Earl Cornwallis (1783 ship)

For other ships with the same name, see Cornwallis (East Indiaman).
The Earl Cornwallis, c.1786-94, Thomas Daniell; Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection]]
History
United Kingdom
Name: Fletcher
Namesake: Earl of Cornwallis
Owner:
  • EIC Voyages #1-3:James Farquharson
  • EIC Voyage #4:Robert Farquharson
  • EIC voyages $5-6:James Farquharson
  • EIC voyage #7:William Urquhart
  • Convict transport:Wilson & Co.
Builder: John & William Wells, Rotherhithe[1]
Launched: 1783
Renamed: Earl Cornwallis (before launch)[1]
Fate: No longer in 1809 Lloyd's Register
General characteristics
Tons burthen: 774,[2] or 774 49⁄94,[1] or 784[3] (bm)
Length:
  • 145 feet 6 inches (44.3 m) (overall)[2]
  • 118 feet 7 inches (36.1 m) (keel)[2]
Depth of hold: 14 feet 0 inches (4.3 m)[2]
Complement:

1793:90[4]

1798:64[4]
Armament:
  • Indiaman: 26 guns[2]
  • 1793: 26 x 4 & 9-pounder guns[4]
  • 1798: 12 x 9-pounder guns + 6 x 18-pounder carronades[4]

Earl Cornwallis was a three-decker East Indiaman launched in 1783 on the Thames. She made seven voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). Then in 1800 transported convicts from England to New South Wales. By 1809 she was no longer listed in Lloyd's Register.

East Indiaman

Voyage #1 (1784–85)

Captain Burnet Abercromby left the Downs on 31 March 1784, bound for Madras and Bengal. Earl Cornwallis reached False Bay on 26 July, and Madras on 7 October. She then arrived at Kedgeree on 17 November. For her return voyage to Britain she passed Saugor on 10 March 1785. She reached Port Louis, Isle de France on 16 May, and St Helena on 14 July. She arrived back at the Downs on 2 October.[2]

Voyage #2 (1786–87)

Captain Thomas Hodgson left the Downs 4 March 1786, bound for China. Earl Cornwallis reached Whampoa on 21 August. For her return voyage she crossed the Second Bar on 22 December, and reached St Helena on 22 March 1787. She arrived back at the Downs on 22 May.[2]

Voyage #3 (1788–89)

Hodgson was again Earl Cornwallis's captain and he left the Downs on 28 January 1788, bound for Madras and China. She arrived at Madeira on 20 February and Madras on 6 July. By 5 September she was at Malacca and by 9 October Whampoa. Homeward-bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 27 December. She reached St Helena on 1 May 1789, and the Downs on 9 July.[2]

Voyage #4 (1791–92)

Hodgson left Portsmouth on 7 March 1791, again bound for Madras and China. Earl Cornwallis reached Madras on 19 June and Whampoa on 12 September. She crossed the Second Bar on 26 November, reached St Helena on 14 February 1792, and arrived at the Downs on 30 March.

Voyage #5 (1793–94)

By this time the French Revolutionary Wars had broken out, so Hodgson received a letter of marque on 29 June 1793. Earl Cornwallis then sailed from Portsmouth on 7 July, bound for Bengal. She reached the Cape on 19 September, and arrived at Diamond Harbour on 17 December.

The first advertisement for Hodgson’s India Pale Ale appeared in the Calcutta Gazette in September 1793, shortly before the arrival of Earl Cornwallis. Whether the brewer George Hodgson was any relation of Thomas Hodgson is an open question.[5]

Homeward-bound, Earl Cornwallis passed Saugor on 28 January 1794 and reached St Helena on 20 July. She then stopped at Galway Bay on 20 July before arriving at the Downs on 27 August.[2]

Voyage #6 (1795–97)

Hodgson left Portsmouth on 24 May 1795, bound for China. Earl Cornwallis reached Simon's Bay on 3 September and False Bay on 1 October, and arrived at Whampoa on 7 March 1796. When she left, she crossed the Second Bar on 21 June, and her voyage ended on 13 February 1797.[2]

Voyage #7 (1798-1800)

James Tennant was Earl Cornwallis's captain for her seventh and last voyage for the EIC. He received a letter of marque on 26 July 1798.[4] He left Portsmouth on 4 October 1798, bound for Madras and Bengal. Earl Cornwallis reached the Cape on 20 January 1799 Cape and Madras on 12 April. She then visited Celyon on 11 May, before returning to Madras on 18 May. She arrived at Diamond Harbour on 30 May. She passed Saugor on 25 August, reached St Helena on 27 January 1800, and arrived at the Downs on 30 May.[2] On this voyage she carried the 51st Regiment of Foot to Ceylon.

Convict transport

In 1800 her owners sold Earl Cornwallis to Wilson & Co., who hired her out to carry convicts to Australia.

Under the command of James Tennent, Earl Cornwallis sailed from Portsmouth on 18 November 1800, and arrived at Port Jackson on 12 June 1801.[3] She transported 193 male and 95 female convicts, of whom 27 male and eight female convicts died.[6] All had died of dysentery, and many of the survivors were weak and feeble.[7] One officer and 20 men of the New South Wales Corps provided guards.

Earl Cornwallis left Port Jackson on 4 October bound for India.[8] She carried on board 150 tons of coal from Newcastle, New South Wales. This is believed to have been the first export of coal from Newcastle.[7]

Subsequent career

It is not clear what Earl Cornwallis did subsequent to her voyage to Australia. Lloyd's Register carries Earl Cornwallis from 1800 to 1808 with the unchanged information of J. Tennent, master, Wilson & Co., owner, and trade: London to Botany Bay.

Citations and references

Citations
  1. 1 2 3 Hackman (2001), p.98.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 National Archives: Earl Cornwallis, - accessed 19 November 2014.
  3. 1 2 Bateson (1974), pp.288-9.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Letter of Marque, 1793–1815, p.60;
  5. ↑ The Foods of India Project: India Pale Ale - accessed 8 October 2015.
  6. ↑ Bateson (1974), p.326.
  7. 1 2 Free Settler or Felon? - Convict Ship Earl Cornwallis 1801, - accessed 18 November 2014.
  8. ↑ "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
References
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