012.
  27. 1 2 UK Health and Safety Executive (August 24, 2005), Notice 9990531 served against Transocean Offshore (North Sea) Ltd on 24/08/2005, retrieved May 30, 2010
  28. ↑ "Report on the loss of the 'Bourbon Dolphin'" (Press release). Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Justis- og politidepartementet). March 28, 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013.
  29. ↑ "Commission report says no single factor led to Bourbon Dolphin tragedy". Offshore shipping Online. March 28, 2008. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  30. ↑ Smith, Rebecca; Casselman, Ben (May 3, 2010). "Rig owner under scrutiny". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2010.(subscription required)
  31. ↑ "At least 11 missing after blast on oil rig in Gulf". CNN. April 21, 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Transocean Ltd. Reports Fire on Semisubmersible Drilling Rig Deepwater Horizon" (Press release). Transocean Ltd. April 21, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
  33. ↑ "Oil slick just a few miles from Louisiana coast". CNN. April 29, 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012.
  34. ↑ Sherwell, Philip (June 5, 2010). "Gulf of Mexico oil spill: Transocean silent as BP bears the brunt of anger". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  35. ↑ Bustillo, Miguel (May 27, 2010). "Big Spat on Rig Preceded Explosion". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2010.(subscription required)
  36. ↑ Murchie, Kay (May 16, 2010). "Obama condemns 'finger of blame' over oil spill". Oil Marketer. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  37. ↑ McNulty, Sheila (April 2, 2011). "Transocean awards bonuses 'for safety' in 2010". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  38. ↑ Caulfield, Philip (3 April 2011). "Transocean executives get bonuses, despite massive Gulf spill; company lauds 'best year in safety'". New York Daily News. New York. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  39. ↑ Carroll, Joe (April 5, 2011). "Transocean to Donate Safety Bonus Awards After Criticism". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
  40. ↑ "Brazil: Chevron Needs to Indemnify Transocean for Frade Spill Claims?". Offshore Technology. December 26, 2011.
  41. ↑ "Transocean cleared in Brazilian oil spill case". United Press International. September 18, 2013.
  42. ↑ "Drilling rig blown ashore in storms off Western Isles". BBC News. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  43. ↑ "Full assessment of Transocean Winner still to be made". BBC News. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  44. ↑ "Diesel oil leak from grounded rig Transocean Winner". BBC News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  45. ↑ "Coast Guard decides against plans to accommodate protests of giant oil rig's visit to Port Angeles". Peninsula Daily News. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
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