Flea (musician)

Flea
Flea performing with Red Hot Chili Peppers at the 2006 Oxegen Festival using his Modulus guitar
Background information
Birth name	Michael Peter Balzary
Also known as	Mike B the Flea
Born	(1962-10-16) October 16, 1962 Melbourne, Australia
Genres	Funk rock, alternative rock, jazz, experimental rock, punk rock, jazz-funk, electronica, hardcore punk
Occupation(s)	Musician, actor
Instruments	Bass guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals, trumpet, piano, keyboards
Years active	1979–present
Labels	Warner Bros. Records, EMI
Associated acts	Red Hot Chili Peppers, Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Rocket Juice & the Moon, What Is This?, Fear, Jane's Addiction, the Mars Volta, Tom Waits
Notable instruments
Modulus Funk Unlimited Fender Jazz Bass Music Man StingRay Fleabass Fender Precision Bass Spector NS Bass Alembic Bass Wal Bass

Michael Peter Balzary (born October 16, 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician, best known as a co-founding member and one of the composers of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers with whom he was inducted in 2012 into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.^[1] Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear and Jane's Addiction. More recently he has appeared as a member of the rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface and Rocket Juice & the Moon. Flea has also collaborated with other artists, including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette and Young MC.

In 2009, Rolling Stone's readers ranked Flea the second-best bassist of all-time; John Entwistle placed at number one.^[2]

Flea has made occasional forays into acting, appearing in films that span many genres, such as Suburbia, Back to the Future Part II and Part III, My Own Private Idaho, The Chase, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Thrashin', Dudes, Son in Law , and The Big Lebowski, in addition to voicing the character Donnie Thornberry in The Wild Thornberrys animated television series and films. In 2014, Flea returned to acting in the film Low Down.^[3]

Flea is the co-founder of Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a non-profit music education organization founded in 2001 for underprivileged children.

Early life

Michael Peter Balzary was born on October 16, 1962 in the Melbourne suburb of Mount Waverley, Victoria. He is of Hungarian and Irish descent. His father, Mick Balzary, an avid fisherman, often took him fishing.^[4] When Flea was five, his family moved to Larchmont, New York for his father's career.^[5] In 1971, his parents divorced and his father returned to Australia. Flea and his siblings stayed with their mother Patricia, who soon remarried to a jazz musician.^[5] He was first called "Flea" as a child for his seeming inability to sit still, and the nickname stuck ever since.^[6]

Flea's stepfather, Walter Abdul Urban (1941–2011), frequently invited musicians to his house, where jam sessions would often take place. The family moved again to Los Angeles, California, where Flea became fascinated with the trumpet.^[7][8] He had no interest in rock music at the time; he idolized jazz musicians like Miles Davis, Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie.^[7] His stepfather was an "aggressive alcoholic", who eventually became involved in shoot-outs with police. "I was raised in a very violent, alcoholic household", Flea later said, "I grew up being terrified of my parents, particularly my father figures. It caused [me] a lot of trouble later in life."^[9] To cope, Flea began smoking cannabis at 13, and became a daily user.^[10]

Flea, who was then nicknamed Mike B the Flea, attended Fairfax High School, and was somewhat of an outcast due to his taste in music.^[10] However, he soon met Anthony Kiedis, and after a brief confrontation, the two became best friends.^[11] Kiedis recalled: "We were drawn to each other by the forces of mischief and love and we became virtually inseparable. We were both social outcasts. We found each other and it turned out to be the longest-lasting friendship of my life."^[12] Flea was turned on to rock music by Hillel Slovak, and particularly punk rock by Anthony Kiedis. Originally a jazz trumpet player, Flea learned to play bass from Slovak, who shortly after asked him to be a bassist in his band, Anthym. Flea soon developed his own style and joined the group, but quit several months later in order to play for the punk rock outfit Fear. He then rejoined Slovak to form an intended one-off band: Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem along with Kiedis and Jack Irons, all of them at the time inspired by the free funk band Defunkt and the neoyorkian hip hop act Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five.^[13]

First three Red Hot Chili Peppers albums (1984–1987)

The band's concert repertoire grew to nine songs as a result of months of playing at local nightclubs and bars.^[14] The Red Hot Chili Peppers entered Bijou Studios to record a demo tape produced by the then-drummer of Fear and subsequently secured a record deal with EMI.^[15] Irons and Slovak, however, decided to leave the Red Hot Chili Peppers in order to pursue a "more serious" future with rock band What Is This?.^[16] Flea ultimately respected the decision, but felt the band would be lost without them. He and Kiedis hired drummer Cliff Martinez and guitarist Jack Sherman to fill Irons's and Slovak's places, respectively.^[16] Andy Gill, formerly of Gang of Four, agreed to produce their first album. Gill and Sherman clashed with Flea and Kiedis; they continuously argued over music style, sound, and the album's production.^[17] Flea himself felt that the album was stiff and "a big mistake", but also admitted "we [he and Kiedis] were just disrespectful and obnoxious".^[18] The band's eponymous debut album, The Red Hot Chili Peppers, was released on 10 August 1984 to largely poor critical and commercial review.^[19] After a relatively unfruitful tour, Sherman was fired in early 1985. Slovak, who had been contemplating a return to the Chili Peppers, rejoined the group after being encouraged by Flea.^[20]

Funk musician George Clinton was hired to produce the band's second album, Freaky Styley (1985). The strong chemistry between Clinton and the Chili Peppers was felt instantly. Flea later referred to Clinton as "the warmest, kindest man in the world".^[21] Freaky Styley was released in August 1985. It received only a bit more attention than The Red Hot Chili Peppers with roughly 75,000 copies sold by year's end.^[18] Flea was somewhat indifferent to the poor album sales as he had recently proposed to girlfriend Loesha Zeviar, who was pregnant with their child.^[22] The band hired Michael Beinhorn, their last resort among potential producers, to work on their next album.^[23] What Is This? had finally disbanded, and drummer Irons returned to the Chili Peppers in mid-1986 after Martinez was fired. Flea, Slovak and Kiedis especially were involved in heavy drug use and their relationships became strained. Flea recalled that "it began to seem ugly to me and not fun; our communication was not healthy".^[23] Kiedis became dependent on heroin, leaving Flea and Slovak to work on much of the album's material by themselves.

