Eyemouth
| Eyemouth | |
| Scots: Heymooth | |
 Eyemouth Harbour |
|
  Eyemouth |
|
| Population | 2,587 (2001) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | NT944640 |
| Civil parish | Eyemouth |
| Council area | Scottish Borders |
| Lieutenancy area | Berwickshire |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Eyemouth |
| Postcode district | TD14 5xx |
| Dialling code | 018907 5xxxx |
| Police | Scottish |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| EU Parliament | Scotland |
| UK Parliament | Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk |
| Scottish Parliament | Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire |
Coordinates: 55°52′16″N 2°05′35″W / 55.871°N 2.093°W
Eyemouth (Scots: Heymooth; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Eighe) is a small town and civil parish in Berwickshire, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the main north-south A1 road and just 8 miles (13 km) north of Berwick-upon-Tweed. It has a population of about 3,420 people (2004).
Eyemouth is very nearly due east of Glasgow. In fact Eyemouth's latitude is 55.8691°N, whilst Glasgow's is 55.8642°N, so Eyemouth is about 600 yards further north.
The town's name comes from its location at the mouth of the Eye Water. The Berwickshire coastline consists of high cliffs over deep clear water with sandy coves and picturesque harbours. A fishing port, Eyemouth holds a yearly Herring Queen Festival. Notable buildings in the town include Gunsgreen House and a cemetery watch-house built to stand guard against the Resurrectionists (body snatchers). Many of the features of a traditional fishing village are preserved in the narrow streets and 'vennels', giving shelter from the sea and well-suited to the smuggling tradition of old.
Eyemouth is not far from the small villages of Ayton, Reston, St. Abbs, Coldingham and Burnmouth. The coast offers opportunities for birdwatching, walking, fishing and diving. Accommodation includes several hotels, B&Bs and a holiday park. The geology of the area shows evidence of folding that led James Hutton to announce that the surface of the earth had changed dramatically over the ages.
History
Fort Point, Eyemouth, was the site of the first Trace Italienne style fortification in Britain. Building commenced in 1547 by Sir Richard Lee (1513–1575)[1] and it cost £1,906. It was demolished under the Treaty of Boulogne in 1550. Rebuilt again six years later by d'Oisel it held some 500 French troops. It was demolished again under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559. Traces of the ramparts are still to be seen.
Eyemouth fell within the feudal barony of Coldingham, possessed until the early 17th century by Coldingham Priory, after which it passed to the Home family, who had held lands in that barony since at least the 15th century.[2] All landowners (portioners) within the barony held their properties either by hereditary feu or by a term-renewable, occasionally hereditary, tack (Scots word for a lease) from the barony.
The lands between the southern banks of the Eye Water consisted of three estates: Gunsgreen, immediately opposite Eyemouth and Netherbyres, once part of the larger lands of Flemington which stretched all the way to Lamberton. At the beginning of the 17th century Gunsgreen estate was possessed by Alexander Lauder of Gunsgreen,[3] a great-great-grandson of Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass (d.1508).[4] On 17 January 1629, Alexander Lauder of Gunsgreen, acting as bailie for Sir David Home of Wedderburn, gave a sasine to Andrew Gray in Eyemouth, of some land on the boundaries of Houndlaw and also in Eyemouth.[5]
Netherbyres was for at least 250 years held by the Craw (originally Auchincraw) family. "George Craw of Netherbyre" was "deceased" by July 1614 when his son William came into possession of that property and Reidhall, "with the walk mill" extending to 12 husbandlands (312 acres (1.26 km2)).[3] A later William Craw, who had a passion for mathematics, built the first 'modern' harbour at Eyemouth and, in 1715, the elliptical walled garden, the latter almost certainly unique in the world. The Netherbyres House we see today was commenced about 1835 for Captain Sir Samuel Brown, R.N., who had the patent and monopoly for the supply of anchor chain to the Royal Navy. He later went on to design and patent chain suspension piers and bridges, including the Union Bridge over the River Tweed,[6] still in use today. Netherbyres House was bought by Sir Christopher Furness in 1928, and was donated to the Royal Gardeners' Benevolent Society for charitable use by Colonel Simon Furness, the Vice Lord Lieutenant for Berwickshire, who now occupies a house overlooking the famous walled garden.
The life of the historical hero of the town, William Spears (1812–1885), is celebrated by the dramatic bronze statue in Eyemouth Market Place, where he stands pointing the way to Ayton, the scene of his peaceful demonstration. At great personal risk, Spears led a revolt against the tithes on fish levied by the Church of Scotland, even after the great Disruption of 1843 when most fishermen left the established Church to join other congregations.
