Ficus cyathistipula
| African fig tree | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In Maspalomas Botanical Garden, Gran Canaria | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Genus: | Ficus |
| Species: | F. cyathistipula |
| Binomial name | |
| Ficus cyathistipula Warb. | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The African fig tree (Ficus cyathistipula) is a species of fig that is native to the tropical forest regions of Africa.[2] They may be small trees, shrubs or hemi-epiphytic lianas, and are widespread in the moist tropics, where they may be found in Afromontane or rainforest, often overhanging pools.[3] The figs are reddish when ripe, and have thick, spongy walls that enable them to float on water.[4] They are named for their cup-shaped (cyathus-) and persistent stipules (stipula).[4]
Range and habitat
It ranges from the Ivory Coast in the west, to western Kenya and northern Malawi in the east. In the south it occurs in northern Angola, northern Zambia, and at Mount Namuli in Zambezia, Mozambique.[5] They grow beside forested streams or rivers, or in swamps where they overhang pools,[3] and on inselbergs and rock outcrops, from sea level to 1,800 m.[2]
Description
The evergreen trees are up to 5 m tall, with a dark and flaky bark. The trunk is thin and branches readily,[4] and may form adventitious roots for support.[3]
The dark, glabrous and leathery leaves are up to 7 cm wide and some 20 cm long.[2] Their venation is limited to some 5 to 8 lateral nerves.[4] The leaves are ovoid to oblanceolate[2] and blunt towards the tip, except near the leaf spine. They are arranged in a spiral, on petioles of up to 4 cm long.[4]
The globose syconia (i.e. figs) grow solitary or up to three together in leaf axils, on peduncles of up to 2.5 cm long, or may be sessile. They measure up to 5 cm in diameter and are initially greenish yellow to whitish,[4] and flecked pale yellow, but ripen to a reddish colour.
Species associations
Race F. c. cyathistipula is pollinated by Agaon fasciatum Waterston.. Race F. c. pringsheimiana, which is endemic to western lowland rainforest, is pollinated by the wasp A. kiellandi Wiebes..[6]
Races
- F. c. cyathistipula Warburg 1894 – tropical Africa
- F. c. pringsheimiana (Braun & K. Schum.) C.C. Berg 1988 – Cameroon, Gabon[6]
References
- ↑ "Ficus cyathistipula Warb., Synonyms". The Plant List. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 van Noort, S., Rasplus, J. "Ficus cyathistipula cyathistipula Warburg 1894". Figweb. Iziko Museums. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- 1 2 3 Bingham, Mike. "Ficus cyathistipula Warb. subsp. cyathistipula". Flora of Zambia. zambiaflora.com. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ficus cyathistipula". Barcelona pel Medi Ambient: Green Spaces. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ↑ Van Noort, S.; Gardiner, A. J.; Tolley, K. A. (November 2007). "New records of Ficus (Moraceae) species emphasize the conservation significance of inselbergs in Mozambique". South African Journal of Botany. 73 (4): 642–649. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.04.063. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- 1 2 van Noort, S., Rasplus, J. "Ficus cyathistipula pringsheimiana (Braun & K. Schum.) C.C. Berg 1988". Figweb. Iziko Museums. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
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