Kiedis was briefly kicked out of the band, and given a month to rehabilitate. Kiedis completed the rehab and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers in Los Angeles to record their third album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987).^[23] Flea has referred to the album as "the 'rockingest' record" the band has ever made.^[23] The Uplift Mofo Party Plan proved to be far more successful, commercially and critically, than the Chili Peppers' preceding albums, registering at number 148 on the Billboard 200.^[24] Following the Uplift tour, Slovak's drug use dramatically increased. Flea's relationship with Slovak faded, and Slovak became isolated and depressed.^[18] On 28 June 1988, Slovak was found dead of a heroin overdose. Flea reflected: "I didn't really know how to deal with that sadness, and I don't think [Kiedis] knew how to deal with it either."^[18] Irons, who was taking Slovak's death particularly hard, left the group.^[15]

Flea and Kiedis took some time to collect themselves, but kept the band together. Guitarist DeWayne "Blackbyrd" McKnight and drummer D.H. Peligro were added, and the band entered the studio to record a new album. McKnight soon began to create tension within the group, as his style did not mesh with the rest of the band.^[25] Peligro, the former drummer of the punk rock band Dead Kennedys, was a friend of John Frusciante, an eighteen-year-old guitarist and avid Red Hot Chili Peppers fan.^[26] Peligro introduced Frusciante to Flea, and the three jammed together on several occasions.^[27] Flea was impressed with Frusciante's skill, and astonished by his knowledge of the Chili Peppers' repertoire. Flea realized that Frusciante could provide the spark McKnight was lacking.^[28] McKnight was fired, and Frusciante accepted an invitation to join the band.^[25] Peligro was fired shortly thereafter; the Chili Peppers brought in drummer Chad Smith as his replacement.^[29]

Mainstream success and side projects (1989–1998)

Flea and his wife Loesha started to grow apart, and he began trying to recreate the memories of his adolescence by smoking marijuana on a daily basis.^[27] The Chili Peppers entered the studio, and completed recording of their fourth album, Mother's Milk, in early 1989. Upon release, the album was met with mixed reactions from critics, but received far more commercial attention, peaking at number fifty-two on the Billboard 200.^[24] After this, Flea made appearances playing the trumpet on Jane's Addiction's 1988 album Nothing's Shocking,^[30] and bass on the critically acclaimed 1989 Young MC album Stone Cold Rhymin'. He would also appear in the video for "Bust a Move", the hit single from the same album.^[31]

The ensuing Mother's Milk Tour put even further strain on Flea's marriage. In order to make money, he needed to tour, and therefore spent time away from his family.^[32] Furthermore, he and Smith were arrested on charges of battery and sexual harassment after a performance on MTV's coverage of spring break;^[18] charges were eventually dropped.^[32] The band was, however, attracting over three thousand people per show; Mother's Milk had been certified as a gold record in early 1990.^[33][34] By the time Red Hot Chili Peppers returned to Los Angeles, Flea and Loesha agreed to a separation.^[32] He tried to put the separation out of his mind by smoking marijuana and having sex with random groupies, when the band was on tour for Mother's Milk.^[32]

When the successful Mother's Milk tour was over, the Red Hot Chili Peppers severed ties with EMI and signed with Warner Bros. Records.^[35] Rick Rubin, who had rejected an opportunity to produce The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, agreed to produce their next album.^[36] Flea had largely used the principal slap bass technique on the band's preceding four albums, and decided to downplay this style in favor of more conventional, melodic bass lines.^[37] To record the album, Rubin suggested they use a mansion that once belonged to magician Harry Houdini. Flea felt it was "a creatively fertile situation", and decided to bring his daughter Clara with him.^[36] He and the rest of the band, excluding Smith, remained inside the house for the entire recording process. When not writing or recording the album, Flea spent a large portion of his time with Frusciante smoking large quantities of marijuana.^[36] The emotions Flea felt during the album's recording were like nothing he had ever experienced:^[18]

“

When we [the band] made Blood Sugar Sex Magik we spent a lot of time jamming—every day, for hours and hours. I remember during that time Anthony went off and made a movie, and for a long time it was just me, John and Chad, and we'd just go in there and play. Me and John were hitting the bong and we just rocked and grooved forever. It was the first time we went in to make a record where there wasn't this feeling of being sort of intimidated by what was going to happen.

”

When Blood Sugar Sex Magik was released on September 24, 1991, it received an overwhelmingly positive critical response. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 200, and went on to sell over seven million copies in the U.S. alone.^[20][24] The album's ensuing tour was critically acclaimed – the Chili Peppers commonly performed shows with over twenty thousand in attendance.^[38] Seattle-based grunge band Nirvana also toured with them during the West Coast leg of their United States tour.^[38] The massive attention the Chili Peppers started receiving, however, caused Frusciante to feel extremely uncomfortable, and he abruptly quit the band during the Japanese leg of the album's tour.^[39]