Very soon after the cost of getting the tithes removed had been met, the town was struck by the Eyemouth Disaster when, on 14 October 1881, most of the fishing fleet, some 20 boats and 129 men from the town, were lost in a terrible storm. Including victims from other coastal towns, a total of 189 men lost their lives. This is commemorated in the Tapestry housed in the Museum.
A contemporary article offers an interesting insight into Eyemouth in the 1860s:
"Between Abbs Head and Berwick, however is situated Eyemouth, a fishing village pure and simple, with all that wonderful filth scattered about which is a sanitary peculiarity of such towns.
The population of Eyemouth is in keeping with the outward appearance of the place. As a whole, they are rough, uncultivated, and more drunken in their habits than the fishermen of the neighbouring villages. Coldingham Shore, for instance, is only three miles distant, and has a population of about one hundred fishermen, of a very respectable class, sober and well dressed, and "well to do." – The Fisher Folk of the Scottish East Coast, "Macmillian's Magazine" No.36 October 1862.
In the late 18th century with the arrival of a group of Dutch engineers in the town, a survey was undertaken for a canal linking Eyemouth to Duns. The plan would have involved damming the Whiteadder Water at Chirnside thus diverting the course of the Whiteadder Water through the low-lying area known as Billiemire to join the Eye Water near Ayton. The plan was never carried out.
From 1891 until 1962 the town was served by a short branch railway line that ran from Burnmouth on the present-day East Coast Main Line. The line was forced to close from August 1948 to June 1949 after being damaged by the flooding of the Eye Water.
The famous John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough was created Baron Eyemouth, in the Peerage of Scotland, in 1682. This was the first of his peerage titles.
Modern town life
New, quality housing development has recently taken place, including a proportion of affordable housing. The town is served by award-winning fish and chip shops and ice cream shops, traditional cafes, Chinese and Indian restaurants, gift shops, a florist, a chemist, two banks, a post office, a supermarket, fresh fish shops, a butcher and delicatessen, home bakery, a library, hotels, a cocktail bar, several museums, a swimming pool, a leisure centre with fitness training facilities, a dive centre, a garden centre, two garages, a motel and bed and breakfast accommodation.
All the crafts and trades associated with the fishing industry are present in the town, from net making to ship building and repair. There are smoke houses that prepare fish in the traditional fashion.
The Medical Practice provides family doctor based primary care and a Day Hospital.
Communications
Improvements to the Great North Road, the 'A1 road', the main Edinburgh – London route, have put the town within commuting distance of Edinburgh. The East Coast Main Line railway station at Berwick-upon-Tweed, 6 miles (9.7 km) distant, has been upgraded and there are regular fast services north to Edinburgh and south to Newcastle and stations to London, a regular hourly Eyemouth/Berwick bus service passes the station. Eyemouth has broadband access to the internet and it was one of the first to be converted to receive digital TV services in November 2008. Edinburgh International Airport can be reached by car in just over an hour providing opportunities for international trade. The Port of Leith, opens the way to Europe by passenger and cargo vessels.
Education
Eyemouth Public School, in Albert Road, was built in 1876, designed by the architect William Gray Junior.[7]
There is a primary school and a new secondary school Eyemouth High School was opened in March 2009, and there is a regular School Drop in Clinic.
There is a further education training centre in the town and several firms offer modern apprenticeships. Northumberland College in Berwick-upon-Tweed is eight miles (13 km) away and full-time further and higher education courses are offered at The Borders College and Heriot-Watt University in Galashiels.
Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh - Scotland's newest environmentally friendly university campus is less than an hour's drive away accessed directly from the A1 at Musselburgh.
Harbour and industry
In 1997, Eyemouth was given EU funding from a scheme to regenerate declining fishing villages and raised matching funds itself to construct a deep water extension to the harbour. Eyemouth Harbour caters for most types of fishery activity and as a result Eyemouth's primary industry has seen a certain amount of rejuvenation. A pontoon has been installed in the harbour to provide ease of boarding for seafarers. This has attracted an increasing number of pleasure craft. Walks round the harbour never fail to interest. This is a real working fishing port and the scene is constantly changing. The Coastguard volunteers and the seagoing RNLI lifeboat are called out by the firing of maroons, one for the Coastguard and two for the Lifeboat.
