Emiratis

Emirati  إماراتي
Total population
(1.5 million-2 million
12%-20% of total UAE population[1])
Regions with significant populations
 United Arab Emirates
1,400,000
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf Other Gulf countries Varies
 United Kingdom 5,406[2]
 United States 2,000
 Germany 2,885[3]
 Australia 1,700[4]
 Denmark 220[5]
Languages
Religion
predominately Sunni Islam of Maliki school of jurisprudence, significant minorities of Shia and Salafi Muslims.

The Emirati people (Arabic: إماراتي‎‎) are citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The largest concentration is in the UAE, where there are 1.4 million Emiratis.[1]

Formerly known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, the UAE is made up of seven emirates, each of which had a dominant or ruling family or tribe. Abu Dhabi was home to the Sir Bani Yas; Dubai settled in 1833 by an offshoot of the Bani Yas, the Al Bu Falasah; Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah to the Al Qasimi or Qawasim; Ajman to the Al Naim and Fujeirah to the Sharqiyin. Additionally a number of large tribes settled in these territories or travelled the interior of the UAE, including the Manasir and Awamir, the Mazari, Bani Qitab, Al Bu Shams, Manahil, Rashid, Al Murrah, Za'ab, Tanaij, Naqbiyin, Ghafalah and the Bani Ka'ab. A large number of them are from other Arab countries too and some have South Asian blood and Sub-Saharan African blood in them.[6]

Culture

Emirati culture is based on Arab culture and has been influenced by the religion Islam. Arabian influence on Emirati culture is noticeably visible in traditional Emirati architecture. Ever since the 20th century, the country has become more cosmopolitan and aspects of Western culture are very visible here.

Values

The influence of Islamic culture on Emirati architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to the prayer from the minarets of mosques which are scattered around the country.[7]

Some oriental educationists and cultural academics have stated that luxuriousness and some extravagance is a feature of the Emirati culture.[8] Some statistics show that despite government initiatives for increase in wider Emirati participation in how the country is run, most Emiratis did not pay much attention to it, as evidenced by a lacklustre turn-out to the advisory body.[9]

Music and dance

The music of the UAE stems from the Persian Gulf seafaring tradition. Distinctive dance songs from the area's fishermen are also well-known. Liwa (or leiwah / leywah) is a type of music and dance performed mainly in communities of Bantu peoples from the African Great Lakes region.

History

The United Arab Emirates is a recently created country with a history entwined with various empires, such as those of Portugal and the United Kingdom. The Romans also exerted influence on the Persian Gulf. Envoys from the Islamic prophet Muhammad saw the islands convert to Islam around 630 C.E. The Portuguese would then battle the then dominant force in the Persian Gulf, the Safavid dynasty and control UAE for the next 150 years. During the 16th century, the Ottomans took control of the Islands and UAE was known as the "Pirate Coast." By the 19th century, the British Empire had taken complete control of the land then called the Trucial States.[10] Oil was discovered in 1959. The Trucial States were under the control of the British Empire until 1971. Consequently, with weakening British control, the Trucial States became the UAE in 1971 with Ras al-Khaimah joining in 1972.[10]

The term Emirati comes from the Arabic word emir (Arabic: أمير‎‎) which means commander. Each emirate is ruled by an emir. The Bani Yas tribe forms the basis of many clans within the UAE. Sub-clans of the Bani Yas include[11]

Another definition of "Emirati" is Arabs with origins in the UAE. Many modern Emirati names are derived from these tribal names or offshoots of these tribes, for instance Mazroui (from Mazari), Nuaimi (from Naim) and Al Sharqi (from Sharqiyin).[12]

Emiratism

Emiratism (or Emirianism) is the advocacy of Emirati national identity. The government promotes Emiratism by procuring nationals with preferential treatment on several socio-political platforms.[13] This is accomplished through several means, such as increasing the visibility of Emirati culture, by preserving Emirati cultural identity, and by preferentially employing Emiratis in the workforce. The latter policy is referred to as Emiratisation by the government.[14]

National symbols

Falcon training is one of the UAE's national symbols. These birds can be seen on the coat of arms of the United Arab Emirates. They were traditionally used for hunting, and trained by the Bedouin tribes. Most Emiratis view Sheikh Zayed as an essential component of Emirati nationalism,[15] Emiratis are proud of their nations global name associated with tourist prospects, prefer interactions with fellow nationals, most are computer literate and adult Emiratis past born in the 21st century are more likely to be bilingual[16][17] These are many landmarks and sculptures in the country of teapots, water jugs and coffeemakers to symbolize the hospitality of the Emirati people. Due to the pearl-diving history of the Emirates, nautical sailing and other activities at sea are sometimes emphasized.[18] Due to its prominence throughout Emirati history in cultivation, datefruits play an important role in Emirati life. Another national symbol is the teapot with the elongated thin spout; a sign of Emirati generosity.

Demographics

The population of the UAE as of 2009 stands at six million, of which 16.5% are Emiratis.