Following the tour in 1993, Flea was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome and was ordered to rest for a year.^[40] Flea and Kiedis felt it best to fire Marshall due to lack of chemistry and briefly replaced him with Jesse Tobias although his tenure was very short and he was quickly replaced by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, who was once recruited in 1992 to replace Frusciante. The band was ready now to record their next album although Kiedis was in the middle of a heroin relapse, which forced Flea to assume the role of lyricist, something he had not yet done. He wrote most of the song "Transcending", and the intro to "Deep Kick". Flea also wrote the lyrics to an entire song; "Pea", in which he both played bass and sang.^[41] These three songs appeared on the Chili Peppers' sixth record One Hot Minute, which was released on 12 September 1995. The album received mixed reviews and was significantly less commercially successful than Blood Sugar Sex Magik.^[20] The One Hot Minute Tour was ultimately cut short due to various injuries Kiedis and Smith received, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers decided to go on hiatus. Flea was so miserable that at one point during the tour discussed quitting the band.^[42] Flea began to practice Transcendental Meditation^[43][44] and yoga, and slowly decreased his marijuana consumption.^[42] Due to the Chili Peppers' inactivity, Flea joined Navarro in a Jane's Addiction reunion tour in 1997, filling in for ex-Jane's Addiction bassist Eric Avery. Rumors spread, that the band was breaking up, until Navarro stated otherwise: "I want to clarify that the Chili Peppers are not breaking up ... Flea and I are more than happy to do both projects, time permitting."^[42]

Flea also had plans to record a solo album. He asked Chili Peppers manager Lindy Goetz to help him promote the record and his future solo career.^[42] Flea eventually abandoned the idea in favor of offering his bass services to other artists. He performed on over forty records from 1995 to 1998, ranging from Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill to former Minutemen bassist Mike Watt's debut solo album Ball-Hog or Tugboat?. He also worked with Tori Amos and Michael Stipe on a track for the soundtrack to the 1995 Johnny Depp film Don Juan DeMarco.^[45] Navarro was fired from the Chili Peppers in 1998, and Flea questioned whether or not the Red Hot Chili Peppers would stay together: "... the only way I could imagine carrying on is if we got John [Frusciante] back in the band."^[46] Frusciante had completed drug rehabilitation in 1997 after a severe addiction to heroin and crack cocaine left him on the brink of death.^[47] Flea visited Frusciante in early 1998, inviting him back to the Chili Peppers; an emotional Frusciante readily accepted.^[48]

Californication, By the Way and Stadium Arcadium (1998–2007)

The band, with Frusciante back on guitar, began writing new songs during the summer of 1998 in Flea's garage.^[18] He and Kiedis were less confident in writing the album after the disappointing results of One Hot Minute.^[18] Flea had also recently broken up with his girlfriend of two years, Marissa Pouw, causing him to enter a state of depression^[49] which was only lifted when his daughter, Clara, comforted him after several weeks of crying.^[18]

Flea was heavily influenced by electronica during the writing and recording of Californication (1999) and he attempted to emulate this when writing bass lines for the album.^[49] Californication took less than two weeks to record; by contrast, One Hot Minute took over a year. When Californication was released on 8 June 1999 it received overwhelmingly positive critical reviews and sold fifteen million copies worldwide – more than Blood Sugar Sex Magik.^[18] The Chili Peppers played Woodstock 1999, with Flea playing completely naked – something he would do again at the Reading and Leeds Festivals the same year as well as several other Californication tour concerts.^[49]

Red Hot Chili Peppers spent most of 2001 writing their eighth studio album, By the Way (2002). The entire band began listening to more melodic, textured music, that would reflect heavily on the album.^[18] Frusciante became the driving force behind By the Way, causing initial strife between him and Flea.^[49] If he introduced a funk rhythm into his bass lines Frusciante would consequently disapprove to the point where Flea almost quit the band because he felt his role was no longer important.^[49] By the Way was released on 9 July 2002 to positive critical reviews. Although not as successful as Californication or Blood Sugar Sex Magik, By the Way would go on to sell over nine million copies worldwide.^[50] The ensuing tour, however, was extremely profitable; the Chili Peppers performed three concerts in London's Hyde Park to over 250,000 attendees and a total gross accumulation of US$17.1 million.^[51] It became the highest-grossing concert at a single venue in history.^[51]

After another two-year world tour, the Chili Peppers wrote their ninth studio album Stadium Arcadium (2006).^[52] Unlike By the Way, both Flea and Frusciante were more musically conjoined, when writing the record. They found inspiration in Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, and Eddie Van Halen among others.^[53] The double album was ultimately released on 9 May 2006 to generally positive reviews, selling over seven million copies in less than two years.^[54] In November 2007, Flea's $4.8 million Corral Canyon home in Malibu was burnt down by a wildfire.^[55] The location was not, however, his primary residence^[55] and at the time of its destruction was being rented to musician and producer Butch Walker.^[56]

Chili Peppers hiatus, return to school, I'm with You and Helen Burns (2008–2012)

After the Chili Peppers announced a long hiatus due to exhaustion, Flea enrolled in music classes at the University of Southern California. Beginning in the fall of 2008, the bassist studied music theory, composition and jazz trumpet. Flea attributes his interest in attending such courses to a newfound desire to widen his appreciation and understanding of music: "it's so much fun to learn this stuff because I never knew anything. I played trumpet in the school bands. I learned things I liked to play on my trumpet but I didn't learn why this note goes with this note and why it produces that sound. Or how to create tension in the composition [...] Knowing the structure is really fun."^[57] Flea also revealed plans to release a mainly instrumental solo record, that was being recorded in his home; guest musicians include Patti Smith and a choir from the Silverlake Conservatory.^[57]

Flea is also a part of Radiohead lead singer Thom Yorke's live band with Joey Waronker, Mauro Refosco and Nigel Godrich. The band performed two shows in Los Angeles in early October 2009, including the entirety of Yorke's 2006 solo album, The Eraser.^[58][59] The ensemble adopted the name Atoms for Peace and said they would perform dates leading up to an appearance at the 2010 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.^[60]

The Chili Peppers ended their hiatus in October 2009, though they were without Frusciante, who quit the band in order to pursue other musical interests. He was replaced by Josh Klinghoffer. The band began rehearsing and writing for their tenth studio album.^[61][62]

