Elisabet Ney

Elisabet Ney
Elisabet Ney by Friedrich Kaulbach, 1860 With a bust of King George V of Hanover
Born	Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney (1833-01-26)January 26, 1833 Münster, Westphalia, Germany
Died	June 29, 1907(1907-06-29) (aged 74) Austin, Texas, U.S.
Nationality	German American
Known for	Sculpture

Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney (26 January 1833, Münster — 29 June 1907, Austin, Texas) was a celebrated German-born sculptor who spent the first half of her life and career in Europe, producing portraits of famous leaders such as Otto von Bismarck, Giuseppe Garibaldi and King George V of Hanover. At age 39, she immigrated to Texas with her husband Edmund Montgomery and became a pioneer in the development of art there. Among her most famous works during her Texas period were life-size marble figures of Sam Houston and Stephen F. Austin. A large group of her works are housed in the Elisabet Ney Museum, located in the artist's home and studio in Austin. Other works can be found in the Texas State Capitol, the US Capitol, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Early life

Ney was born in Münster, Westphalia, Germany to Johann Adam Ney, a stonecarver, and his wife Anna Elizabeth. The only other surviving child in the Ney family was her older brother Fritz. Her parents were Catholics of Alsatian-Polish heritage. She was the great-niece of Michel Ney, Marshal of France. Early in life, she declared her goal "to know great persons."^[1][2]

Career

Europe

Ney grew up assisting her father in his work. She went on a weeks-long hunger strike when her parents opposed her becoming a sculptor, prompting her parents to request the assistance of their local bishop. They finally relented and in 1852, she became the first female sculpture student at the Munich Academy of Art by professor Max von Widnmann. She received her diploma on July 29, 1854. After graduating she moved to Berlin to study under Christian Daniel Rauch.^[3][4]

Ney opened a studio in Berlin in 1857. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer agreed to sit for a sculpted portrait at the persuasion of Edmund Montgomery, whom she would marry in 1863. It was hailed as an artistic success and led to other commissions, most notably Jacob Grimm of the Brothers Grimm, the Italian military leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, the composer Richard Wagner, Cosima von Bülow (the daughter of Franz Liszt and Wagner's future wife), the Prussian-German political figure Otto von Bismarck, and King George V of Hanover. George V also commissioned bust portraits of the composer Josef Joachim and his wife, the contralto Amalie Weiss Joachim. Shortly after completing the Bismarck bust, Ney was commissioned in 1868 by Prussian agents to sculpt a full-length portrait of Ludwig II of Bavaria in Munich. Her works of this period were in a traditional classical German style with an emphasis on realism and accurate scale.^[1][5]

United States

In the early 1880s, Ney, by then a Texas resident, was invited to Austin by Governor Oran M. Roberts, which resulted in the resumption of her artistic career.^[6] In 1892, she built a studio named Formosa in the Hyde Park neighborhood north of Austin and began to seek commissions.^[1][7]

In 1891, Ney was commissioned by the Board of Lady Managers of the Chicago World's Fair Association, and supplemented with $32,000 by the Texas state legislature, to model figures of Sam Houston and Stephen F. Austin for the World's Columbian Exposition World's Fair in 1893.^[1][8][9] The marble sculptures of Houston and Austin can now be seen in both the Texas State Capitol in Austin and in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.. She was also commissioned to do a memorial to the career military officer and war hero Albert Sidney Johnston for his grave in the Texas State Cemetery.^[10] One of her signature works was the figure of Lady Macbeth; the plaster model is in the Elisabet Ney Museum and the completed marble is in the Smithsonian American Art Museum collection. She succeeded in having the orator, three-time presidential candidate, and noted attorney William Jennings Bryan sit for a portrait; she hoped to sell replicas of this bust to debate clubs across the country.

The 1903 life-size portrait bust of Dr. David Thomas Iglehart can be found at Symphony Square in Austin, where it is on permanent loan to the Austin Symphony Society.^[11] Possibly the last known work by Ney, that of a tousled haired cherub resting over a grave and known as the 1906 Schnerr Memorial, can be found at Der Stadt Friedhof in Fredericksburg, Texas.^[12][13]

In addition to her sculpting activities, Ney was also active in cultural affairs in Austin. Formosa become a center for cultural gatherings and curiosity seekers. The composer Paderewski and the Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova were among her visitors.^[1]

Personal life

While visiting friends in Heidelberg in 1853, Ney made the acquaintance of a young Scottish medical student, scientist, and philosopher^[14] named Edmund Montgomery. It would be a meeting of minds and idealist rebellious spirits. They kept in touch, although she viewed the institution of marriage as a state of bondage for women. He would not be deterred, and after he established a medical practice in Madeira, they were married at the British consulate there on November 7, 1863.