The rest of UAE's population (83.5%) is composed of expatriates, with the largest groups hailing from South Asian countries such as India (1.75 million), Pakistan (1.25 million) and Bangladesh (500,000). There are also nationals of other GCC and Arab countries who live in the UAE. Members of other Asian communities, including China, the Philippines, Thailand, Korea, Afghanistan and Iran make up approximately one million of the total population. Western expatriates, from Europe, Australia, and Latin America make up 500,000 of the overall population.

Language

Main article: Emirati Arabic

Emirati Arabic is a variety of Arabic used in the UAE.

Lexicology

The word Emirati is an English derived from a combination of the word emir, which is an Islamic leader, and the English suffix -ate. It gradually came to mean United Arab Emirates. The demonym Emirian has a similar root from except with the suffix -ian being added to emir. Rarer Emirian demonyms and adjectives include Emiri and Emiratian, both of which are unofficial and informal alternates.[19] However, due to strong tribal allegiances, many Emiratis also self-identify by their tribal affiliations, whereby some Emiratis may call themselves a "Bani Yasi", "Suweidi" or an "al-Shamsi", especially if they come from an influential tribe.

Religion

Islam is largest and the official state religion of the UAE and the government follows a policy of tolerating existence of other religions, through the Ministry of Tolerance.

There are approximately 31 churches throughout the country, one Hindu temple in the region of Bur Dubai, 2 Sikh Gurudwaras, with the biggest one located in Jebel Ali district of Dubai and a Buddhist temple in the Al Garhoud of Dubai.[20] Emiratis are largely Muslims, approximately 85% of whom are Sunni and the remaining 15% are Shia.[21]

The government imposes restrictions on marriage for its citizens. Muslim Emirati women are forbidden by law from marrying men of "the book" (referring to Christians and Jews), while Muslim Emirati men are allowed to marry women of "the book". In UAE, a union between a Muslim Emirati woman and a man of "the book" is punishable by law, since it is considered a form of "fornication".[22]

Diaspora

Main article: Emirati diaspora

Emirati ancestry, the result of emigration, also exist in other parts of the world, most notably in the Arabian Peninsula, Europe and North America. Population estimates are seen to have a very small diaspora, mainly because the UAE provides them with more than adequate welfare benefits, removing the need to live and work in other developed countries.[23]

Discrimination

In recent years, many Emiratis who wear traditional attire have complained about being discriminated against by expatriates living in the UAE. Emirati men who wear the kandura or the women who wear the abaya have been turned away from certain leisure activities like visiting the beach, bowling in Dubai Outlet Mall or skiing at Ski Dubai.[24] Emiratis have also complained of chronic overcharging in various shops and restaurants. Those wearing the Kandura are reportedly being charged triple amounts for goods and services, mainly because of public misconceptions that all Emiratis are rich.[25]

At the same time, some Emiratis look down on other nationalities and do not support integration of expatriates into local society. In the workplace, excellent treatment is afforded to Emiratis compared to expatriates. The current generation of UAE locals commonly prefer government jobs and do not want to learn. [26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Call to naturalise some expats stirs anxiety in the UAE
  2. ↑ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  3. ↑ "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland (Stand: 31. Dezember 2014)". statista. Retrieved 2015-07-22.
  4. ↑ "Australia is keen to promote Islamic finance". Khaleej Times. 18 June 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 2014-09-26.
  6. ↑ http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/society/more-emiratis-marrying-other-nationalities-1.1377845
  7. ↑ "UAE Culture". Uae.gov.ae. 2000-06-01. Archived from the original on June 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  8. ↑ Butler, Stuart (2007). Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula. p. 422.
  9. ↑ Warren, Alex (2012). The Battle for the Arab Spring:.
  10. 1 2 MobileReference (2010). Travel Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Illustrated Guide, Phrasebook and Maps. Google eBooks.
  11. ↑ : The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. Long, Reich.
  12. ↑ Heard-Bey, Frauke (1990). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates. London: Longman. pp. 27–80. ISBN 0582277280.
  13. ↑ Neil Patric (8 November 2008). "Nationalism and Internal Tensions in the UAE". The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  14. ↑ Kalir, Sur, Barak, Malini (2012). Transnational Flows and Permissive Politie.
  15. ↑ Cross, Jay (2011). Informal Learning.
  16. ↑ "Emiratis Want Crackdown On Tourists' Skimpy Dresses". Huffington Post. 2012-07-06.
  17. ↑ Mahdi, Ali (2003). Teen Life in the Middle East. p. 239.
  18. ↑ Bruijn, Liza (2010). Doing the deal, globally. p. 140.
  19. ↑ Douglas, Allen (1994). Arab comic strips. p. 150.
  20. ↑ Advanced Digital Technology www.adtworld.com (2008-04-05). "Gulfnews: Churches and temples in the UAE". Archive.gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  21. ↑ There are also 2 Sikh Gurudwaras with the biggest one in Jebel Ali and a Buddhist temple in Al Garhoud.United Arab Emirates Religion
  22. ↑ United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009)
  23. ↑ http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn
  24. ↑ http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/heritage/cracking-the-uae-dress-code-can-be-tough#page2
  25. ↑ http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/emiratis-complain-of-chronic-overcharging-in-shops
  26. ↑ http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn
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