In April 2011, Flea finished second in an online poll conducted by Contact Music to name the best bass guitarist in rock music. Flea lost to the late John Entwistle of the Who. Rounding out the top five were Paul McCartney (the Beatles), Geddy Lee (Rush) and Les Claypool (Primus).^[63]

On April 21, 2011, Flea appeared on the radio show of the Rolling Stones guitarist Ron Wood, giving an interview and jamming with him.^[64]

Flea commented about the Chili Peppers new album on April 30, 2011 through his Twitter page, saying the new album is a beautiful thing, a new thing, a warm thing full of love and violence and deep funky grooves for humans.^[65]

In June 2011, Flea announced that he was giving away a personally customized bass guitar covered with graffiti and a one-on-one bass lesson as a prize in an eBay auction. The auction will benefit Style Wars, a 1983 documentary on early hip hop. The auction will raise money for restoring the film's negatives. Brad Pitt, James Franco and Spike Jonze also took part in the auction, which ended on 11 June 2011.^[66]

In a June 23, 2011 interview, Flea discussed the band's return and how he almost quit the Chili Peppers during their hiatus. Flea said, that he just felt like he wanted to take two years away just to really look and see if the band was "something we should still be doing". "Things had gotten dysfunctional and not fun, even though I thought we were making great records, doing great shows and were a really powerful, mighty thing as a band. I was proud of what we did." "For me, the biggest thing during the time off, and what really made me want to continue doing the band, specifically after decided he didn't want to continue in the band anymore, [was] I just realized, Anthony, man, he's my brother, I love him so much, and we started this band when we were kids. I wanted to keep that going, I never want to let that go. Playing with him is something, even though I can do other things that are exciting and beautiful and I always will do those things and I'll always want to grow and do music outside of the band, the thing that we have is special to us and something that is blood."^[67]

The Red Hot Chili Peppers released their tenth studio album, I'm with You on 29 August 2011.

Flea played bass on 2 songs on Tom Waits's 2011 album Bad as Me, released on 21 October.^[68]

On October 27, 2011 it was announced, that Flea's side-project with Damon Albarn and afrobeat legend, Tony Allen would be called Rocket Juice & the Moon. According to Albarn, on where the band's name came from, someone in Lagos did the sleeve design and that's the name he gave it, which he said he is fine with, because trying to find a name for another band is always tricky. The band made their live debut on 29 October 2011 in London and their debut album was released in 2012.^[69]

On December 7, 2011, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were announced as 2012 inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Flea commented on the induction by saying, "It's always been easy for me to pooh-pooh these awards – the [Rock] Hall of Fame too. But I inducted Metallica a couple of years ago, and it was really a beautiful thing to see as all these people were being inducted. It made me love it. I love halls of fame anyway – the Basketball Hall of Fame, the Baseball Hall of Fame. So I feel grateful for the recognition of what we have done and for the hope and potential of what we'll continue to do."^[70]

The debut album by Rocketjuice and the Moon has been released on 12 March 2012.^[71]

On July 19, 2012, Flea released a new solo EP, called Helen Burns, composed mainly of instrumental tracks, except the title track (which Patti Smith sang on) and "Lovelovelove", which features the Silverlake Conservatory of Music's kids and adults choir. This marks the first ever solo release by Flea, who has only released solo songs previously on soundtracks and other projects. Flea said of the EP "I am putting it out to raise money for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a community based non-profit music school that I am an integral part of." The digital download of the EP is available at "a name your own price" on the Silverlake Conservatory website and will be made available through all major digital outlets 9 August 2012.^[72]

On October 16, 2012, his 50th birthday, Flea gave an interview with CNN discussing the Chili Peppers and was asked if he plans on continuing with them for eternity. Flea responded by saying "I love the Chili Peppers, and I would love to. If there's anything I know, it's every time you start making plans, you don't know what's going to come up next. Anything can happen. So I love being in the Chili Peppers and it's my home, and I've been doing it for more than half my life. Of course, during the course of doing it, there's been all kinds of ups and downs, and moments of extreme (positivity), floating on clouds of greatness, and times of just groveling, and misery, and uncertainty, and anger, and love and all those things. Like being in a family. I really can't predict. But I love being in it for now, and right now, about as far as I'm thinking is getting through this tour that we're doing, performing at the highest level possible, then hunkering down and writing another record."^[73]

Atoms for Peace, return to acting, memoir, The Getaway (2013–present)

Flea's side project, Atoms for Peace, released their debut album, Amok in February 2013. Flea along with Chili Peppers touring percussionist, Mauro Refosco are scheduled to tour throughout the world with Atoms for Peace from July to November 2013.^[74]

It was announced on 1 April 2014 that Flea was in the process of writing his own personal memoir which will be released through Grand Central Publishing. No release date has been set or a title for the book which according to the press release will detail Flea's younger years as a rebellious teenager on the streets of L.A. where he befriends fellow high school classmate, Anthony Kiedis, Hillel Slovak and Jack Irons and forms the Red Hot Chili Peppers. The book will detail his long and sometimes complex friendship and collaboration with Kiedis, his drug usage and the tumultuous creative journey of the band.^[75]

On April 9, 2014, it was revealed that Flea was working on a new musical project titled Antemasque, with former Mars Volta members Cedric Bixler-Zavala, Omar Rodríguez-López and Dave Elitch. Two songs were released in early April though Flea has confirmed that he is not a member of the band and just recorded a few songs with them.^[76][77] Antemasque released their self-titled debut album on July 15, 2014.

Flea made his return to acting and co-starred in the 2014 film, Low Down, which is based on the life of jazz pianist, Joe Albany. Flea along with Anthony Kiedis executive produced the film which stars John Hawkes, Elle Fanning, Glenn Close and Peter Dinklage. The film had a successful debut at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2014 and opened in limited release in October 2014. It will be released in March 2015 on DVD.^[78]

Flea announced through his Twitter page in January 2015 that Danger Mouse would be producing the next Chili Peppers studio album which the band was getting ready to record. For unknown reasons, the post was quickly removed.