Ney, however, remained outspoken about women's roles. She refused to use Montgomery's name, often denied she was even married, and once remarked:^[1][2][15]

She wore pants and rode her horses astride as men did. She liked to fashion her own clothes, which, in addition to the slacks, included boots and a black artist frock coat.^[4]

Montgomery was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1863. By 1870, the Franco-Prussian War had begun. In autumn of that year, Ney became pregnant with their first child. Montgomery received a letter from his friend Baron Carl Vicco Otto Friedrich Constantin von Stralendorff of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who had moved to Thomasville, Georgia with his new wife Margaret Elizabeth Russell of Boston, Massachusetts, declaring the location "Earth's paradise."^[16] On January 14, 1871, Ney and Montgomery, accompanied by their housekeeper Cenci, immigrated to Georgia, to a colony promoted as a resort for consumptives. Their son Arthur (1871–1873) was born there in 1871, but died two years later of diphtheria. Unfortunately, the Thomasville colony did not work out as they had hoped. Baron and Baroness von Stralendorff returned to Wismar, Germany where he died on July 1, 1872.^[17][18][19]

Ney and Montgomery looked elsewhere in the United States for a place to live, including Minnesota, where their second son, Lorne, was born in 1873. Later that year, Ney traveled alone to Texas. With the help of Julius Runge a businessman in Galveston, she was shown Liendo Plantation near Hempstead in Waller County, Texas. On March 4, 1873, Montgomery and the rest of the family arrived, and they purchased the plantation. While he tended to his research, she ran it for the next twenty years.

Death and legacy

Ney died in her Austin studio on June 29, 1907, and is buried next to Montgomery, who died four years later, at Liendo Plantation.^[20]

Upon her death, Montgomery sold the Formosa studio to Ella Dancy Dibrell. As per her wishes, its contents were bequeathed to the University of Texas at Austin, but were to remain in the building. In 1911, Dibrell and other friends established the Texas Fine Arts Association (after more than a century in existence, the organization is now known as the Contemporary Austin) in her honor. It is the oldest Texas-wide organization existing for support of the visual arts. Formosa is now the home of the Elisabet Ney Museum. In 1941, the City of Austin took over the ownership and operation.^[6][9][21]

In 1961, Lake Jackson Primary School in Lake Jackson, Texas was renamed Elisabet Ney Elementary School in her honor.^[22]

Gallery

• 
  Elisabeth Ney c. 1859 with a bust of Arthur Schopenhauer
• 
  Elisabet Ney in her Atelier in Texas circa 1900
• 
  Edmund Montgomery
• 
  Arthur Schopenhauer
• 
  Sam Houston
• 
  Lady Macbeth
• 
  Albert Sidney Johnston Tomb Texas State Cemetery
• 
  Albert Sidney Johnston Tomb
• 
  Stephen F. Austin
• 
  Sam Houston
  Given by Texas to the National Statuary Hall Collection
• 
  Elisabet Ney Museum

Works (partial listing)

Source: Elisabet Ney Museum in Austin, Texas

References

Additional sources

• Selected Bibliography, Elisabet Ney Museum
• Cutrer, Emily Fourmy, The Art of the Woman: The Life and Work of Elisabet Ney, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1988 (ISBN 0-8032-1438-3)
• Fortune, Jan and Jean Barton, Elisabet Ney, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1943
• Hendricks, Patricia D. and Becky Duval Reese, A Century of Sculpture in Texas: 1889 - 1989 (exhibition catalog), Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1989
• Little, Carol Morris, A Comprehensive Guide to Outdoor Sculpture in Texas, University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1996 (ISBN 0-292-76034-5)

Elisabet Ney in fiction

Ney appears as a character in the novel A Twist at the End: A Novel of O. Henry (Simon & Schuster, 2000)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elisabet Ney.

• Elisabet Ney from the Handbook of Texas Online
• Official site of the Elisabet Ney Museum
• Elisabet Ney, Sculptor, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• "Lady Macbeth" Smithsonian American Art Museum
• Entry for Elisabet Ney on the Union List of Artist Names
• Albert Sidney Johnston at Find a Grave
• www.austintexas.gov/Elizabetney