FS Class 650

SFAI 1181-1200
RM Class 3000
FS Class 650

FS locomotive 6502, later 650.002

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Builder	SFAI Turin works (1), Gio. Ansaldo & C. (36), Maffei (13), Officine Miani & Silvestri (5)
Build date	1884–1896
Total produced	55

Specifications
Configuration	4-6-0
UIC class	2′C n2
Gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in)
Leading dia.	840 mm (33.07 in)
Driver dia.	1,675 mm (65.94 in)
Length	10,280 mm (33 ft 8 ³⁄₄ in)
Axle load	14.2 tonnes (14.0 long tons; 15.7 short tons)
Loco weight	54.1 tonnes (53.2 long tons; 59.6 short tons)
Tender weight	29.9 tonnes (29.4 long tons; 33.0 short tons)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	3,500 kg (7,700 lb)
Water cap	10,000 litres (2,200 imp gal; 2,600 US gal)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	2.34 m² (25.2 sq ft)
Boiler pressure	10 kg/cm² (981 kPa; 142 psi)
Heating surface	125.4 square metres (1,350 sq ft)
Cylinders	Two, outside
Cylinder size	475 mm × 620 mm (18.70 in × 24.41 in)
Valve gear	Gooch

Performance figures
Maximum speed	80 km/h (50 mph)
Power output	630 CV (463 kW; 621 hp)
Tractive effort	6,250 kgf (61.3 kN; 13,800 lbf)

The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS; Italian State Railways) Class 650 (Italian: Gruppo 650), formerly SFAI 1181-1200 and Rete Mediterranea 300 Class, also known as "Vittorio Emanuele II", was the first steam locomotive in continental Europe to have the 4-6-0 'Ten-Wheeler' arrangement.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Design and construction

Designed by Cesare Frescot, the Class 650 was designed in light of the forthcoming opening (in 1889) of the new relief Giovi railway, which supplemented the old line opened in the 1850s and was less steep (1.6% maximum instead of 3.5%).^[1]^[2]

Previous fast locomotives were of the 4-4-0 arrangement; Frescot decided to add one more driving axle to ensure that the locomotive would be able to pull the increased loads without exceeding the axle load limits. He also discarded the Belpaire firebox, common in SFAI locomotive practice, for a round-top firebox, which would be a mainstay of Italian locomotive practice. The first locomotives had a working boiler pressure of 10 kilograms per square centimetre (981 kPa; 142 psi), while subsequent locomotives enjoyed a greater pressure of 11 kilograms per square centimetre (1,080 kPa; 156 psi); three locomotives were also fitted a longer boiler with a combustion chamber. The bogie had a small wheelbase, to keep the locomotive as short as possible.^[1]^[4]

The first locomotive was built in the SFAI's Turin works in 1884; the other fifty-four locomotives were built from 1887 to 1896: 36 by Ansaldo, thirteen by Maffei and five by Officine Miani & Silvestri.^[5]

Service and modifications

The first locomotive was the only one given a running number by the Società per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia, and was also the only one given a name ("Vittorio Emanuele II", in honour of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy), as just as it was completed the transition between the SFAI and the Rete Mediterranea was being executed.

The Class 650 proved very successful, being able to pull 130 tons over the new Giovi railway at a speed of 45 kilometres per hour (28 mph). However, the steady increasing of the train's weight meant that these locomotives were gradually replaced by more powerful ones. The last locomotives of the Class 650 were withdrawn in the 1920s, with none surviving into preservation.^[6]^[5]^[7]

Some units of the class were rebuilt under the FS period with the boiler of the FS Class 656.^[8]^[5]

References

Cornolò, Giovanni (May 2014). "Locomotive a vapore". TuttoTreno (2).
Kalla-Bishop, P. M. (1986). Italian state railways steam locomotives : together with low-voltage direct current and three-phase motive power. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. ISBN 0905878035.
Hollingsworth, Brian; Cook, Arthur (2003). The great book of trains : featuring 310 locomotives shown in more than 160 full-colour illustrations and 500 photographs. London: Salamander Books. ISBN 0861019199.

Classes of Ferrovie dello Stato locomotives

Steam

Tender locomotives	100 102 103 110^I 110^II 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119^I 119^II 120 121 122 136 139 140 150 155 158 160 161 162 163 164 170 180 181^I 181^II 182^I 182^II 183 185 186 187 190 193 194 195 196 197 198 200 201 206 207 208 209 211 212 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 255 260 261 262 265 268 269 270 271 272 290 291 292 293 310 320 380 385 388 390 391 394 395 396 397 400 410 420 421 422 423 424 425 450 451 452 453 454 455 460 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 482 499^I 499^II 500 510 512 513 530 540^I 540^II 542 543 545 550 552 553 554 555 556 560 600 601 603 604 605 606 607 623 625 626 630 640^I 640^II 645 650 652 653 656 660 666 670 671 672 675 676 677 680 681 682 683^I 683^II 685 686 687 688 690^I 690^II 691 720 728 729 730 731 735 736 737 740 741^I 741^II 743^I 743^II 744 745 746 747^I 747^II 750

Tank locomotives	800^I 800^II 801 802^I 802^II 803^I 803^II 804 805 806 809 810^I 810^II 811 812 813 814 815^I 815^II 815^III 816 817 818 819 820^I 820^II 821^I 821^II 822 823 824 825 826^I 826^II 827 828^I 828^II 828^III 829 830^I 830^II 831 835 842 848 849 850^I 850^II 851 870 871 874^I 874^II 875 876 877 880^I 880^II 881 882 885 893 894 895 896^I 896^II 897 898 899^I 899^II 900 902 904 905 906 910 912 915 940 950 980 981 999

Narrow gauge locomotives	R.201 R.202 R.300 R.301 R.302 R.305 R.306 R.310 R.370 R.401 R.402 R.410 R.440 R.441 R.442 R.443 R.600 P U

Electric

Rechargeable battery	E.421

650 V DC Third rail	E.220 E.320 E.321 E.420 E.620

3,6 kV AC Three-Phase	E.330 E.331 E.332 E.333 E.360 E.380 E.390 E.430 E.431 E.432 E.550 E.551 E.552 E.554

10,6 kV AC Three-Phase	E.470 E.471 E.472 E.570

3 kV DC	E.321 E.322 E.323 E.324 E.326 E.400 E.402A E.402B E.403 E.404 E.405 E.412 E.414 E.424 E.428 E.434 E.444 E.444R E.447 E.453 E.454 E.464 E.621 E.625 E.626 E.632 E.633 E.636 E.645 E.646 E.652 E.655 E.656

25 kV AC	E.491 E.492

Diesel

Light shunters	206 207 208^I 208^II 209 210 211 R.212 213^I 213^II 214 215 216 218^I

Shunters	218^II 225 234 235 236 245 250 255

Heavy shunters	Ne 120 D.141 RD.142 D.143 D.145 D.146 D.147 356 372 Ne 700

Train locomotives	D.341 D.342 D.343 D.345 D.442 D.443 D.445 D.449 D.461

see also Category:Rolling stock of Italy

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