In February 2015, Flea posted photos to his Instagram page showing that he had broken his arm during a skiing trip. His injury delayed the recording of the Chili Peppers eleventh studio album for six months with production expected to resume in mid-August according to Flea, who said on August 3 he was now healed enough to play bass again and continue recording.^[79]

On April 13, 2016, Flea performed a bass rendition of The Star-Spangled Banner before a game at the Staples Center in Los Angeles between the Los Angeles Lakers and Utah Jazz; this was NBA superstar Kobe Bryant's final game.

The Chili Peppers released their eleventh studio album, The Getaway on June 17, 2016.

Personal life

From 1988 to 1990 Flea was married to Loesha Zeviar (Loesha's name still remains tattooed on Flea's chest). Together they had one daughter, Clara Balzary, who was born in 1988. Clara has been featured in many Chili Peppers books and documentaries including the band's Funky Monks documentary. She also has appeared at many shows and as a child even provided artwork for the band's T-shirts and promotional material.^[80] She has also documented the band's I'm With You tour through photographs and videos. As an adult, Clara was most recently in the short-lived band the Tints^[81] and is also an aspiring artist and photographer, taking the promotional photographs for the new Red Hot Chili Peppers record.^[82][83]

Flea married for the second time in 2005 to model Frankie Rayder who was once named GQ Magazine's sexiest woman in the world. They had their first child together, Sunny Bebop Balzary, who was born in 2005.^[84][85] The song "Hard to Concentrate" on the Chili Peppers' 2006 album, Stadium Arcadium was written by Kiedis as a wedding proposal to Flea and Rayder. The couple has since divorced.

Flea was close friends with actor River Phoenix and was with him on October 31, 1993, the night he died of a drug overdose, even riding in the ambulance to the hospital with him. The song "Transcending" on One Hot Minute was a tribute to Phoenix written by Flea.^[86]

In the 2011 documentary The Other F Word, Flea discussed the joys of being a father by saying "It's funny how you always hear people saying that classic parent attitude of, 'I brought you into this world, I gave you life!' You know, it's just, I think, completely the opposite. My kids gave me life. They gave me a reason."^[87]

Flea is a fan of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Lakers. He can often be spotted sitting courtside at Lakers games with some of his bandmates and has even performed the National Anthem prior to Lakers games.^[88] He is also known to be a fan of English football team Sheffield United.^[89]

Activism, philanthropic and charity work

Flea and the Chili Peppers appeared in 1990 PSA ads for Rock the Vote, a non-profit organization created to encourage 18- to 24-year-olds in the United States to vote in the upcoming presidential election.

The Chili Peppers were invited by the Beastie Boys and the Milarepa Fund to perform at the Tibetan Freedom Concert in June 1996 in San Francisco. They also performed at the June 1998 Washington DC concert as well. The concerts, which were held world-wide, were to support the cause of Tibetan independence.

In 2001, he founded the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a school dedicated to help youth progress in music, because of this.^[90][91] "I just wanted to fill the void that public education has cut from their curriculum. They've dropped the ball by cutting out music programs", Flea laments, "I grew up in LA public schools and was in the music department. It was really an important thing for my life, it gave me something to hold onto, and it was an important access for me. Without music I would've gotten into a lot of trouble and there are a lot of kids like me out there. I just wanted to try to provide something like what I got."^[90] Flea felt the public school system was seriously lacking in exposing children to music by drastically reducing, and sometimes eliminating, art-related programs.^[90]

In September 2005, the Chili Peppers performed "Under the Bridge" at the ReAct Now: Music & Relief benefit which was held to raise money for victims of Hurricane Katrina. $30 million was raised during the live event which was broadcast across the world on various television networks and online.

In October 2008, Flea (along with his daughter Sunny Bebop) appeared in a Vote for Change ad voicing his support for Barack Obama for president of the United States in the upcoming election.^[92]

On March 20, 2011, Flea ran the LA Marathon to raise money for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music through Crowdrise.^[93] Flea was also featured in Runner's World magazine discussing his preparation for the race.^[94]

The Chili Peppers performed a free concert in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on April 15, 2012 in support of President Barack Obama's re-election campaign.

In May 11, 2013, the Chili Peppers performed a special concert in Portland, Oregon for the Dalai Lama as part of the Dalai Lama Environmental Summit. According to the press release "The musical element of this event is intended to be a display of joyful celebration and an inspiration to future generations to care for our planet. The Red Hot Chili Peppers have been great supporters of the Tibetan cause, of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, and of the need to work to protect and preserve our environment."

On August 19, 2014, Flea posted a video to his Twitter page where he accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge. Chad Smith did the honors of pouring a trash can of ice water onto Flea.^[95]

In May 2015, Flea reached out to fans to help donate to the Special Olympics. Two lucky fans will be selected to be flown out to meet Flea for private bass lessons. Other prizes such an exclusive T-shirts, personalized video from Flea, tickets to a Red Hot Chili Peppers concert and various autographed items by Flea are available.^[96]

Flea took to his Facebook page in anger speaking out about the May 19th Santa Barbara oil spill that pumped 100,000 gallons of crude oil into the Pacific Ocean. Flea was at the beach with his young daughter when she stepped in a tar ball. Flea wrote "Dear plains all American pipeline, my daughter just dared step on the beach for a few minutes where we live about 75 miles from the Santa Barbara oil spill you caused. She got your oil shit product all over her feet." Flea stated he can no longer surf there or take his daughter to the beach further saying "Some kid in the hood who made a mistake selling drugs will go to jail and have his life ruined but you, you evil lying scumbags will get away with a paltry fine that means nothing to you. You could have had a shut off valve but you saved cash there too. You are the worst kind of human beings, I am infuriated you disgust me."^[97]

