External cause

In medicine, an external cause is a reason for the existence of a medical condition which can be associated with a specific object or acute process that was caused by something outside the body.

They are classified as "E codes" in ICD 9.^[1]

External Cause Of Injury Codes (E – Codes) are ICD-9-CM codes (link) or ICD – 10 codes (link) that are used to define the mechanism of death or injury, along with place of occurrence of the event.

E – codes are assigned on death certificates based on the manner of death. ICD – 10 codes in the range V01-X59 refer to unintentional injuries. Codes in the range X60-X84 refer to intentional self-harm. Codes in the range Y85-Y09 refer to assault, and codes in the range Y10-Y34 refer to events of undetermined intent.

E – codes are well collected on death certificate (link) data, but less so on hospital discharge data (link). Numerous initiatives have increased the percentage of records coded. (CDC, MMWR March 28, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. RR-1) (link).

References

↑ LeMier M, Cummings P, West TA (2001). "Accuracy of external cause of injury codes reported in Washington State hospital discharge records". Inj. Prev. 7 (4): 334–8. doi:10.1136/ip.7.4.334. PMC 1730776. PMID 11770664.

Consequences of external causes (T66–T78, 990–995)

Temperature/radiation	elevated temperature Hyperthermia Heat syncope reduced temperature Hypothermia Immersion foot syndromes Trench foot Tropical immersion foot Warm water immersion foot Chilblains Frostbite Aerosol burn Cold intolerance Acrocyanosis Erythrocyanosis crurum radiation Radiation poisoning Radiation burn Chronic radiation keratosis Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy Radiation acne Radiation cancer Radiation recall reaction Radiation-induced erythema multiforme Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar Radiation-induced keloid Radiation-induced morphea

Air	Hypoxia/Asphyxia Barotrauma Aerosinusitis Decompression sickness High altitude Altitude sickness Chronic mountain sickness HAPE HACE

Food	Starvation

Maltreatment	Physical abuse Sexual abuse Psychological abuse

Travel	Motion sickness Seasickness Airsickness Space adaptation syndrome

Adverse effect	Hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis Angioedema Allergy Arthus reaction Adverse drug reaction

Other	Electric shock Drowning Lightning injury

Ungrouped skin conditions resulting from physical factors	Dermatosis neglecta Pinch mark Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules Sclerosing lymphangiitis Tropical anhidrotic asthenia UV-sensitive syndrome environmental skin conditions Electrical burn frictional/traumatic/sports Black heel and palm Equestrian perniosis Jogger's nipple Pulling boat hands Runner's rump Surfer's knots Tennis toe Vibration white finger Weathering nodule of ear Wrestler's ear Coral cut Painful fat herniation Uranium dermatosis iv use Skin pop scar Skin track Slap mark Pseudoacanthosis nigricans Narcotic dermopathy

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