Ferramonti di Tarsia
| Ferramonti di Tarsia (Ferramonti) | |
|---|---|
| Italian fascist concentration camp | |
  Location of Ferramonti in Italy | |
| Coordinates | 39°35′00″N 16°14′39″E / 39.58333°N 16.24417°ECoordinates: 39°35′00″N 16°14′39″E / 39.58333°N 16.24417°E |
| Location | Tarsia, Italy |
| Operated by | the Italian Blackshirts (MVSN),[1] the Allied Military Government (after the liberation in 1943)[2] |
| Operational | June 1940 – September 1943[2] |
| Inmates | mainly Jews |
| Website | Museum / Foundation |
Ferramonti di Tarsia, also known as Ferramonti,[2] was an Italian internment camp used to intern political dissidents and ethnic minorities. It was located in the municipality of Tarsia, near Cosenza, in Calabria. It was the largest of the fifteen internment camps established by Benito Mussolini between June and September 1940. Over 3,800 Jews were imprisoned at the camp.
Location
The camp was located in Ferramonti, a rural locality 6 km in south of Tarsia, by the river Crati. The area where it was located is now next to the current exit "Tarsia Sud" of the A3 motorway.[3]
History
The construction of Ferramonti began on June 4, 1940, less than a week before Italy entered World War II.[2]
The arrest of Jewish citizens began on June 15, and prisoners began arriving at the camp on June 20. Between June, 1940, and August, 1943, there were 3,823 Jewish internees at Ferramonti, of which only 141 were Italian. The majority, 3,682 people, were foreign-born.[4]
Prisoners organized a nursery, library, school, theater and synagogue. Several couples got married at the camp and 21 children were born. Rabbi Riccardo Pacifici was the spiritual advisor to the Jewish inmates from 1942 to 1943. Unlike the Nazi concentration camps, the Italian camps were neither death camps or slave labor camps. Most of the detainees were allowed to roam freely and nearly all survived their imprisonment unharmed.
Six weeks after Mussolini's downfall (September, 1943), the prisoners were released. Many of these internees joined the Allied armed forces. About 1,000 of the refugees were shipped to the United States and interned at Camp Oswego, New York. Ultimately, they were released and were permitted to stay in the United States.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ (Italian) Ferramonti on lager.it
- 1 2 3 4 (Italian) History of Ferramonti
- ↑ Google. "Ferramonti" (Map). Google Maps. Google.
- 1 2 Judaica Philatelic Resources-Italy (see "Ferramonti di Tarsia" section)
- History and Memory of the Italian Concentration Camps, written by James Walston, article in The Historical Journal, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), published by Cambridge University Press, pp. 169-183, 15 pages.
- Ferramonti di Tarsia, written by Mario Rende, 2009, published by Mursia Editore, Italy
External links
- (Italian) Museum of Ferramonti
- (Italian) Ferramonti Foundation
- Museum of Tolerance - Italy, Ferramonti di Tarsia
- The Lager in Italy
- Jewish inmates in their barracks at the Italian concentration camp Ferramonti di Tarsia Photographs of Jewish inmates in their barracks at the Italian concentration camp Ferramonti di Tarsia
- Table-tennis champion retires his game but not his memories Story of Allan Herskovich, who along with his three other brothers, fled Yugoslavia, and were imprisoned in several camps, including Ferramonti di Tarsia