Flea has been very outspoken towards guns and gun violence, sometimes speaking about it during Chili Peppers shows. He often expresses his anger on his Twitter page. In 2013 he said "why anyone would ever want to own an automatic weapon I will never ever understand. it's a pathetic useless concept for sick people. Automatic, semi automatic, I don't care. I'm against em........ Melt em all down turn em into sculptures there is no need for them on earth. in many countries the cops have no guns and they do perfectly fine. No civilians should be allowed to have guns. none. and I don't think the cops should have guns either. change the constitution".^[98] Following the racially motivated Charleston church shooting in June 2015, Flea again voiced his anger towards gun violence saying "You are kidding me. This is too much. Humans are an over rated species. Sick. God help us." and "The USA land where any sick madman can easily get a gun. disgusting, deplorable, unbelievable.”^[99]

In August 2015, Flea added an apiary in his backyard which includes three beehives and over 200,000 bees in his backyard in efforts to restore the honeybee population. Flea commented on his new obsession with beekeeping by saying “Deep to the hive super organism. I love my bees. Flea’s bees.”^[100]

Flea took part in the Pathways to Paris concert in December 2015. The all-star event aimed to raise awareness about the urgency of climate action and coincides with the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris.

On September 18, 2015 Flea and his Chili Peppers bandmates were among over 120 entertainers and celebrities to announce that they would be voting for Bernie Sanders in the 2016 election for President of the United States.^[101]

The Chili Peppers performed at a fundraiser on behalf the non-profit San Diego Foundation on September 27, 2015. All money was donated to ARTS — A Reason To Survive, Heartbeat Music Academy, San Diego Young Artists Music Academy, and the Silverlake Conservatory of Music

Flea along with bandmate Anthony Kiedis hosted an annual benefit for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music on October 17, 2015. The event, which cost $2,500 and was limited to 300 tickets also included dinner and a silent auction. The Chili Peppers performed a rare acoustic set and John Legend headlined the event.

In February 2016, the Chili Peppers performed at a "Feel the Bern" fundraiser in support of presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. Flea said, "Bernie Sanders is the only remotely reasonable candidate for President of the United States." ^[102]

In August 2016, Flea paid a visit to see Koko the gorilla and to also raise awareness for The Gorilla Foundation. The foundation said of Flea's visit "One of Koko's favorite musicians, Flea from the Red Hot Chili Peppers came to visit. Koko was thrilled by the mellow sounds and a jamming session followed with Koko strumming on Flea's bass!"^[103][104]

Instruments and sound

Bass guitars

Flea has employed a wide variety of basses over his career with some varying exclusivity, such as Music Man, Modulus, his own brand Fleabass, and Fender Jazz and Precisions.^[105]

Effects

According to an article in uberproaudio.com, Flea uses these effects units for his trademark sound:^[106]

• BOSS ODB-3 Bass Overdrive
• MXR Micro Amp
• Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron
• Dunlop 105Q Crybaby Bass Wah
• Whirlwind D1
• Electro-Harmonix Big Muff

Amplifiers

Flea endorses/is endorsed by Gallien-Krueger.^[107][108]

Musical style

Flea has displayed a wide variety of techniques throughout the years, ranging from his initial use of slapping and popping to the more traditional methods he has employed since Blood Sugar Sex Magik. Greg Prato of Allmusic has noted, that "by combining funk-style bass with psychedelic, punk, and hard rock, Flea created an original playing style that has been copied numerous times". Flea stated in an interview, that he was influenced greatly by Louis Armstrong.^[8] Flea has been considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, with Greg Tate of Rolling Stone saying "if there were a Most Valuable Bass Player award given out in rock, Flea could have laid claim to that bitch ten years running".^[109] Smashing Pumpkins front man Billy Corgan recalls, that when he first saw the Chili Peppers in 1984, "Flea was playing so aggressively that he had worn a hole in his thumb and he was literally screaming in pain in-between songs because it hurt so bad. Someone kept coming out and pouring crazy glue into the hole."^[15] Flea's sound is also determined by what type of instrument he plays. Before Californication, he did not believe the actual bass held much significance: "what mattered was how you hit them [basses] and your emotional intent, and I still think that's the bottom line."^[110] Flea owns a 1961 Fender Jazz Bass, treasuring it for its "old wood sound".^[110]

Regarded as one of the best rock bass players of all time, in 2009, Rolling Stone's readers ranked Flea the second-best bassist of all-time in their top ten poll, ranked behind only John Entwistle and ahead of Paul McCartney.^[2] In a 2010 poll conducted on the BBC Two series I'm in a Rock 'n' Roll Band!, Flea was named the bassist in the ultimate fantasy band alongside Freddie Mercury on vocals, Jimi Hendrix on guitar and John Bonham on drums.^[111]

Technique

Flea's bass playing has changed considerably throughout the years. When he joined Fear, his technique centered largely on punk rock bass lines;^[112] however, he was to change this style when the Red Hot Chili Peppers formed. He began to incorporate a "slap" bass style that drew influence largely from Bootsy Collins.^[16] However, this technique caused Flea to receive attention from the music world and was often copied, and he therefore felt it necessary to completely remove slap-bass styles from his repertoire following Mother's Milk (1989).^[8] Consequently, Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991) saw a notable shift in style as it featured less of his signature technique and more styles that focused on traditional and melodic roots.^[113] His intellectual beliefs on how to play the instrument were also altered: "I was trying to play simply on Blood Sugar Sex Magik because I had been playing too much prior to that, so I thought, 'I've really got to chill out and play half as many notes'. When you play less, it's more exciting—there's more room for everything. If I do play something busy, it stands out, instead of the bass being a constant onslaught of notes. Space is good."^[113]

