First Battle of Saltville

First Battle of Saltville
Part of the American Civil War

View of part of the Saltville battlefield
DateOctober 2, 1864 (1864-10-02)
LocationSmyth County, Virginia
Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States United States (Union) Confederate States of America CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Stephen G. Burbridge Alfred E. Jackson
Units involved
5th United States Colored Cavalry Confederate Home Guard
Strength
5,000 [1] 300 [1]
Casualties and losses
458 [2]
Burbridge's Raid into Southwest Virginia

The First Battle of Saltville (October 2, 1864), was fought near the town of Saltville, Virginia, during the American Civil War. The battle was fought by both regular and Home Guard Confederate units against regular Union troops, including one of the few black cavalry units, over an important saltworks in the town. The Union troops were led by Brig. Gen. Stephen G. Burbridge. The murder of captured and wounded black soldiers after the battle has been called the Saltville Massacre.[3]

Saltville Massacre

The battle was a Confederate victory, but it has become better known for a massacre that happened afterward. Both Confederate soldiers and irregular guerrilla forces under the notorious Champ Ferguson murdered white and black Union soldiers who had been wounded and captured. Ferguson was tried after the war in Nashville, Tennessee, for these and other non-military killings. He was found guilty and executed.[3]

Brig. Gen. Felix Huston Robertson had bragged to another officer that "he had killed nearly all the Negroes."[4] His conduct was such that when Robert E. Lee learned of it he communicated to General John C. Breckinridge, Commander of the Department of East Tennessee and West Virginia, his dismay "that a general officer should have been guilty of the crime you mention" and instructed Breckinridge to "prefer charges against him and bring him to trial."[5]

Estimates of the dead vary. The most detailed analysis of the National Archives records by Bryce Suderow, Phyllis Brown, and David Brown concluded that 45-50 members of the black regiment were murdered by Confederates.[4]

Second battle

The Second Battle of Saltville occurred two months later at Saltville.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 CWSAC Report Update
  2. ↑ National Park Service Battle Summary
  3. 1 2 Encyclopedia Virginia: "Saltville During the Civil War"
  4. 1 2 "Was there a Saltville Massacre in 1864?" David Brown's analysis
  5. ↑ McKnight, Brian D. Contested Borderland: Civil War in Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia. University Press of Kentucky, 2006. p. 211

Further reading

External links

Coordinates: 36°53′09″N 81°45′33″W / 36.8857°N 81.7592°W / 36.8857; -81.7592


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