There is also a substantial shipyard. The new harbour and fish market has toilets and showers which are available to visiting seamen – contact the Eyemouth Harbour Harbourmaster. The visitor centre explains the methods of fishing, the types of nets and the vessels used and examples of the equipment of a typical fishing boat are displayed. Visitors can see the market in action in the early mornings from a viewing platform. Boats are available for hire for sea fishing, sightseeing and diving in one of the few marine reserves in the UK.
Politics
The elected Eyemouth Town Community Council is led by a Chairman and has 12 members including an Honorary Provost. Three representatives of Scottish Borders Council attend monthly public meetings in order to take on board and act upon feedback from the community councillors who serve as a voice of the people of the town. Eyemouth Town Community Council (a Scottish Community Council), meets on the last Monday of the month (except in December) at 7.00pm in the community centre, minutes of the meetings being displayed on their website, on two notice boards in the town and also in the Berwickshire News.
Attractions
The wide sandy bay is flanked by high cliffs. Despite being sheltered by Hurkur Rocks, storms can generate high waves and throw high plumes of spume into the air over the sea wall. It is named "The Bantry," said to be in affectionate memory of the Irish labourers from the fishing town of that name in County Cork who constructed it.
Eyemouth houses the World of Boats, a collection of almost 400 boats and 300 models from across the world and from many periods. Most prominent is the 1844 steam powered puddled iron drag dredger, 'Bertha', designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for Bridgwater docks, which is undergoing restoration at the head of the old harbour.
The 18 hole golf course and clubhouse have sea views and a restaurant which is open to the public, allowing patrons to enjoy panoramic views as they eat.
Divers come from all over the world to enjoy the St Abbs and Eyemouth Voluntary Marine Reserve with its unique marine flora and fauna.
Eyemouth also has a great leisure centre consisting of a state-of-the-art gym, studio, a sauna and two swimming pools, one small with a maximum depth of less than 3 feet and a big pool with minimum depth of 3 feet to a maximum depth of 10 feet.
Nearby places of interest
Other places of interest nearby include the fortifications of Berwick-upon-Tweed also designed by Sir Richard Lee, and its military museum, Paxton House, the Union Bridge and the Chain Bridge Honey Farm, and scores of quiet country roads skirting the Cheviot Hills, frequently snow-capped in winter. Many visitors pause on their journey on the A1 to photograph their arrival in Scotland or their departure to England at the border crossing. Though the border has significance to many visitors, most local people think of themselves as 'Borderers' rather than as Scots or English. Nearby the border is a nature trail through the mysteriously named 'Conundrum' Farm. Typical Border towns and villages, such as Kelso, Grantshouse, Abbey St Bathans, Cove, Cockburnspath (pronounced 'coburnspath' or 'copath' by locals), Cornhill, Wooler, Morpeth, Alnmouth and Alnwick are all within easy reach for day trips from Eyemouth. Near Chirnside stood Ninewells House, since demolished, where David Hume, whom many regard as foremost among the philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, if not the greatest of all time, spent much of his life.
Popular culture
- Eyemouth has also been in several documentaries from the BBC Scotland.
- ITV's Taggart was filmed on occasion at St Abbs and Coldingham Sands.
- Eyemouth is the setting for a novel by Susanna Kearsley titled The Shadowy Horses.
- Eyemouth is the home of the Queen of the Underworld in H.P. Mallory's, JOLIE WILKINS books series.
See also
Notes
- ↑ Skempton, A, Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers, Vol. 1, Telford 2002, 401
- ↑ Historic Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle, N.B., London, 1902: 26.
- 1 2 Historic Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle, N.B., London, 1902: 183–4.
- ↑ Lawder, Charles A B, The Lawders of The Bass and Their Descendants, Belfast, 1914.
- ↑ Anderson, Rev John, Calendar of the Laing Charters, AD854-1837, Edinburgh, 1899: 487.
- ↑ Christies Scotland, Netherbyres, Eyemouth, Berwickshire, Glasgow, 1991: 9.
- ↑
References
Rev. Daniel McIver, An old-time fishing town – Eyemouth, John Menzies, 1906.
Peter Aitchison, Children of the Sea: The Story of the People of Eyemouth, Tuckwell Press Ltd, 2001. Republished ?2007 as Black Friday. (The author is a descendent of William Spears.)
External links
- Eyemouth Town Community Council
- grid reference NT943639
- Eyemouth Chamber of Trade
- St Abbs and Eyemouth Voluntary Marine Reserve
- The Great Disaster and the Eyemouth Tapestry
- Historic photographs of Eyemouth showing life and work in past ages.
- "Plan of Eyemouth fortified 1557, British Library".