During the writing and recording of One Hot Minute (1995), Flea integrated some use of slap-bass progressions, but continued to center his technique around the philosophy of "less is more" rather than complexity: "I can't even think of anything I played that was complex [on the record]; even the slapping stuff is simple. It's original-sounding, and I'm proud of that – but what I played was more a matter of aesthetic choice."^[113] This led Flea to alter the way he wrote music by playing alone, instead of the jam sessions that would dictate how the band conceived songs: "[One Hot Minute] is the least jam-oriented record we've made. I mean, we definitely jammed on the ideas, but there's only one groove on the whole album that came from a jam, 'Deep Kick'. The rest of it came from my sitting down with a guitar or bass."^[113]

Flea became interested in electronica during the Californication (1999) era and he attempted to emulate the same atmosphere given off by synthesizers into his bass playing: "I feel the most exciting music happening is electronica, without a doubt."^[49] He ultimately decided against this, acknowledging that, aside from Frusciante, the band was not moving in the same direction.^[49]

In By the Way (2002), many of the bass-lines were entirely stripped of funk. Flea felt the chords Frusciante had written were not supportive of his typical technique; furthermore, he does not feel the musical direction of the record was specifically melodic, but instead "... a result of each one of us being who we are. The way we [the band] compose music is a very communal thing."^[114]

Influences

Flea's stepfather was in a bebop band that frequently jammed in his presence, so he soon became fascinated with the trumpet.^[8][15][18] Flea credits his continued interest in music to jazz performers like Jaco Pastorius, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Louis Armstrong, John Coltrane and Dizzy Gillespie.^[7] After Kiedis introduced him to punk and Rock, Flea became infatuated with artists such as Black Flag, David Bowie and Defunkt.^[12][18] Flea's early influences before Blood Sugar Sex Magik were mainly funk artists. They would become a notable aspect of the Red Hot Chili Peppers' sound up to Mother's Milk. Originally, Flea was given the impression by punk bands, that one should play as hard and fast as they possibly could, but ultimately rejected this philosophy during Blood Sugar Sex Magik: "I was so into being raw [...] it was all bullshit."^[110] On Californication and By the Way, Flea drew influence from electronica, gothic rock bands like the Cure, Joy Division and Siouxsie and the Banshees and new wave music rather than funk.^[91] Flea has also spoken highly of Neil Young; he wrote an article for Rolling Stone praising Young for the consistent authenticity in his artistry, among other things^[115]

Film and television appearances

Flea has pursued a minor acting career since the mid-1980s. His first role was as young punk Razzle in the Penelope Spheeris film Suburbia (1984). Shortly thereafter he starred alongside the Chili Peppers, who played themselves, in the skate drama Thrashin' (1986). He played the ill-fated punker Milo in another Penelope Spheeris film, Dudes (1987). He also made an appearance in the Bruce Weber documentary film about the life and career of jazz trumpeter Chet Baker entitled Let's Get Lost (1988). He portrayed the character Douglas J Needles in Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), though in an interview he referred to Part II as "a multi-million dollar piece of trash", saying that he was happy neither with the film nor his performance in it.^[116]

Flea played a minor role in the 1991 independent film My Own Private Idaho as the character Budd. He played a number of minor roles in films throughout the 1990s, including Son in Law (1993) as a tattoo artist, The Chase (1994) as a monster truck driver alongside Kiedis, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998) as a hippie, in The Big Lebowski (1998) as a German nihilist, and the 1998 remake of Psycho. He has also lent his voice to the animated series The Wild Thornberrys as the character Donnie.^[117]

In 1991 the Red Hot Chili Peppers released a black and white film documenting the recording of Blood Sugar Sex Magik titled Funky Monks. They have released two video concerts, Off the Map in 2001 and Live at Slane Castle in 2003—the latter of which had over eighty thousand attendees.^[118]

Flea has also appeared in television broadcasts with Red Hot Chili Peppers on several occasions. Several months before Frusciante's departure in 1992, the band performed two songs on Saturday Night Live – Kiedis felt the show was an embarrassment due to the guitarist; he believed, that Frusciante purposely played the song out of tune and incorrectly.^[42][119] Later that year, the band appeared in the popular animated comedy The Simpsons on the episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled". At Woodstock 1994, Kiedis proposed the band perform the first few songs in metallic suits with giant light bulbs placed on their heads.^[120] Flea was initially reluctant but eventually agreed: "... when we got to play, the energy of the whole thing took over."^[121]

In 2011, Flea appeared in the documentary, Bob and the Monster. The film details the life of musician and drug counselor Bob Forrest.^[122]

Flea appeared in the documentary The Other F Word, which aired on Showtime and was released through Oscilloscope Laboratories (a company founded by Adam Yauch). The documentary, which was directed by Andrea Blaugrund Nevins, focused on a generation of punk rockers, how they have handled fatherhood, and how they went from public rebel to domestic authority figure. Mark Hoppus, Jim Lindberg, Art Alexakis and Mark Mothersbaugh were also featured.^[123]

The 2014 film Low Down, also starring Lena Headey, Peter Dinklage, Elle Fanning and Glenn Close, marked Flea's first acting role in 14 years. The film was directed by Jeff Preiss, who previously worked with Flea on the 1988 documentary Let's Get Lost.^[124] In 2015, he provided the voice of the "mind cop" Jake in the Pixar film Inside Out.

In 2015, Flea appeared as himself in the Amazon Prime series, Highston.^[125]

Filmography

• Suburbia (1983) as Razzle (billed as Mike B. the Flea)
• Tough Guys (1986) as himself w/ Red Hot Chili Peppers ^[126]
• Thrashin' (1986) as himself (member of Red Hot Chili Peppers)
• Dudes (1987) as Milo
• Less Than Zero (1987) as Musician No. 1
• Stranded (1987) as Jester the Alien
• The Blue Iguana (1988) as Floyd
• Back to the Future Part II (1989) as Douglas J. Needles
• Back to the Future Part III (1990) as Douglas J. Needles
• The Idiot Box Episode #1.2 (1991) as Mugger
• Motorama (1991) as Busboy
• My Own Private Idaho (1991) as Budd
• Roadside Prophets (1992) as Two Free Stooges
• Son in Law (1993) as Tattoo Artist (uncredited)
• The Chase (1994) as Dale
• Just Your Luck (1996) as Johnny
• The Crow: City of Angels (1996)
• The Wild Thornberrys (1998–2004) as Donnie Thornberry (voice)/Tom (voice)/additional voices
• The Big Lebowski (1998) as Nihilist No. 2, Kieffer
• Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998) as Musician
• The Lionhearts Episode: Singin' in the Maine (1998) as voice
• Psycho (1998) as Bob Summerfield
• Liar's Poker (1999) as Freddie
• Goodbye Casanova (2000) as Silent
• Gen¹³ (2000) as Grunge / Edward Chang (voice)
• The Wild Thornberrys: The Origin of Donnie (2001) as Donnie Thornberry (voice)
• The Wild Thornberrys Movie (2002) as Donnie Thornberry (voice)
• Rugrats Go Wild (2003) as Donnie Thornberry (voice)
• Low Down (2014) as Hobbs (also served as executive producer on the film)
• Sheriff Callie's Wild West (2014) as Milk Bandit^[127]
• Inside Out (2015) as Mind Worker Cop Jake (voice) Small Role
• Highston (2015) – as himself (Amazon Prime series)

Other appearances (documentaries, music videos)

• Pizza Face (music video for Barnes & Barnes) (1980)
• Let's Get Lost (1988)
• Bust a Move (1989) (music video for Young MC song)
• Wicked (1992) (music video for Ice Cube song which also features Anthony Kiedis)
• Who Was in My Room Last Night? (1992) (music video for Butthole Surfers song)
• The Ben Stiller Show (1992)
• Rhythm & Jam (1993)
• 24 Hours in Rock and Roll (1994)
• Freaks, Nerds & Weirdos (1994)
• Duckman: Private Dick/Family Man (1997)
• The Decline of Western Civilization Part III (1998)
• Three Days (1999)
• MADtv (2000)
• Rising Low (2002)
• We Jam Econo: The Story of the Minutemen (2005)
• All We Are Saying (2005)
• American Hardcore (2006)
• Popworld (2006)
• Too Tough Too Die: A Tribute to Johnny Ramone (2006)
• 4Real Haiti (2007)
• Joe Strummer: The Future is Unwritten (2007)
• Patti Smith: Dream of Life (2008)
• Life on the Road with Mr. and Mrs. Brown (2009)
• The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special: In 3-D! On Ice! (2009)
• Everyday Sunshine: The Story of Fishbone (2010)
• The Other F Word (2011)
• Bob and the Monster (2012)
• Lexicon Devil (2012)
• Boardwalk Empire: The Rise and Fall of the Medical Kush Beach Club (2012)
• The Art of Punk: Black Flag (2013)
• Ugly Boy (2014) (music video for Die Antwoord)

Discography

Red Hot Chili Peppers

Atoms for Peace

• Amok (2013 album)

Solo

• "I've Been Down", released in the soundtrack for the movie The Basketball Diaries
• Helen Burns (2012 EP)

Collaborations

• "#1 da Woman" by Tricky
• "Baby Can't Drive" by Slash with Alice Cooper, Nicole Scherzinger and Steven Adler
• "Barcelona" by Jewel
• "Bleed for Something Beautiful" by Keith Caputo
• "Bust a Move" by Young MC
• De-Loused in the Comatorium by the Mars Volta (selected tracks)
• The Empyrean by John Frusciante
• "Note to a Friend" by Aleka's Attic
• Concert Series Volume 1 by Axis of Justice (selected tracks)
• "Freeway" by Porno for Pyros with Dave Navarro
• "Gimme Shelter" by Patti Smith
• "Hardcharger" by Porno for Pyros with Dave Navarro
• "Hard Life Easy" by Satellite Party
• Wednesday: Modern Folk and Blues by Bob Forrest (2006)
• "Heart of Gold" by Johnny Cash
• "Hell Broke Luce" by Tom Waits
• "I Come Off" by Young MC
• "I Make My Own Rules" by LL Cool J with Dave Navarro
• "Idiots Rule" by Jane's Addiction with Angelo Moore and Christopher Dowd
• "Ill Wind" by Michael Brook with James Pinker Pinkerelly, Jimmy Scott, and Michael Stipe
• "It's A Rockin World" by Joe Strummer with Tom Morello, Benmont Tench, DJ Bonebrake, and Nick Hexum
• "Leave My Monkey Alone" by Warren Zevon
• "Kettle Whistle" by Jane's Addiction
• "Miranda that Ghost Just Isn't Holy Anymore" by the Mars Volta
• Momentum by Joshua Redman
• "Narcissus" by Alanis Morissette
• "The Odyssey" by Incubus
• "Raised Right Men" by Tom Waits
• Rocketjuice and the Moon by Rocket Juice & the Moon
• "So What!" by Jane's Addiction
• "Spiritual" by Johnny Cash with Curt Bisquera
• "War" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony with Henry Rollins and Tom Morello
• "The Widow" by the Mars Volta
• "What'll I Do (Remix)" by Janet Jackson (Remixed by Flea, Chad Smith & Dave Navarro)
• "White Rabbit" by Patti Smith with Tom Verlaine
• "You Oughta Know" by Alanis Morissette with Dave Navarro
• "Grease the System" by Banyan with John Frusciante
• "Roadhouse Blues" by the Doors with John Lee Hooker and DJ Bonebrake, on the tribute album Stoned Immaculate: The Music of The Doors .
• Antemasque by Antemasque

Notes

References

• Apter, Jeff (2004). Fornication: The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-381-4. 
• Kiedis, Anthony; Sloman, Larry (2004). Scar Tissue. Hyperion. ISBN 1-4013-0101-0. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flea.

• Flea on Facebook
• Michael Balzary at the Internet Movie Database